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Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender and roles of women in literature
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Men may be stronger, but women are emotionally more durable than men. They are the backbone of the household, holding a family together and taking care of everyone, sometimes at the expense of their own wellbeing. This is seen in Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, in the character of Linda. Miller shows the role of women and wives play during this time in America, and shows Linda as the mother and wife, very rarely directly showing her as her own person. Women’s roles were changing in the 1940’s after the war. During the war they held jobs, but after the war they went back home, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the kids while men held jobs. The idea of women staying home while the men worked was hard for the Loman family …show more content…
She takes care of the men, and when she tries to do something good, like saving money by mending socks, she is yelled at, ”I won’t have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out” (Miller 39). Linda is only there to listen to the men and do their bidding, offering comfort to them, “You’re my foundation and my support, Linda” (Miller 18), but never to herself until the end of the play, “Biff lifts her to her feet and moves out up right with her in his arms. Linda sobs quietly” (Miller 139). The general idea of this time for women is that they are after their husbands, that their needs should be met last. Linda is the ideal mother and wife, putting her family before her, but in this she lacked the ability to take care of herself and her mental health, which was most likely very damaged by Willy trying and eventually succeeding to kill himself, “Forgive me dear. I can't cry. I don't know what it is, but I can’t cry” (Miller
“At the war’s end, even though a majority of women surveyed reported wanted to keep their jobs, many were forced out by men returning home and by the downturn in demand for war materials… The nation that needed their help in
Death of a Salesman Within the drama, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the Lowman family is presented within the post war economy trying to achieve the American Dream. The father, Willy Lowman, represents a well-off salesman that demonstrates a persistent husband and father figure throughout the late 1940s and early 1950’s. Throughout this piece, Willy desires for his two sons, Biff and Happy, to follow in his footsteps as a salesman and to represent themselves throughout the economic decline. Throughout the storyline, Miller demonstrates the theme of success and failure, the representation of a tragic hero and the symbolism of seeds.
Before the war, women stayed home to take care of the family, but the war forced many to go to work. Women finally tasted the sweet...
For the first time women were working in the industries of America. As husbands and fathers, sons and brothers shipped out to fight in Europe and the Pacific, millions of women marched into factories, offices, and military bases to work in paying jobs and in roles reserved for men in peacetime. Women were making a living that was not comparable to anything they had seen before. They were dependent on themselves; for once they could support the household. Most of the work in industry was related to the war, such as radios for airplanes and shells for guns. Peggy Terry, a young woman who worked at a shell-loading plant in Kentucky, tells of the money that was to be made from industrial work (108). “We made a fabulous sum of thirty-two dollars a week. To us that was an absolute miracle. Before that, we made nothing (108)." Sarah Killingsworth worked in a defense plant. " All I wanted to do was get in the factory, because they were payin more than what I'd been makin. Which was forty dollars a week, which was pretty good considering I'd been makin about twenty dollars a week. When I left Tennessee I was only makin two-fifty a week, so that was quite a jump (114)." Terry had never been able to provide for herself as she was able to during the war. " Now we'd have money to buy shoes and a dress and pay rent and get some food on the table. We were just happy to have work (108).” These women exemplify the turn around from the peacetime to wartime atmosphere on the home front. The depression had repressed them to poverty like living conditions. The war had enabled them to have what would be luxury as compared to life before.
When American officially entered World War II in 1941 changes occurred for many people. The draft was enacted forcing men to do their duty and fight for their country. Women were asked to hold down the home front in many ways, ranging from rationing, volunteering, saving bacon grease and making the most of their commodities they currently had. There was also a hard push for women to take war production jobs outside the home. Before the depression, just a few years before the war, it was not uncommon for a woman to work for wages, but as the depression set in, married women were at risk of losing their jobs. Numerous women were fired or asked to resign in order to make room for a man who had lost his job. Many citizens felt it was unfair for a family to have two wage earners when some families had none. (Kessler-Harris) Previously, the average workforce of women was young and single. However, when the war started, couples were married at a younger age, putting the typical worker in short supply. This led to a rapid increase in older married women going to work outside the home. “During the depression, 80 percent of Americans objected to wives working outside the home, by 1942, only 13 percent still objected.” (May) By the end of the war, 25 percent of married women were employed. (May) Although women had worked outside the home prior to World War II, their entrance into the war production labor force created change in the typical gender roles and provided an exciting and yet difficult time for many women who were gaining their independence.
In a lot of stories and plays, there is a character that causes dysfunction. In the play, Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, Linda Loman is the classic enabler who indirectly causes the dysfunction in the Loman household. She seems like the definition of a good wife, but she sets her husband up for failure, and does nothing to help him out. This is why Linda Loman is the classic enabler of all the dysfunction in the house.
This also show that Linda loved her husband more than anything, she would do anything to protect his pride including not telling Willy that she knows he had been trying to commit suicide. Everything Linda di is to protect Willy pride and face, and not letting any of her son
Linda blames everyone but Willy for his insanity, including their son Biff. Linda is so loyal to Willy at the beginning of the play that she is willing to throw her own son under the bus if it means defending Willy. Linda states that Willy only becomes distraught when Biff is around because Happy has disappointed his father so much. Biff views his mother as very fragile but still respects her as the lady of the house. He comments on how grey her hair has gotten, adding to her frail image. Linda is a pacifist who is unable to defend herself. Linda is never seen anywhere other than the house in the play, adding to the “homemaker” idea of this time period. She is always waiting for Willy when he gets home and dutifully keeps the house in order. She is constantly folding laundry or cooking, stereotypical woman ideals. When she buys a new type of cheese, Willy gets honestly angry with her because he does not like change and this
Hartmann, Susan M. The Home Front and Beyond: American women in the 1940s. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1982
However, when the war was over, and the men returned to their lives, society reverted back to as it had been not before the 1940s, but well before the 1900s. Women were expected to do nothing but please their husband. Women were not meant to have jobs or worry about anything that was occurrin...
Women were not only separated by class, but also by their gender. No woman was equal to a man and didn’t matter how rich or poor they were. They were not equal to men. Women couldn’t vote own business or property and were not allowed to have custody of their children unless they had permission from their husband first. Women’s roles changed instantly because of the war. They had to pick up all the jobs that the men had no choice but to leave behind. They were expected to work and take care of their homes and children as well. Working outside the home was a challenge for these women even though the women probably appreciated being able to provide for their families. “They faced shortages of basic goods, lack of childcare and medical care, little training, and resistance from men who felt they should stay home.” (p 434)
Linda Loman, the wife of Willy Loman and basis her life of the single to always protect Willy and be there for him at all times. Willy is rude, short tempered and an often lash out at Linda even when what he is saying is irrational. Linda unfortunately, loves Willy so much that she is literally blinded by love, to a point where she is oblivious of the fact that he has a mistress, his poor financial means and that he lost his job. Her lack of knowledge is one the reason why continuously supports Willy through thick and thin. Fear is another reason that drives Linda to act the way she does. Willy’s aggressive behavior and suicidal attempts have scarred Linda to a so she baby’s him. Linda even kicked out her son’s Biff and Happy because they stood up to him and called him out when he was out of line which upset and frustrated Willy. Biff and Happy had the tendency to upset Willy and Linda could not let that happen. Linda Loman is willing to be yelled at, stepped out and cheated on just so she and Willy can continue being together. She
In the Death of a Salesman which main character seems most likely to be the classic enabler that tends to lead the family in its dysfunctional family dynamics? It has to be Linda Loman the wife of Willy Loman the highly respected “New England’s salesman” and mother to two sons Biffy, And Happy Loman. In the book there is an enabler for the family’s problems that seems to cause the conflicts between the family members that enabler is Linda Loman.
On numerous occasions throughout the play, Linda is deceitful and does not face the reality of the situation at hand. She makes excuses for Willy in an effort to not belittle him and hurt his, already deteriorating, mental state, acts clueless towards things that she knows Willy is doing, or has done, behind her back, and does not tell Willy that she is worried about him. All Linda
In every war the women had stepped up to try to help the men who were off to fight, but the more agrarian societies of the revolution, the War of 1812, the Civil War, and even World War I meant that most stepped up to do the work on the farm. In World War II, it was just as likely that the wives and mothers were stepping up to take a place in a factory as in the fields. While America was still primarily agrarian, the factories needed for warfare had brought the women to take their husband’s and son’s and boyfriend’s places. And while some women followed their husbands to the battlefront in the Civil War, and a few even enlisted as men, World War II brought a whole new experience as a huge war machine needed the men at the fronts for ...