To what extent was World War I a total war?

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The Great War took place during 1914 to 1918, it was a global war where the world fought the triple Alliance, which was made up of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy. It was one of the first times in history where every resource and weapon was used against an opposing nation. It completely fulfilled all aspects of a total war, as all civilians, both men and women, were affected by the on-going warfare. Specifically in Britain, where everybody was driven to defeat the triple Alliance. Using their political power, the United Kingdom used censorship, propaganda and established the Defence of the Realm Act to govern all aspects of the country, in order to achieve victory on the battlefield. Hence why, World War I was a total war.

Men were by far the most affected by the war, due to the Conscription Act that was passed in 1916. This included all men aged 18-40 who were able to fight against the triple Alliance. The number of volunteers were decreasing, because of circulating news reports of the horrifying experiences and the living conditions the men were expected to live in. War’s glamorous side was destroyed and replaced with fear. With Britain’s army diminishing, they had to bring in conscription to maintain the necessary numbers of troops. Not all men agreed with this measure and those who opposed conscription were known as conscientious objectors. These men were usually pacifists or highly religious individuals, who were treated like criminals by society; many were assaulted and publicly humiliated. These men were forced to take on jobs that aided the military. The men that refused this alternative to fighting were either sentenced to death or put in solitary confinement. This exhibits the extreme mea...

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...dom. Their entire lives revolved around the war situation. Anyone who questioned or rebelled against DORA could be put on trial. These harsh rules show it was not just the soldiers who were involved in the conflict, but normal people were profoundly affected as well.

To conclude the Great War encompassed all factors of a total war; economic, social and political. The whole population was mobilized towards the war effort and everyone’s attention concentrated on winning the war. Being one of the first total wars in history, it showed that wars are not always conflicts of armies against armies, but rather conflicts of societies fighting societies. Britain had to create harsh laws, mobilize the entire population and use all accessible resources to defeat the triple alliance. Therefore, there is no doubt that World War I fulfilled all characteristics of a total war

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