Time and Cost Estimating Techniques
Estimating work times provides several benefits for the project
manager. It gives an idea of the level of effort required to complete
a project. This information then enables the project manager to
produce a realistic plan based upon that effort. Estimating also helps
the project manager anticipate the budget for the project.
There are many formal techniques available to estimate time and cost
for activities. Please refer to the Project Management Reference
Section for more details on these techniques. Anyone reviewing these
estimates should understand that they are approximations, not
accuracies.
Although the formal techniques are very specific, most of them have
the following tasks in common:
* Break activities down into small pieces for easier and more
accurate estimation. (WBS)
* Review historical information and compare to current activities.
* Include a contingency buffer for potential risks.
* Solicit advice from others that have previously completed similar
activities.
* Identify and document the assumptions and parameters used to
derive the estimates.
Microsoft Project
Microsoft Project is project management software. Project management
software assists project managers by providing a means for organizing
project information. A project manager uses the software to enter and
maintain a workplan that organizes activities and details. The
software calculates the scheduled dates for tasks based on the time or
work requirements of each task using a calendar of working days for
the project and its resources.
Microsoft Project is a tool to assist project managers in creating a
WBS, PERT Charts, Gantt Charts, and resource histograms. Other reports
and charts are also readily available for use and customization. AIS
project team members and managers should use the latest version.
PERT/CPM
Network analysis techniques identify early and late start and finish
dates for the uncompleted portions of project activities. The Program
Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Critical Path Method
(CPM) are examples of network analysis techniques.
The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an
event-oriented technique used to show all the project tasks,
dependencies, and earliest and latest start times for each task in
graphical form. It is used...
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...y are achieving the task goals. This
type of observation can also be useful if aspects of team performance
are being investigated to understand how the team members are
organised and perform their tasks.
Communication and conversational analysis
Investigation of the patterns in the organisation of people's
interaction (it would be possible to use the principle of analysing a
conversation between two travellers, or one traveller and one
transport enquiry office operator in real situations, in order to
identify the needs for the traveller in specific contexts, what are
the difficulties encountered, how a system could resolve these
difficulties,... ). One of these methods is the language / action
approach which considers the language as a means by which people act.
Advantage of this method : it provides a complete and logical
conceptual frame in order to investigate all kinds of conversation.
Disadvantage of this method : many situations are characterised by
subtle communication processes not taken into account by the model.
There is also a difficulty in labelling an interaction and a message
especially if they do not fit into the request or promise categories.
The main focus of the story is on Bertrande de Rols and her place in sixteenth century society, especially as a wife. At the age of nine, Bertrande was married to Martin Guerre who was a young peasant of Basque heritage. For several years, the two have trouble consummating their marriage. In 1548, Martin runs away from his village of Artigat, France to join the Spanish army, leaving his twenty-two year old wife Bertrande and a young son. After eight years of living in quiet desperation, an imposter Arnaud du Tilh nicknamed "Pansette," shows up in the village in 1548, in the guise of Martin Guerre. It is no wonder that Bertrande would finally find fulfillment of her hopes and dreams of a better life with the new Martin. The couple's marital bliss unravels the day Arnaud argues with his uncle, Pierre Guerre, over his desire to sell off some of his ancestral land. Under Basque tradition and custom, a man is never to sell his ancestral land this causes Pierre to be suspicious of the identity of his nephew and he decides to sue Arnaud as an imposter.
This essay will examine key aspects of the recent implementation of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 2011, which is the largest overhaul in Consumer Law in Australia in the past twenty five years. The ACL replaces 20 existing State and Territory laws into one national law , the legislation was enacted in two main parts as Schedule 2 of the renamed Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA) - Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) . Aforementioned this essay it will outline the key benefits of the implementation of the act. Furthermore it will critique the Act, whilst exploring the objectives of the legislation.
The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) was established to protect consumers in any legal trading activities in Australia. A set of guarantees has also been introduced for those consumers who are acquiring goods and services from Australian suppliers, importers or manufacturers. The guarantees are intended to ensure that consumers will receive the goods or services they have paid for. If they have problems with the products and services they bought, they are entitled for remedies, such as repair, replacement, and refund.
The Real Cost: Contract is a commercial that was released October 31, 2014 across multi-wide media, TV, Radio, Print, and digital causes a bright side of controversy for teens who were expected to be in use of Tobacco. The commercial shows a list of scenes in an average teen life while also the slow effects of losing free time and your own time with the use of cigarettes. It’s not the typical anti-smoking commercial because instead of just saying don’t smoke its digs in the feel of teen emotion towards how they chose to live there life and what decisions that are willing to make. The commercial features a teenage girl narrating normal events in her lifestyle talking in a way she’s stepping up in her life to find herself when initially
Opting for coverage by a registered health spending account (RHSA) allows employees to choose the benefits that most benefit them. Health insurance covers only a certain number of services, which may not help everyone. Health spending accounts also aid employers financially as they allow them to save money. Instead of needing to pay for typical health benefits, a certain amount of money can be distributed to employees by means of an RHSA, which employees can then use as they please.
In the novel 1984, Orwell produced a social critique on totalitarianism and a future dystopia that made the world pause and think about our past, present and future. When reading this novel we all must take the time to think of the possibility that Orwell's world could come to pass. Orwell presents the concepts of power, marginalization, and resistance through physical, psychological, sexual and political control of the people of Oceania. The reader experiences the emotional ride through the eyes of Winston Smith, who was born into the oppressive life under the rule of Ingsoc. Readers are encouraged through Winston to adopt a negative opinion on the idea of communist rule and the inherent dangers of totalitarianism. The psychological manipulation and physical control are explored through Winston's journey, and with Winston's resistance and ultimate downfall, the reader is able to fully appreciate O'Briens reasoning, "Power is not a means, it is an end."
In this paper, I will introduce and summarize the documentary, explain the application of deontological ethics to the moral question posed by the use of sweatshops (factories with extreme exploitation, fear and intimidation, arbitrary punishment, and poor working conditions), and conclude my paper (Mount Holyoke College). The documentary “The True Cost” is an excellent documentary detailing the use of sweatshops in the fashion industry, and how the pursuit of profits by large multinational companies has changed both the landscape of the fashion industry, but also that of farmers (literally), and political landscapes in nations. In the documentary, which serves as a sort of expose on the fashion industry’s use of such factories, there are numerous
Controlling the cost of medical care is an essential element of health care reform. Without adequate cost control measures, ensuring widespread access to care may become unsustainable. Cost containment approaches should not compromise value in health care; however, cost containment efforts should focus on reducing redundancy and waste, improved care management, and improved delivery of excellent value in health care. According to Jessup (2012), containing the costs of care can be useful to government, employer, and household budgets, but it may have a detrimental impact on innovation since health care costs are the main source of revenue for medical innovators. One of the health care treatment that is controversial and is costly is the patient
Kezner, H. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 6th. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998. Print.
Management tools such as 3-point estimation, critical path analysis, work breakdown structure and earned value analysis are used.
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When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.