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A full essay on tourette syndrome
A full essay on tourette syndrome
A full essay on tourette syndrome
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Tourette Syndrome cannot be prevented, but if an earlier family member had this disorder, then that means that the following family members might be more at risk. In order to completely rule out the chance of newer family members getting the disorder, someone that has this illness should not have kids, in order to not pass the genes down. Although there is no serious way to prevent tics, early detection and treatment can help reduce the extreme harshness of the symptoms and prevent some of the life problems that are caused by the illness (Schongar, 2002).
There might not be ways to prevent tourettes, but there are multiple different forms of treatment, starting with medication. While dealing with the tics, the most effective medication to
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Tourette syndrome does not impact on normal life expectancy, and it does not impair intelligence. However, for some of the patients, motor tics may be painful and some children with the condition may experience learning difficulties. Tourette’s Syndrome can also be associated with other problems, such as neurobehavioral or psychiatric disorders. One of the major problems associated with Tourette is social embarrassment leading to isolation, low self esteem or social withdrawal (Mayo Clinic Staff, 1998).In the United States, no one knows exactly how many people have Tourette Syndrome, but a CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) study had found that one of every 360 children six to seventeen years of age in the United States have been diagnosed with this disorder based on a parent’s report. Other studies that included children with undiagnosed and diagnosed tics have estimated that one of every 162 children have this illness. This shows that about half of children with Tourette’s Syndrome are not even diagnosed. Among all of the children diagnosed with TS, it is seen that 37% have been reported as having moderate or severe forms of the condition. Among the patients who suffer from this, boys are three to five times more likely to have Tourettes than girls. …show more content…
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Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics usually starting in childhood and often accompanied by poor impulse control (Chiu, 2013, p.405). The disorder is named for Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French woman (ninds.nih.gov, 2013). Tourette syndrome was once considered to be a rare a condition that causes a person to make repeated, quick movements or sounds that they cannot control. These movements or sounds are called tics, but this symptom is only present in a minority of cases.
One out of every 360 children have Tourettes. Tourette’s is a neurological disorder, which means that it takes place in the nervous system. It affects males three to four times more than females. There’s no exact known reason as to why. Symptoms begin at ages three to nine, and typically, the first sign is excessive blinking. This
In recent years researchers have made significant advances in the field and have come up with many neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications to treat the disorder. However along with these medical breakthroughs problems have occurred. The most severe side effect is called Tardive Dyskinesia, literally meaning "late movement disorder." (1) Coined in 1964, it is identified by the involvement of numerous "abnormal, involuntary movements of the orofacial area or extremities." . (2) More specifically, it is characterized by rocking, twisting, jerking, toe tapping, lip smacking, blinking, and most commonly an unusual movement of the tongue. . (1) (2)(3). Interestingly enough, these side effects disappear during sleep. (3)
Grohol, J. M. (2013, May 26). » Mental Retardation Symptoms - Psych Central. Psych Central.com. Retrieved , from http://psychcentral.com/disorders/mental-retardation-symptoms/
Craig, A., Hancock, K., Tran, Y., & Craig, M. (2003). Anxiety levels in people who stutter: A randomized population study. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 46, 1197-1206.
Some symptoms of Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are fear of germs, perfectionism, and rituals. When someone has OCD they are afraid of germs and might constantly be washing their hands or cleaning their room. Someone who suffers from OCD needs everything to be perfect and they might organize their closet by color size. Their rituals calm their anxiety. Certain rituals are things such as checking the stove a certain number of times to make sure it is off or tap their finger a number of times just because it makes them feel better. Obsessive compulsive disorder can be associated with other mental disorders that cause stress and anxiety, but it can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy and medication.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.
Due to the intense nature of the physical symptoms of PD and its impact of one’s life, various researchers has identified different contributory factors of this disorder. Some studies indicated hyperventilation, over activity in the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system, interceptive classical conditioning, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and safety behaviors are potential factors of PD (Davey, 2014). While, other researchers have stated PD is possibly caused by genetic predisposition, abnormalities in serotonin, and early developmental factors (Sansone et al., 1998). As the etiology of PD remains unknown and further studies are being conducted, it is agreed upon the mental health community that biological, psychological and cognitive factors contribute to the etiology and maintenance of PD.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that can be best characterized by the recurrent or disturbing thoughts that are labeled as obsessions. Sometime these obsessions can take on the form of intrusive images or the unwanted impulses. The compulsions can come from the repetitive or ritualized behaviors that a person feels driven to perform on a daily basis. The majority of people with the diagnosis of OCD can have both obsessions and compulsions, but most of the times about 20% have obsessions alone while 10% may have the compulsions alone (Goodman M.D., 2013) . Common types that have been illustrated in individual’s diagnoses with OCD can be characterized with concerns of contamination, safety or harm to themselves, unwanted acts of aggression, the unacceptable sexual or religious thoughts, and the need for symmetry or exactness. While some of the most common compulsion can be characterized as excessive cleaning, checking, ordering, and arranging rituals or the counting and repeating routines activities that are done sometimes on a daily basis multiple times in a day.
There is no known way to prevent factitious disorder. It may be helpful to start treatment as soon as there are symptoms of the condition.
Coles, M. E., Schofield, C. A., & Pietrefesa, A. S. (2006). Behavioral inhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 1118-1132. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.003
“Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder, OCD” 18 Mar. 2014 National Institute of Mental Health. 18 Mar. 2014 http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd
Nervous habits also identified as body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are behaviors that occur repeatedly across situations and consist of undesired repetitive, manipulative, problematic and or destructive behaviors directed toward the body such as hand-to-head (e.g., hair pulling, hair twirling), hand-to-mouth (e.g., nail biting, thumb sucking), hand-to-body (e.g., skin picking, skin scratching), and oral behaviors (e.g., teeth grinding, mouth biting) and are often seen to play a role in emotion regulation and can arise during periods of heightened tension (Miltenberger,2005 ; Roberts, O’Connor, Bélanger, 2013; Woods & Miltenberger, 1995). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, does identify body focused repetitive behaviors under Other Specified Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders as a behavior that can cause stress and impairment in areas of functioning however does not meet the full diagnostic criteria of specific obsessive compulsive and related disorders (American Psychiatric Association 2013, pp. 263-264). Roberts et al. (2013) states, “research into BFRBs has been limited in comparison to research into other psychiatric conditions”. One example given by Roberts et al. (2013) referred to the Psychlit database which between the 1975 and 2000 contained 2489 articles pertaining to bipolar disorder, 309 articles pertaining to trichotillomania and only fourteen pertaining to BFRBs. Robert et al. (2013) acknowledges there is a growing interest in BFRBs with hair pulling and skin picking receiving the most research attention (2013). The prevalence rate of BFRBs is hard to determine without more research and understanding.