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Literature review on Polio
Partition literature of india
Literature review on Polio
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The novel Cracking India is set in the late 1940’s in Lahore, India. The story takes place during the independence struggle between India and Pakistan. This struggle led to a lot of violence associated with the Partition with the Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. The narrator of Cracking India, is a young 8 year old named Lenny. Lenny is handicapped by polio and she is a member of a religion that is not Hindus, Muslim of Sikh. One of several reasons that Lenny makes a beneficial narrator is because of her age. Lenny is very young and sees the world through innocent eyes. Lenny has a small world that consists only of the people who are immediately around her and this is what is rules her attention. The novel uses this innocence of Lenny’s to …show more content…
This use of manipulation was used to control people of the partition. Lenny being young and innocent, noticed how her Nanny, Ayah attracted many suitors due to her good looks. Lenny observed how Ayah moved about and how other men observed her. Lenny started to see how manipulation can benefit her own need for attention with her disability of having polio. Lenny describes how the manipulation and violence towards women of India was tolerated by the partition. This fear of violence led women to live in fear of being raped or violently killed. In chapter 23, Lenny describes how Ayah was kidnapped and raped. “Four men stand pressed against her, propping her body upright, their lips stretched in triumphant grimaces.” Lenny describes what she saw next. “The last thing I noticed was Ayah, her mouth slack and piteously gaping, her disheveled hair flying into her kidnapper’s faces, staring at us as if she wanted to leave behind her wide-open and terrified …show more content…
The implication of encouraging Partition inside of India began to destroy the innocence of this country. Lenny lived in her beloved India free with all people who were indian until the divide began to partition them and segregate them into classes. Lenny starts to understand how people of all partitions can become so manipulative and divisive in order to destroy one another. Lenny’s loss of innocence begins to emerge as she is manipulated by her longtime friend, Candy-Ice-man, to give up the whereabouts of her Nanny Ayah. “Don’t be scared, Lenny baby,” he says. “I’m here.” Candy-Ice-man puts his arm around Lenny and whispers to her. “I’ll protect Ayah with my life! You know I will….I know she’s here. Where is she?” Lenny responds knowing that she has betrayed Ayah. “On the roof—or in one of the godowns…” Lenny realizes that she has made a fateful decision to give up the hiding of Ayah so that Candy-Ice-man can take her away from her family. Lenny was further exposed to the violence within her own world because she was manipulated into losing her beloved friend and Nanny, Ayah. This had a profound effect on Lenny’s view of the world around her due to betraying Ayah for the differences in religious between the Muslims and Sikhs. Lenny understood that Ayah would be tortured and/or raped by
Boo’s story begins in Annawadi, a trash-strewn slum located by the Mumbai International Airport. This “sumpy plug of slum” had a population of three thousand people living within 335 huts (Boo, 2011, xi). The land owned by the Airport Authority of India and was surrounded by five hotels that Abdul’s younger brother described as “roses” versus their slum, “the shit in between” (Boo, 2011, xi). Abdul is a Muslim teenage who buys garbage of the rich and sells it to recyclers to support his family. Abdul’s family, Muslim, is a religious minority in the slum of Hindus; in fact a major element of tension within the book can be distilled to these Hindu-Muslim tensions. This difference in religion makes Abdul fearful of his neighbors for two reasons: (1) they would attempt to steal the family’s wealth, and (2) if Abdul were caught, he would not be able to support his family. The other major character was Fatima, a woman who burned herself by attempting suicide through self-immolation. She accused Abdul, his father, and sister of beating and threatening her; in India, it is against the law to convince someone else to kill him or herself. With a corruption-ridden legal sys...
When discussing the controversial authors of Indian literature, one name should come to mind before any other. Salman Rushdie, who is best known for writing the book “Midnights Children.” The first two chapters of “Midnights Children” are known as “The Perforated Sheet”. In “The Perforated Sheet” Rushdie utilizes magic realism as a literary device to link significant events and their effects on the lives of Saleem’s family to a changing India. In fact, it is in the beginning of the story that the reader is first exposed to Rushdie’s use of magic realism when being introduced to Saleem. “On the stroke of midnight/clocks joined palms” and “the instant of India’s arrival at independence. I tumbled forth into the world”(1711). Rushdie’s description of the clocks “joining palms” and explanation of India’s newfound independence is meant to make the reader understand the significance of Saleem’s birth. The supernatural action of the clocks joining palms is meant to instill wonder, while independence accentuates the significance of the beginning of a new era. Rushdie also utilizes magic realism as an unnatural narrative several times within the story to show the cultural significance of events that take place in the story in an abnormal way.
Solitude and consequent feelings of displacement is a prominent problem experienced by immigrants is beautifully depicted with the help of the character Ashima Ganguly. The issue of acute lonliness of exile is portrayed elaborately when we come know that Ashima ganguly is pregnant and expected her baby in a couple of weeks. She is hospitalized butthere is no one to give her company. Ashima reflectsthat had it been in Indiashe would have been surrounded by her big family. Lying in the hospital, she remembers when the Gangulis were boarding the plane to the United State, twenty six of her family membersactually came to the airport to bid her good bye. The novel vividly captures the emotional crises of Ashima ganguly:
In the film, “Slumdog Millionaire” showed the world how India is a society that is filled with violence and abuse. Slumdog Millionaire exposes the tragic effects of poverty in many different cities of India. The film talks about a Mumbai boy, Jamal, who grew up in the slums that became a contestant on “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?” During the contest, Jamal were arrested under suspicion of cheating. Jamal was being interrogated by the police, and revealed events from his life history to explain why he knew the answers on “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?”
The story Q & A, written by Vikas Swarup, illustrates the lives of those in the slums of India and how those living there experience life. The novel recites the unimaginable journey of a slum dog who becomes a billionaire. Throughout the rags to riches story of Ram Mohammed Thomas, he is presented with several catalysts which change his life.
In Urvashi Butalia’s book, The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India, she interviewed multiple people, specifically women, who lived through the horrific Partition of India. One significant woman who Butalia interviewed was Damyanti Sahgal. Butalia wrote that, along with being a victim of violence caused by the Partition, Damyanti later “worked for many years in the Indian State’s recovery and relief operation” (91). Damyanti’s detailed account offered significant insight into the true nature of the Central Recovery Operation. As Butalia described the broad account of what happened to women with statistics and general knowledge, Damyanti provided a first-hand account that truly illuminates the severity of the “recovery”
Thrown into circumstances not yet prepared for, Yehuda, his older sister Lala, and his mother, overcame many life threatening situations after Yehuda’s father was executed. Prior to the war, Nir’s father was a well-to-do business man, who provided greatly for his family. They were often seen as a true symbol of the Jewish wealth in Poland. This symbol became a target in 1939 as German, anti-Jewish, Nazi’s invaded Poland to start the beginning of World War II. “Going from a well-to-do family to refugees in the matter on a couple days was a disturbing change” (Nir 14). These changes would become the norm as the family was moved into a new apartment, sharing it with a German official. A week after the war started, a group of Nazi’s raided Jewish homes, taking Jewish men. Yehuda’s father said goodbye, naïve to what was happening. Yeahuda secretly followed the Nazi’s and watched as the hand-cuffed men, his own father and uncle among them, were shot down in the woods outside the city. Stunned, and unable to comprehend, Nir retrieved back to his home to share the news with his mother and sister. “My Mother became the backbone of the family; A role she would maintain throughout much of the war. I sensed an attitude of determination in her; an attitude that would help us to make quick decisions, decisions that our lives depended on” (Nir 12). As things got
... Pakistan to surrender during the Indo-Pakistani War helped the Bengalis establish a sovereign state for themselves. The distribution of the racist pamphlets against the minorities showed Shiv Sena's chauvinistic and fascist regime. Indira Gandhi's corrupt government, socialist regime and her controversial scandals such as giving her son's company government money and the 1971 Nagarwala scandal were also revealed. All of these political events influenced the background of the novel and the characters’ everyday lives. .
The measured dialogue between Reader and Editor serves as the framework through which Gandhi seeks to discredit accepted terms of civilization and denounce the English. These principle characters amply assist in the development o...
Silver, Brenda R. “Periphrasis, Power, and Rape in ‘A Passage to India.’” NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 22.1 (1988): 86-105. JSTOR. Web. 4 Mar. 2011. .
In the novel, parental absence escalates sibling conflict, which leads to the characters escapement, ultimately resulting in Bim’s anger. While some readers may think that Clear Light of Day just represents a single family’s struggle, the novel clearly represents India’s struggle as well. India’s independence from Britain consequently leads to the formation of Pakistan and continual religious and political conflict. This novel is an allegory that explains political combat in an accessible way because everyone is part of a family. This novel not only models the reasons for conflict in India but for other nations and even families as well.
... and inverts this fear and disgrace of Rape towards her exploiters. She prefers the way of resisting instead of remain silent. She shows no trace of shame on her face, instead, her oppressors felt ashamed.
The education system in India is based on forced learning that kills student’s spirit and zest of learning. In the film “Like Stars on Earth,” we look specifically at the draw backed role played by parents and teacher in Indian education system. We follow the story of a dyslexic Indian boy, Ishaan, who always had trouble coping with his studies, but in the end with the help of an understanding teacher he is able to study normally and catch up with his peers. We will analyze this film using the concepts from Practices of Looking to explain our thesis. Eddie will cover the concepts of encoding and the ideology surrounding Indian education; Kiranjot Singh will explain the concepts of punctum, negotiated reading and producer’s intended meaning;
Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut, sailing via the Cape of Good Hope in 1498. This marked the beginning of
Urvashi Butalia in her book, The Other Side of Silence, attempts to analyze the partition in Indian society, through an oral history of Indian experiences. The collection of traumatic events from those people who lived through the partition gives insight on how history has enveloped these silences decades later. Furthermore, the movie 1947 Earth reveals the bitterness of partition and its effect of violence on certain characters. The most intriguing character which elucidates the silence of the partition is the child, Lenny. Lenny in particular the narrator of the story, serves as a medium to the intangibility created by the partition. The intangibility being love and violence, how can people who grew up together to love each other hate one another amidst religion? This question is best depicted through the innocence of a child, Lenny. Through her interactions with her friends, the doll, and the Lahore Park, we see silence elucidated as comfort of not knowing, or the pain from the separation of comfort and silence from an unspoken truth.