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Catholicism in medieval times
Christianity through the ages
Catholicism in medieval times
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College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich. Named after The Holy Trinity. Founded 1350 by William Bateman Bishop of Norwich. Sisters College – All Souls College Oxford. Men and Women – Undergraduate 370 Postgraduates 270.
The Black Death plague that hit England in the 1340’s had a devastating effect, wiping out almost half of the population. The clergy, despite their godliness, were not immune. William Bateman Bishop of Norwich, found he had lost close to 700 parish priests and, in order to address this problem, set about founding Trinity Hall in 1350. The institution was designed to replenish the priesthood, promoting divine worship and the civil sciences, which the bishop hoped, would benefit the diocese of Norwich and the surrounding areas.
Pressing need for lawyers
As medieval England became more bureaucratic, the need for lawyers who understood both the laws of God and the laws of the crown increased. The training of priests and lawyers in the 14th century was similar and Trinity Hall soon established a reputation and tradition for law, which continues to this day.
Trinity Hall backs on to the river Cam, in a central location sandwiched between Clare, to the south and Trinity College (which it predates by nearly 200 years) to the north. It is part of the collection that form ‘The Backs’. The compact rough lozenge shape site squeezes in several courts along with the spacious Latham Lawn that sits by the River Cam. To the east of the lawn three connecting courts adjoin Trinity Street – Avery Court, Front Court and North Court. Henry James remarked, ‘If I were called upon to mention the prettiest corner of the world, I should draw a thoughtful sigh and point the way to the gardens of Trinity Hall’. Traditionally the ear...
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...atham Building in 1910, followed by the Thornton Building. Both face the Lawn, adopting a gorgeous red brick Victorian Elizabethan revival style with classical trim. North Court has some surviving original fabric but is now dominated by Gothic work from Sir Giles Gilbert Scott.
Idyllic setting
The award winning Jerwood Library, built in 1999, sits in an idyllic setting overhanging the River Cam and manages to look both modern and ancient at the same time. Traditional materials and methods have been used by Freeland Rees Roberts, to create a lovely building that rests perfectly in scale with its neighbours. The fragmented forms created with red brick and glass give it a gentle contemporary appearance. Students can often be seen sitting and reading on a large ledge pressed against the glass, picturesque river one side, 30,000 books the other – it can’t get any better!
The medieval theologian Julian of Norwich was a mystic, writer, anchoress and spiritual director for her time. She is gaining in popularity for our time as she provides a spiritual template for contemplative prayer and practice in her compilation of writings found in Revelations of Divine Love. The insightful meditations provide the backdrop and basis for her Trinitarian theology’s embrace of God’s Motherhood found in the Trinity. Her representative approach of the all-encompassing unconditional love of a mother who nurtures, depicts Christ as our Mother ascending to the placement of Second hood within the Trinity while giving voice to the duality of God.
Hitchcock, Henry Russell. Early Victorian Architecture in Britain Volumes I and II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.
It cannot be argued that the Black Plague was detrimental to every aspect of Europe’s communities. It was a powerful epidemic that wiped out a third of the continent’s population. Out of the midst of all its terror, however, positive after effects presented themselves. Some of these effects included revolutions in the church and society, eventually leading to the separation of church and state. Feudalism was also challenged as peasants demanded wages and revolted. Along with social changes came technological innovations, new inventions, and an attention to hygiene and the beginning of modern medicine. The plague may have devastated Europe, but it also gave way to a new era.
No other epidemic reaches the level of the Black Death which took place from 1348 to 1350. The epidemic, better regarded as a pandemic, shook Europe, Asia, and North Africa; therefore it deems as the one of the most devastating events in world history. In The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, John Aberth, compiles primary sources in order to examine the origins and outcomes of this deadly disease. The author, a history professor and associate academic dean at Vermont’s Castleton State College, specializes in medieval history and the Black Death. He wrote the book in order to provide multiple perspectives of the plague’s impact. Primarily, pathogens started the whole phenomenon; however, geological, economic, and social conditions
At Oxford Wycliffe was known for being an English theologian, philosopher, church reformer, and promoter of the first complete translation of the Bible into English (Wycliffe). He was not able to get his doctorate of theologian until 1372 because of periodic eruptions of the Black Death (Wycliffe). He because the most recognized theologian in all of Europe. Oxford was later blamed for Wycliffe’s actions (History). In 1374 he finally received the Crown of rectory of Lutherworth, with which his name is forever connected. There he lived continuously after his expulsion from Oxford in 1382, there he wrote his later works and collected his friends and missionaries (Trevelyan, 170). Throughout his lifetime, five papal edicts were issued for his arrest. Since England was distancing itself fr...
When walking through Boston's renowned Harvard Yard, one may scope out the mixture of architecture throughout its landscape. From the traditional Memorial Hall influenced by Romanesque churches, to the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard Yard is like a salad bowl of architecture. Perhaps because I am a lover of Victorian style structures, or maybe because of its interior's beauty and richness, Memorial Hall intrigued my interest most of all.
known as the Norman keep as it was the Normans who built it. The keep
According to the architectural historian Richard Hewlings, Chiswick House was an attempt to create a roman villa instead of Renaissance pastiche by Lord Burlington, located in a Roman garden. Se...
The Hive Library, in Worcester, is a four-story building that is made of golden-colour copper aluminium alloy (exterior) and water proof concrete (interior). Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios designed the building, which costs around ‘£38m’(Ijeh, The modern reader, p2). The library was designed for the use of public as well as the use Worcester University student. On the other hand, Christopher Wren designed The Trinity College in 1676-1695 in Cambridge. It’s a single large room, at the first floor level. Several feet below the external division, between the two stories, lies the floor of the library (Hawkes, Origins of Building Science, p87). This gives is a better architecture proportion. The library was designed for the use of Cambridge student only. The use of both libraries explains the difference in size of the two buildings. The Hive was designed for public and Worcester university students, whereas Trinity was only designed for Cambridge university students. The Hive is bigger because larger population is using the library than the Trinity library.
Gonville and Caius was founded in 1348 as Gonville Hall, by the somewhat mysterious Edmund Gonville, Rector of Terrington St Clements, from the flatlands of Norfolk. There must have been more to Edmund than the records show, because it is doubtful a humble rector could have established a Cambridge college. There has been speculation that he was also a successful businessman with powerful connections, especially with William Bateman, the bishop of Norwich. The good bishop was executor to Edmund’s will and discovered the estate was not really big enough to support the institution, so he took control himself. Bishop Bateman had recently established Trinity Hall in Cambridge and he moved Gonville, (from Free School Lane) on to neighbouring land, renaming it ‘The Hall of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary’, making sure it was endowed with the required buildings.
The Great Hall was the main room of the royal palace, castle or a large manor house. A quintessential Great Hall was rectangular in shape, between one and a half and three times higher than it was wide. Entrance through the great hall was through a screening passage at one end and had windows on one of the long sides. There was often a minstrels gallery at the top of the screens passage.
The small, but delightful, Library for Rare Books was completed in 1982 by van Heyningen and Howard Architects. The carefully designed building protects its treasures, which includes manuscripts, by employing minimal windows coupled with a ventilation and humidity system that does not require air conditioning. The library is a red and grey-banded brick box with a barrel roof – stunningly simple and beautiful.
Starkey, M. (2009) What is a University? Explaining the Rise of Universities in Medieval Europe, an Education Studies essay, 9th March, School of Education, University of Northampton, online at: