Discussion
A theory is an important component of research to help explain the phenomena of interest. However, in the elder abuse literature there are a variety of theories available that have been used from other disciplines similar to elder abuse, such as family violence and/or the criminal justice system. However, theories are still needed that directly relate to the elder abuse topic of interest.
Nature and Types of Theory
The scholarly views on the nature and types of theory are different between scholars. Therefore, one scholarly view on theory is that a theory must fit certain criteria to be considered a good-theory (Wacker, 1998). As a result, a theory should contain four components, which include the definitions of variables, a
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Consequently, the majority of theories used in the field of elder abuse are borrowed from other fields such as criminal justice and domestic violence (Anetzberger, 2012). Therefore, it is essential that a theory can describe or answer basic questions about the phenomena being studied. In addition, a theory should be holistic and have the ability to be integrative to increase its effect (Norris et al., 2013). Furthermore, a theory can allow researchers the ability to gain insight regarding similarities and/or differences in the phenomena (Payne, 2013). Overall, a theory is viewed as a statement of a suspected relationship between and/or among variables (Gelso, 2006). Therefore, some believe theories should tell why the variables are expected to influence or relate to one another (Gelso, 2006). However, there are hypotheses, models, concepts, and paradigms that are different than theories. After all, the primary goal of a theory is to answer questions of when (or where), how, and why (Wacker, 1998). Consequently, the concepts, models, paradigms, and hypotheses may not answer all those questions. The organizational-concept framework used in the Castle (2011) study listed the external, internal, and organizational factors of the study however, no theory was used and it did not answer all the when, how, where, or …show more content…
Therefore, in a quantitative study the theoretical framework is often discussed are the literate review (Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan, 2007). In addition, the theory can be used as a conceptual model that is used as guide for the research study (Coughlan et al., 2007). Therefore, a quantitative research study contributes to theory by building on the theory through empirical observation. On the other hand, qualitative research contributes to theory by developing new theories (Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007). As a result, majority of qualitative research does not test a theory compared to the quantitative research studies. Therefore, qualitative research is often known as grounded theory (Ryan et al., 2007). However, some qualitative research can use theories as a frame for the study. Finally, research contributes to theory by improving the efficiency and reducing errors (Wacker, 1998). Therefore, theory is improved and it enhances the knowledge in the topic area of interest. Overall, research is conducted built on a theory that provides an explanation of the phenomena (Stam, 2009). In the end, theory and research are closely linked together and without the use of a theoretical framework to build the research from it will be difficult to provide an understanding of the research results regarding the
Did you know that, according to the National Institute of Justice website, “There are few reliable national measures of elder abuse. This is partially because there is no uniform reporting system for elder abuse in the U.S.” ("Extent of Elder Abuse Victimization," 2015). It is sad that, in a country as developed as ours, we have no standard way of reporting elder abuse.
"Elder Abuse and Neglect: In Search of Solutions." Http://www.apa.org. American Psychological Association, 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. .
According to Daly, Schmeidel Klein, & Jogerst, (2012), when dealing with abuse issues, nurses need to be aware of reasons why an older person may not want to report abuse and take this into consideration when soliciting information. Then, nurses can provide adequate information and resources to the older adult that may help them deal with the abuse. In addition, since elder abuse is perpetrated by family members, caregivers, and other individuals, the most effective method to eliminate elder abuse is to promote elder abuse awareness in private homes and nurse care setting to education individuals about elder abuse, signs of elder abuse and hence improve their relationship with the older individuals. Patients should also be educated on elder abuse, their civil rights and how to seek help when they experience abuse. Nurses play a huge role in detecting elder-abuse especially during patient assessment. Furthermore, in support of nursing education, Muehlbauer & Crane argues
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
With respect to older women, the issue is that there is a serious lack in differentiating between elder abuse and domestic violence. The discrepancy causes confusion as to what agency to report either volunteered or mandated cases of abuse (Kilbane & Spira, 2010). Furthermore, it is because of reporting errors that victims of abuse may not receive the services that are congruent to the type of abuse (Kilbane & Spira, 2010) indicating, “…a lack of centralized reporting of cases….” (Kilbane & Spira, 2010, p. 165).
Meeks‐Sjostrom, Diana. 2004. “A Comparison of Three Measures of Elder Abuse.” Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Retrieved October 29, 2017
Meadows, R.J., Understanding Violence and Victimization, 5th Edition, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2010. Payne, B. K. and Gainey, R. R. (2006). The Criminal Justice Response to Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes. Retrieved July 27, 2010, from http://wcr.sonoma.edu/v07n3/67.payne/payne.pdf. Woolf, L. M. (1998).
Every American should have the right to live free from the fear of abuse. Unfortunately, that doesn’t always happen. The National Center on Elder Abuse Administration on Aging (NCEA) stated, “In the United States, the 2010 Census recorded the greatest number and proportion of people age 65 and older in all of decennial census history: 40.3 million, or 13% of the total population. This “Boomer Generation” effect will continue for decades”. This suggests that with the population of elders increasing, the abuse of elders will grow much higher. Elder abuse if defined as intentionally causing harm to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or someone they trust. There are five main types of abuse; Physical, sexual, neglect, emotional or psychological
Population ageing is currently one of the most significant demographic trends and becoming a worldwide problem(cite) specially among the elderly who are often the most recognized and forgotten group in this analysis. They are recognized as the ’elder’ the wisest, and perhaps the most knowledgeable about life and its experiences. This population however, is forgotten in terms of the respect and value it once contributed to society. And in today’s world this group is often marginalized because of age. The older they get, the more useless they become in the eyes of society and thus this attitude viewed towards the elderly leads to neglect and abuse. They are therefore excluded from the active participation, and decision making in society. This isolated group is thus discriminated against on the basis of age and gender which can be referred to factors such as ageism and sexism. Nevertheless, these factors not only attribute to elder abuse but are viewed differently within subcultures. Therefore, it is important to examine why elder abuse occurs and what are its consequences in the context of human rights agenda.
The term methods refers to the ways in which researchers collect data to build their argument. All empirical research, regardless of whether it is considered to be qualitative (QUAL), quantitative (QUAN), or both, as in mixed mode research (MMR), include a discussion of research methodology (Schensul, 2008b). Most qualitative research refer to the constituent components of research methodology; guiding paradigms, aspects of research design, definitions of terminology, methods of data collection, and analysis and dissemination. Theory is extremely important in providing the initial arguments for the study, framing its formative conceptual model, and guiding directions in data collection and
In today’s society, especially Long Term Health Care facilities, there has been numerous reports and incidents of elderly neglect and abuse. Although Personal Support workers walk a very thin line between what could be considered neglect and could be considered abuse, there are no rules pertaining to this grey area, which could potentially be the cause of raising incidents.
Elder abuse is by no means a new phenomenon in Ireland. It is amongst a great deal of other abuses in Ireland which is now being more carefully regulated and supervised with new policies in the hope to prevent it in future. In this essay I will discuss the meaning of elder abuse and the types and consequences of it, the improved policies in place to try preventing further abuse of the elderly and also I will evaluate the effectiveness of these policies discussing the good and bad in the policies.
Qualitative analysis uses a cause-of-effects approach to explain its outcomes in which qualitative scholars start with the outcome then look at the causes. Where there are holes in scientific research in which scientists cannot use their theories to explain individual events, qualitative analysis fills the void. However, quantitative analysis focuses on effects-of-causes by looking at the variables and coming to a conclusion. Both qualitative and quantitative intellectuals rephrase research questions to fit their certain criteria to solve, however the way these two methods are approached cause misunderstanding between the two. However, the authors believe that these two methods complement each other and can help further understand a topic if they both are employed. This leads to the possibly of mixed-method
The difference between elderly abuse and child abuse each one is mandated to be reported with different for business being that Bi-State the state is a national state mandated reporting protocol. secondly elder abuse maltreatment because of History of Violence alcohol abuse violence would have been out of control . abuse from the caregiver support anxiety depression stress and low self-esteem with skins from adult children care for the elderly parents availability or the resources and take on the heavy load causing a financial strain attempting to leave the responsible child . as far as reporting child abuse the Division of Family and Children's Services investigates child abuse and finds foster homes for abused and neglected children.
(Burns & Grove 2005:23) Qualitative Research is a primarily exploratory research used to obtain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. Quantitative research method are more systematic because research problem is stated specifically, variables are specified, original set of research goals, arriving at more objective conclusions, testing hypothesis, determining the issues of causality are followed firmly, achieving high levels of reliability of gathered data, eliminating subjectivity of judgment and allowing for longitudinal measures of subsequent performance of research subjects. However, Qualitative research method is unsystematic because changing nature of the context, arriving to different conclusions, difficult to investigate causality, there will be obstacles while explaining the difference in the quality and quantity of information obtained from different respondents and arriving at different, non-consistent conclusions, researchers are required to have a high level of experience, and lacking consistency and