Time and Cost Estimating Techniques
Estimating work times provides several benefits for the project
manager. It gives an idea of the level of effort required to complete
a project. This information then enables the project manager to
produce a realistic plan based upon that effort. Estimating also helps
the project manager anticipate the budget for the project.
There are many formal techniques available to estimate time and cost
for activities. Please refer to the Project Management Reference
Section for more details on these techniques. Anyone reviewing these
estimates should understand that they are approximations, not
accuracies.
Although the formal techniques are very specific, most of them have
the following tasks in common:
* Break activities down into small pieces for easier and more
accurate estimation. (WBS)
* Review historical information and compare to current activities.
* Include a contingency buffer for potential risks.
* Solicit advice from others that have previously completed similar
activities.
* Identify and document the assumptions and parameters used to
derive the estimates.
Microsoft Project
Microsoft Project is project management software. Project management
software assists project managers by providing a means for organizing
project information. A project manager uses the software to enter and
maintain a workplan that organizes activities and details. The
software calculates the scheduled dates for tasks based on the time or
work requirements of each task using a calendar of working days for
the project and its resources.
Microsoft Project is a tool to assist project managers in creating a
WBS, PERT Charts, Gantt Charts, and resource histograms. Other reports
and charts are also readily available for use and customization. AIS
project team members and managers should use the latest version.
PERT/CPM
Network analysis techniques identify early and late start and finish
dates for the uncompleted portions of project activities. The Program
Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Critical Path Method
(CPM) are examples of network analysis techniques.
The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an
event-oriented technique used to show all the project tasks,
dependencies, and earliest and latest start times for each task in
graphical form. It is used...
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...y are achieving the task goals. This
type of observation can also be useful if aspects of team performance
are being investigated to understand how the team members are
organised and perform their tasks.
Communication and conversational analysis
Investigation of the patterns in the organisation of people's
interaction (it would be possible to use the principle of analysing a
conversation between two travellers, or one traveller and one
transport enquiry office operator in real situations, in order to
identify the needs for the traveller in specific contexts, what are
the difficulties encountered, how a system could resolve these
difficulties,... ). One of these methods is the language / action
approach which considers the language as a means by which people act.
Advantage of this method : it provides a complete and logical
conceptual frame in order to investigate all kinds of conversation.
Disadvantage of this method : many situations are characterised by
subtle communication processes not taken into account by the model.
There is also a difficulty in labelling an interaction and a message
especially if they do not fit into the request or promise categories.
This essay will examine key aspects of the recent implementation of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 2011, which is the largest overhaul in Consumer Law in Australia in the past twenty five years. The ACL replaces 20 existing State and Territory laws into one national law , the legislation was enacted in two main parts as Schedule 2 of the renamed Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA) - Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) . Aforementioned this essay it will outline the key benefits of the implementation of the act. Furthermore it will critique the Act, whilst exploring the objectives of the legislation.
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Opting for coverage by a registered health spending account (RHSA) allows employees to choose the benefits that most benefit them. Health insurance covers only a certain number of services, which may not help everyone. Health spending accounts also aid employers financially as they allow them to save money. Instead of needing to pay for typical health benefits, a certain amount of money can be distributed to employees by means of an RHSA, which employees can then use as they please.
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