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Punishment in society
Effects of punishment on behavior
Punishment in society
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Scientists in the recent past have made several innovations in the field of medicine that solve clinical problems. Baer argues that whenever there is a new innovation there is usually a delight and the new innovation is highly applauded by the people. He mentions that when a drug is undergoing research, it goes through many processes including being used in lab animals and collecting different results. Baer argues that children need to be punished in selective ways to ensure that they grow up to be wonderful children (Baer, 1958). However, he wonders if the same results when collecting research in medicine will be applauded by the communities. This is because different people will have different responses. For example, Behaviors of that show interest include both respondent and operant behaviors. Respondent behaviors are indicated by antecedent stimuli. However, he continues to state that punishment is the most effective way to remove behaviors. Clinical problems, he states are like that. Nevertheless he disagrees with the notion that punishment builds on good behavior once it eliminates bad behavior. It can be used to shape ones behavior and correct them but not to make the person upright. However, when a behavior escapes punishment, it is likely to grow in detail. This means that is a behavior is not punished it is likely to grow and …show more content…
I agree with Baer’s opinion that behaviors need to be punished to produce upright morals for generations. It is through punishment that a parent will reduce the need to punish her child more at any time in their life. However, many parent’s, when punishing their children put much emphasis on the punishment itself rather than the behavior that caused the punishment (Family Education, 2015). Punishment need to be embraced and applauded by the community when a new punishment technique is brought about by the experts as it only serves to create a global morally upright
This theory states that criminal behavior is not a product of social class or individual behavior. That delinquent behavior is not in fact something that an individual is not born with, yet alone are they born a criminal. But that they learn it and ways of thinking that are delinquent (Siegel & Welsh 2011). Thus, delinquent behavior can be learned from whom ever is influential in a kid 's life such as family or peers. Therefore, going back to the advice that was stated earlier. Based on this theory if Edward viewed his parents has role models and that often shaped his well being and life decisions from what he learned of observed from this parents, this would have been the perfect way for them to go about the situation. By them approaching Edward and explaining to him how important his behavior was in terms of his future, he would have leaned ways and developed thinking that would have prevented him from being delinquent. Simply because he would have had counts of stories from his parents about their own disappoints that we could have kept in mind in regards to fulfilling his own dreams and accomplishments. Edward 's parents would have been his prime example in straying away from being delinquent or turning into a
In this essay, two theories specifically focusing on sexual offending against children are compared and critical evaluated. Finkelhor’s (1984) Precondition model integrates four underlying factors that might explain the occurrence of child sexual abuse and categorizes them into four preconditions: motivation to offend, overcoming internal inhibitors, overcoming external inhibitors and overcoming child’s resistance that occur in a temporal sequence where each is necessary for the other to develop. The Precondition model provides a framework for assessment of child molesters but is criticized for a lack of aetiological explanations and for paying to little attention to cognitive factors. Ward’s (2003) Pathways model suggest that clinical phenomena evident among child sex offenders are generated by four distinct and interacting mechanisms: intimacy and social skills deficits, distorted sexual scripts, emotional dysregulation and cognitive distortions where each mechanism generates a specific offence pathway. Both theories have been influential in providing treatment goals and informing clinical assessment of child sexual abusers.
Psychology consists of countless different components that help describe various aspects of individuals both mentally and physically. Though Psychology is used for multiple different areas, one of the most common areas to observe in this field is behaviors. Behaviors range from person to person and can be altered by different situations and variables. The point when behaviors can become of interest is when an individual’s actions and behavior are extreme or they are inconsistent with the appropriate behavior in certain circumstances. These abnormal behaviors are often consistent and can be related to psychological disorders. Though some psychological disorders may be manageable to live
In this argumentative essay written by Dr. Ron Kline a pediatrician who wrote his essay titled “A Scientist: I am the enemy”. The article gives an insight on how animal research has helped many people and shine a light on the benefits of animal research. Ron Kline is the director of bone marrow transplants at the University of Louisville. Furthermore, the essay explains his thoughts and his own reasons for his love of medical research. In addition, the essay include the opposing side of the argument which has a lot feedback from activist groups that think that animal research is horrible.
Growing up as children, from a very early stage in life we are taught by our parents and guardians to follow the simple rules set in the family setting as well as being respectful to everyone. As a child if one misbehaved or failed to live by the code of conduct, they ought to be disciplined in order to get back on track. Discipline simply meant to impart knowledge and skills. Many times however, discipline is mistaken for punishment and control and this poses a great challenge to parents on effective methods of instilling discipline in their children from one stage of life to the next for instance; how parents ought to discipline older children varies from the way they are required to handle toddlers.
In the news today there is an article about a high-school boy who brought guns to school and shot several students. The parents of the victims are suing various computer game companies saying that the violent games present shooting and killing people as pleasurable and fail to portray realistic consequences. A representative of one of the companies released a statement saying that this is another example of individuals seeking to elude responsibility that has become so common in our society. This case is not about software. What is on trial is the age-old debate between nature and nurture, which also lies at the center of Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment.
The Goals of Punishment For many generations there has been an old saying that “if you do the crime then do the time” and still applies in this current epidemic. In fact, which goes to show that there are some in society that may need to be punished for their wrong doings. Parents use the same exact metaphor when disciplining their children when they do something wrong. No one is perfect and as humans there will be times when mistakes will be made. Life is all about living and learning from past mistakes and moving on to know what not to do.
In conclusion, the theory of behaviorism is based on observable behaviors for easier quantification and data collection. Effective techniques such as behavior intervention and discrete trial training originate from this school of thought. The approaches are very essential in altering the maladaptive behaviors in adults and children (Cherry, 2011). Today, conditioning and the use of reward and punishment are used to help people learn accepted behavior and in other cases to help them stop problematic behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2008). This has made behavior modification and training easy and possible. Therefore, Dr. John Watson played a tremendous role in the transition of psychology from the work of earlier scholars to the modern scholars.
Millions of animals are used to test consumer products, but they also become victims to experiments for medical research. In The Ethics of Animal Research (2007) both authors state that there have been many medical advances with the development of medicines and treatments as a result of research conducted on animals (para 1). These medical i...
Operant conditioning, which is called instrumental conditioning; similar to ontogenetic selection (B.F. Skinner), is a type of learning to obtain an achieved behavior as goal-oriented; strengthens behavior through rewards or punishments. These rewards and punishments that control behaviors are antecedents (discriminative stimuli) signaling those consequences. All life forms strive for goal-oriented conditioning The bacterium finds its way, somewhat inefficiently, up a chemical gradient; the dog begs for a bone; the politician reads the polls to guide his campaign (Wikipedia). The examples given are known as ontogenetic selection that is guided by consequences through a lifeform 's life.
The dark history of human experimentation began with the clarification between experimentation and treatment. The larger public began to notice experimenters ethical neglect for their subjects in the early 1960s. Those charged with administering research funding took note of the public furor generated by the exposure of gross abuses in medical research. These included uncontrolled promotional distribution of thalidomide throughout the United States, labeled as an experimental drug; the administration of cancer cells to senile and debilitated patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital; and the uncontrolled distribution of LSD to children at Harvard Medical Center through Professors Alpert and Leary. Most important was Henry Beechers 1966 article in the New England Journal of Medicine, detaili...
This essay will discuss whether it is thought that punishment is effective and whether it is currently thought to work, additionally it will examine the best ways to change a child’s behaviour in terms of positive and negative reinforcements. The issue of child punishment has received considerable critical attention within many cultures. Punishment towards children can be argued to be a very controversial area. It is argued that many people have been brought up with distinctive beliefs about punishments toward a child. A child’s upbringing is argued by many researchers to be key to how they will go on to treat their own children in the future. This can surely be argued to be a negative effect of physical punishment. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of what severe punishment may have on a child. Later convictions of violence and the evidence of damaging effects on well-being, corporal punishment has on children is overwhelming. However, it is not ingrained that corporal punishment is definitely damaging. There is also sufficient evidence to corporal punishment being an effective form of discipline, if used appropriately. It is thought that corporal punishment helps parents retain control over their children’s behaviour. This essay will consider the various forms of punishment, such as physical punishments and whether they are considered to work. This is essay will also consider effective ways of changing a child’s behaviour including the use of classical and operant conditioning and studies that support the theories and how they can be applied to real life. Classical conditioning for example uses learning through association, memory prompts the person to associate an object/ sound to a certain behaviour. ...
The deployment of animals for medical research has brought heated debates from both the proponents and opponents each holding to their views in a tight manner. Those who are in support of animal research argue that it has been constituting a vital element in the advancement of medical sciences throughout the world providing insights to various diseases, which have helped in the discovery and development of various medicines that have brought an improvement in the qualify of living of people. Such discoveries have gone so deep that but for them many would have died a premature death because no cure would have been found for the diseases that they were otherwise suffering. On the other hand, animal lovers and animal right extremists hold to the view that animal experimentation is not only necessary but also Cruel. Human kind is subjecting them to such cruelties because they are helpless and even assuming such experiments do bring in benefits, the inhuman treatment meted out to them is simply not worth such benefits. They would like measures, including enactment of legislations to put an end to using animals by the name of research. This paper takes the view there are merits in either of the arguments and takes the stand a balanced approach needs to be taken on the issue so that both the medical science does not suffer, and the animal lovers are pacified, even if not totally satisfied. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: The next section discusses both the sides by taking account the view of scholars and practitioners and the subsequent section concludes the paper by drawing vital points from the previous section to justify the stand taken in this paper....
The use of community-based punishment has been steadily increasing throughout the Australian justice system, reflecting the new decarceration approach to the penal system. Stanley Cohen (1985) uses the concept of net widening to argue that community based punishment is not effective in reducing imprisonment rates. Cohen would argue that we should not make greater use of community based punishment, however he may support its use if reforms were made. This essay will examine and critically analyse Cohen’s arguments and critiques against the increased use of community-based punishment. The net widening approach will be examined in relation to Australia’s penal system, assessing the effectiveness of community correction orders and the use of case
Lerman, D. C., & Vorndran, C. M. (2002). On the status of knowledge for using punishment: Implications for treating behavior disorders. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 431-464.