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Concept of stakeholder theory
Toyota motor corporation australia a case study
Evaluation and conclusion about corporate social responsibility today
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The announcement of Toyota, one of the world’s biggest car manufacturers, to cease its production in Australia by 2017, has been brought to national attention involving Federal government, individual workers, workers union and more, as the decision will undeniably constitute some difficulties to the country. To analyze and evaluate the consequences of this decision, the two models of corporate social responsibility that are Shareholder and Stakeholders theories have been taken into account in order to have a better understanding in areas of social responsibility holding by each particular member of the society. Each theory contains a different view of responsibility; the shareholder theory focuses on shareholders’ profit maximization, while the stakeholder theory looks at the wider view of taking each stakeholder’s interest into the equation. The decision made by Toyota clearly has impacts on the society, and undoubtedly leaves the company to hold moral responsibility more or less. However, considering the professional roles of the Australian government and workers union, they are also responsible for the decision. This essay evaluates the positive and negative consequences in regard to the decision made by Toyota to end their Australian car-making and also examines the shareholder and stakeholders theories to identify the role of social responsibility that is borne by these three sections; Toyota, Australian Government and Australian manufacturing workers union.
The story begins with the media statement from Toyota earlier this year to stop its vehicles manufacturing, as well as the production of its cylinder engines, in Australia by the end of 2017, and operate in the country only as a national sales and distribution company (T...
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...Australian government and Australian manufacturing workers union are easily identified. These three sections are obviously responsible for the decision relying on both their professional and ethical perspectives. From the discussion, Toyota and Australian government has behaved socially responsible in assisting the employees and suppliers with the job opportunities throughout the ongoing support services. Further, the government is also responsible for other economic factors that beyond Toyota control in terms of the policy frameworks. For the Australian manufacturing workers union, by its duty, they are directly responsible for the employees who are displaced as a result of the decision. However, they did not try to stand up for the employee rights in this case as they claimed that the circumstance is far worse for Toyota to sustain its production in the country.
To supply the wants and needs of a consumer, society entrusts wealth-producing resources to the business enterprise.” (Santayana, George. Is The Tyranny Of Shareholder Value Finally Ending? So before we go into greater detail on the different perspectives related to social responsibility, one might question the meaning of social responsibility. It is generally agreed that social responsibility is defined as the business obligation to make decisions that benefit society.... ...
This paper will have a detailed discussion on the shareholder theory of Milton Friedman and the stakeholder theory of Edward Freeman. Friedman argued that “neo-classical economic theory suggests that the purpose of the organisations is to make profits in their accountability to themselves and their shareholders and that only by doing so can business contribute to wealth for itself and society at large”. On the other hand, the theory of stakeholder suggests that the managers of an organisation do not only have the duty towards the firm’s shareholders; rather towards the individuals and constituencies who contribute to the company’s wealth, capacity and activities. These individuals or constituencies can be the shareholders, employees, customers, local community and the suppliers (Freeman 1984 pp. 409–421).
Corporate social responsibility has changed over the years, which causes organisations to adapt to ensure that the company is able to prosper. Corporate social responsibility refers to the company’s long-term view; proactivity and attaining more informed knowledge. Altruism is the unselfish concern for the welfare of others, the stakeholders in the company. Corporate social responsibility is an important concept understood by many businesses, be it small and medium enterprises or large and multinational organisations. Therefore, majority of organisations do not undertake corporate social responsibility initiatives primarily for altruistic reasons. This will be explained with reference to Friedman’s shareholder theory, Freeman’s stakeholder
Who would have thought that a business as large as Toyota would have stemmed from an Automated Loom invention? Sakichi Toyoda wanted to make a positive contribution to society, with watching his mother wove cloth by hand, Sakichi set out to improve the weave industry. Sakichi invented a winding machine and opened his own business to sell it. However, Japan’s economy took a turn for the worse and Sakichi was forced to resign from the company. Misfortune did not cease him. He continued with his innovations which led to him and his son, Kiichiro, inventing a fully automatic loom. They started their own textile business known as Toyoda Automatic Loom Works.
As one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the world, Toyota ranks within the top three worldwide. Due to their unique business model, they are now have a market share of 14% in the first four months of this year. That is an astonishing 2.3% jump from the previous year. According to Autodata.com, the Toyota City based automaker ranks fourth in United States sales.
Toyota’s uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile. Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone. Toyota has four wheel drive trucks and SUVs for the outdoor types or those who live in areas that face severe weather conditions, hybrid models like the Prius for the eco-friendly customers that are interested in saving the environment, along with the standard cars for general, everyday use. Additionally, Toyota provides vehicles for all price ranges.
Toyota Australia, the leader in Australia automotive industry, immediately expressed its fear that facing unpredictable pressure and they would continue with their transformation plan after General Motors Holden announced to exit car manufacturing in Australia. It is true that Toyota is considering whether leave Australia automotive market but it is not decided. However, David Smith, secretary from the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, said it was almost be true that Toyota would leave Australia. Toyota Australia, the best-selling and most trusted brand in Australia, has a splendid history of more than 50 years in Australia. In 1986, Toyota started exporting and in 1991 Toyota emerged as the industry
Toyota issues in automotive industry resulted from a lack of moral and ethical obligations to loyal customers. In fact, people encounter ethics at one time or another. A business expectation is to act in manner upholding society values. According to authors Trevino and Nelson, (2004) states, “a set of moral principals or values, or the principals, norm, and standards of conduct governing a group or individual.” On the other hand, three ethical criteria determined in this discussion like obligation, moral ideas, and consequences which this article highlights an ethical dilemma with automobiles makers.
The company that is there to be described by the readers, is actually a world famous car company and it is named as Nissan . It is one of the famous and the oldest car companies of the world. It has created such historical records in car making that nobody could even give a comparison to some of its models. It products are actually the grand or huge vehicles. Not only that but it does also create the cars of the different models and shapes . Those are have proved very reliable as far as the engines and their performances are concerned. Not only that but also Nissan has earned a lot of fame in the field of trucks . It’s trucks are moving all around the big cities and even villages of the world.
Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the largest automakers in the world. At its annual conference in Tokyo on May 8, 2008, the company announced that activities through March 2008 generated a sales figure of $252.7 billion, a new record for the company. However, the company is lowering expectations for the coming year due to a stronger yen, a slowing American economy, and the rising cost of raw materials (Rowley, 2008). If Toyota is to continue increasing its revenue, it must examine its business practice and determine on a course of action to maximize its profit.
2. What is the difference between a.. We noted that SSM Health Care learned from manufacturing companies in their quality journey. What can nonmanufacturing companies learn and apply from Toyota’s philosophy and practices? Suggest specific things that education and government might learn.
Although primary objective for managers is to maximise shareholders’ wealth, but many firms are started to focus on other stakeholders’ interests in recent years. Company can prevent transfer the damage of stakeholders’ wealth to shareholders when focus on stakeholders’ interests. In other words, “social responsibility” for the companies is to maintenance stakeholders’ relations in order to provide long-term interests to shareholders. By this way, conflict, turnover and litigation of stakeholders can be minimise. Obviously, company can achieve their primary objective by cooperation with stakeholders instead of conflict with stakeholders (Smart, Megginson, Gitman, 2002).
In today’s fast paced business world many managers face tough decisions when walking the thin line between what’s legal and what’s socially unacceptable. It is becoming more and more important for organisations to consider many more factors, especially ethically, other than maximising profits in order to be more competitive or even survive in today’s business arena. The first part of this essay will discuss managerial ethics[1] and the relevant concepts and theories that affect ethical decision making, such as the Utilitarian, Individualism, Moral rights approach theories, the social responsibility of organisations to stakeholders and their responses to social demands, with specific reference to a case study presenting an ethical dilemma[2], where Mobil halts product sales to a garage, forcing the garage owner to stop selling solvents to young people. The second section of this essay will focus on advice that should be given to any manager in a similar position to the garage owner with relevance to the organisational strategic management, the corporate objective and the evaluation of corporate social performance by measuring economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. It will address whom to think of as stakeholders and why the different aspect could cost more than a manager or an organisation could have imagined.
While the concept of an individual having responsibility is commonly recognized, modern views have lead to the emerging issue of corporate responsibility. Business Directory.com defines corporate social responsibility as, “A company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. Companies express this citizenship (1) through their waste and pollution reduction processes, (2) by contributing educational and social programs, and (3) by earning adequate returns on the employed resources.” But such a concept has been much disputed since at least the 1970’s.
Corporate Social Responsibility is an organisation’s obligation to serve the company’s own interest and the one’s of the society. Moreover, Corporate Social Responsibility has a definition of a concept where the companies integrate social and the environmental concerns into their own business operation and also on a basis of voluntary with their interactions they have with the stakeholders. Corporate Social Resp...