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Symbols of culture
Native Americans and Canadian treaties
Influence of tobacco in western culture
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Journal #2
Tobacco in Indigenous culture is different than English culture. In Indigenous culture, tobacco is incredibly symbolic as it is used to open up to the creator. Moreover, Tobacco is also a proper way to great someone. Not only do you greet a person with tobacco but the earth as well. This past summer I had the opportunity to go to the Petroforms in Whiteshell. Before the tour started my guided explained that we would all proceed to place tobacco on the earth before seeing the petroform to show respect to the creator. The presenter we had explained that when a tree is cut down, they also leave tobacco since they are taking the tree away from its family. Unfortunately for many Indigenous people they will never know some of these practices. This is for many reasons, but a main
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Additionally, treaties are formal agreements between Indigenous people and European people. The biggest issue with treaties is that the Indigenous people and the European settlers didn’t speak the same language. For example when the Indigenous people would sign the papers they didn’t understand what they were doing. Consequently, before the European settlers arrived Indigenous people had their own treaties with each other. But unlike the treaties with the European settlers, mainly the treaties were oral. Another difference was that the Europeans only viewed the land as property where as the Indigenous people viewed the land as life that could not be owned or sold. The indigenous people felt they had the rights to the land as there’s since they were occupying the land for many years prior to the settlers, but the settlers argued that they had the treaties with Indigenous people’s signatures signing over the land to them. As priory stated Indigenous people didn’t speak the same language so they didn’t know what they were saying so in some cases these treaties just have x’s on them. Unfortunately, these treaties with improper signatures are still
America had a newfound fervor for land already occupied by the Indians. Although the Treaty of Paris ended the war, in the west, war continued. In the treaty the British gave up all claims to the lands, but declared the Indians still owned their lands. America thought the Indians had no real claims to the land so they made treaties to legitimize American expansion.
Through Laws, treaties and proclamations it becomes clear of the transfer of power between Native Americas and colonizing powers within the US and Canada. One significant treaty was Treaty NO. 9 in which Native Americans gave up their aboriginal title and land for money, hunting right, entrance into the christian school system and a Canadian flag presented to the Chief. The treaties described define the cascading effect of how western powers came into control of land at which Native Americans resided in. Specifically converging on the using Native Americans “elites” to influence other Native Americans into adopting western cultural beliefs, overshadowing the diverse Native American cultural practices. The overshadowing and belittling of Native American culture is not only expressed through the several treaties presented to Native Americans across history but also through real life accounts of Native American children adopted into the western school system. This sections places into the prospective the monopolization of Native American land and
Although the English and Native Americans were both every different in how they viewed the land, there were some similarities between the two cultures. First of all, both agreed to the terms of a monarchy- the idea that a monarch that ruled over the land was more a symbolic figure of a whole people rather than a rich and wealthy land owner. Even though the English called their monarch a King, and the Indians’ a Sachem, the ideas behind the two were virtually the same. Secondly, if hunters were in pursuit of game, both cultures agreed to the fact that they could cross otherwise strict borders in attainment of the game. This shows that even though both were fairly precise in drawing village borders, food superseded otherwise legal boundaries. Lastly, the English and the Native Americans both were little different in their sense of how land could be bought or sold. Now, this does not mean that they thought viewed property the same or that they us...
The terms of the Treaty included the acknowledgement of Indian tribes’ asking for forgiveness and the English dominating Indian trade and commerce. There were other terms that included the English being able to use Indian land for recreational use and any “remedy or redress” (Calloway 174) being brought to justice based on English laws. Overall, the terms and language used in the treaty is used to place blame of past hostilities on the Indians. The English completely twisted the language in the treaty to favor the English and shows the Indian people as rebellious savages that were begging for forgiveness for King George and the English.
The land of the Native Indians had been encroached upon by American settlers. By the
Not only did the Indians and Europeans use the land differently but also defined ownership of the land differently. The Indian woman defined and claimed the land as theirs by the crops planted and the rest of the land could be free for improvement. The Europeans viewed that, ‘“To define property is thus to represent boundaries between people; equally, it is to articulate at least one set of conscious boundaries between ...
The year 1907 marked the beginning of treaty making in Canada. The British Crown claims to negotiate treaties in pursuance of peaceful relations between Aboriginal peoples and non-Aboriginals (Canada, p. 3, 2011). Treaties started as agreements for peace and military purposes but later transformed into land entitlements (Egan, 2012, p. 400). The Royal Proclamation of 1763, which recognizes Indian sovereignty and its entitlement to land, became the benchmark for treaty making in Canada (Epp, 2008, p. 133; Isaac & Annis, p. 47, 48; Leeson, 2008, p. 226). There are currently 70 recognized treaties in Canada, encompassing 50 percent of Canadian land mass and representing over 600,000 First Nations people (Canada, 2013). These treaties usually have monetary provisions along with some financial benefits given by the Crown, in exchange for lands and its resources (Egan, 2012, p. 409). Its purpose should be an equal sharing of wealth that is beneficial for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginals (Egan, 2012, p. 414).
the native cultural practices of the use of the pipe. Herb than was able to find true
The medicine is a very important item to the Indigenous because it has been passed down through generations and helps heal them. Tobacco is one of the four most valuable sacred plants in the Aboriginal community because it is believed to a kind of pathway to the spirit world. “It is spread on the ground as an offering to the Earth or on the water as acknowledgment to its critical role in life and to ask for safe passage,” (Admin, Aug,02, 2012, para 2). They may even sometimes use it in a cigar instead of just throwing it onto the fire. The most important thing to the Indigenous is the medicine wheel which helps them use different medicines for different sicknesses or to help with their well-being. This changed my way of thinking because I opened myself up to learning more about the medicines and actually understanding what they are used for and how important they are rather than just knowing it heals them in some
Native Americans lived on the land that is now called America, but when white settlers started to take over the land, many lives of Native Americans were lost. Today, many people believe that the things that have been done and are being done right now, is an honor or an insult to the Natives. The choices that were made and being made were an insult to the Native Americans that live and used to live on this land, by being insulted by land policies, boardings schools and modern issues, all in which contain mistreatment of the Natives. The power that the settlers and the people who governed them had, overcame the power of the Natives so the settlers took advantage and changed the Natives way of life to the
Despite the fact that these agreements were a clear violation of existing British law, they were used later to justify the American takeover of the region. The Shawnee also claimed these lands but, of course, were never consulted. With the Iroquois selling the Shawnee lands north of the Ohio, and the Cherokee selling the Shawnee lands south, where could they go? Not surprisingly, the Shawnee stayed and fought the Americans for 40 years. Both the Cherokee and Iroquois were fully aware of the problem they were creating. After he had signed, a Cherokee chief reputedly took Daniel Boone aside to say, "We have sold you much fine land, but I am afraid you will have trouble if you try to live there."
Towards the development of the United States of America there has always been a question of the placement of the Native Americans in society. Throughout time, the Natives have been treated differently like an individual nation granted free by the U.S. as equal U.S. citizens, yet not treated as equal. In 1783 when the U.S. gained their independence from Great Britain not only did they gain land from the Appalachian Mountains but conflict over the Indian policy and what their choice was to do with them and their land was in effect. All the way from the first presidents of the U.S. to later in the late 19th century the treatment of the Natives has always been changing. The Native Americans have always been treated like different beings, or savages, and have always been tricked to signing false treaties accompanying the loss of their homes and even death happened amongst tribes. In the period of the late 19th century, The U.S. government was becoming more and more unbeatable making the Natives move by force and sign false treaties. This did not account for the seizing of land the government imposed at any given time (Boxer 2009).
Many Native groups, because they were nomadic, didn't see land as belonging to one person. The idea that someone could come in, claim a piece of land and ban them from it, caused many problems.
Paper, Jordan. "Sacred Use of Tobacco." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience (2013): n.p. ABC-CLIO. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.
It is important to recognize Indigenous people’s right to self-determination and self-governance because it involves the state’s obligation to protect the rights of all its people. The government has a legal obligation to consult with Aboriginal groups when it involves activities that interfere with their treaty rights. Academic critics of Aboriginal rights and Indigenous self-government, such as Tom Flanageans, have argued that Europeans used individual title to property as a method to “dismantle indigenous communities” by separating the land from collective ownership to individual property (Coates, 2008, p.12). The depth of concern on these issues should not be underestimated since it involves fundamental concepts of fairness and equality within the justice