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Constructivism cognitivism
D. Compare behaviorism and cognitivism
Constructivism cognitivism
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In deciding if a social approach is a process of how one learns I must first ask how learning is broken down. In the Yilmaz article, they argued that learning is broken into 3 categories Cognitivism, Behaviorism, and Constructivism. They argued that behaviorist focused more on teacher-centered instruction, while Cognitive and constructivism focus more on the individual. Which is why they started a pushing for learning to be cognitive and constructive because it focuses on how a person acquires and stores knowledge. I agree that to understand how a person learns there must be more attention put into how the individual learns. As a product of American school system, I noticed that our education system will try to lump us all together even when …show more content…
As stated "theories of learning are based on the premise that learners construct meanings in their minds and integrate new knowledge into their mental constructs." They broke it into two categories social and cognitive. Cognitive approaches learning from the individual. Social approaches learning from social environment and the learners' participation. I agree that cognitive and social constructivism is how a person learns. But for the purpose of this paper, I would argue that a person depends heavily on learning socially before they can take a cognitive approach to learning. I say this because there are very few times that I can remember that I learned something on my own without any interference from others. For example, When I was 7 years old, I taught myself how to skate. I didn't have a teacher physically teach me how to skate, but I watched others skate and how they kept balanced and mimicked their movement. This can be considered a cognitive approach because I didn't have a physical person show me how to skate, but I consider it a social approach because I learned based off of watching others. It's the same way a baby learns how to speak and walk. Unbeknownst to them they are studying and watching their surroundings and reacting to it. They are hearing and watching their mother or guardian talk and move and attempts to mimics it. This is the reason why I think a cognitive approach to learning is dependent on social approach because if we take a baby out of the environment of social interactions and put them in isolation would they still be able to talk and walk? I personally don't think so because I think social constructivism is emphasized in early development stage because of the importance of an infant developing a relationship with
Social pedagogy is an approach to caring for children which combines education and care, emphasising that bringing up children is the shared responsibility of parents and society. A key principle is that the child is in charge of his/her own life, and the social pedagogue works alongside them.
John Wayne Gacy was a U.S. serial killer who was found guilty of killing 33 boys and young men (McCormick, 1998). Gacy was born on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois (Sullivan, 2013). John Wayne Gacy had two sisters, Joanne and Karen and had a difficult relationship with his father. His father was an auto repair machanic and World War I veteran (Jones, 2012). Whenever his father came home from work, he would go to the basement and drink. His father was an alcoholic and used physical punishment on all of his children (Jones, 2012). He would even beat the children with a razor strap if they misbehaved (Sullivan, 2013). Gacy’s mother tried her best to protect the children, but Gacy’s father physically assaulted her as well (Jones, 2012). Additionally,
Social pedagogy is a humanistic framework to support development. It refers to a holistic approach to the needs of the child through health, school, family and spiritual life, leisure activities and the community.
“If you look back to the original social learning theory, you find it is largely about people learning from each other, and it shows how technology is not part of the equation. Social learning theory has four elements,
What are theories of crime? Why are they important? In this paper, will discuss two crime theories. Social learning theory and the labeling theory. We will compare both crime theories. It will also explain how these theories are related to specific crimes. The two theories discussed will also explain the policy implications. Finally, we will address what types of programs can be created to mitigate specific crimes related to the causation theories.
The social learning theory “states that behavior is learned from the environment through observational learning” (McLeod, 2011). For instance, I saw my mom getting ready for church and eventually I noticed that she put her hair in a ponytail only on Sundays. Furthermore, after seeing her do this so many times I began doing the same thing on Sundays. As a child, I observed her every move and I wanted to imitate her behavior. Through observational learning, I learned what was socially acceptable by watching my mother’s
Watching a young child grow from infancy to toddler hood, we marvel at the amount of learning that has allowed her to understand her expanding environment. Those early years provide the basis for language, physical dexterity, social understanding, and emotional development that she will use for the rest of her life. All of this knowledge is acquired before she even sets foot in school! This child has taught herself by gathering information and experiencing the world around her. This is an example of constructivism. Constructivism emphasizes the importance of the knowledge, beliefs, and skills an individual brings to the experience of learning. It recognizes the construction of new understanding as a combination of prior learning, new information, and readiness to learn. Individuals make choices about what new ideas to accept and how to fit then into their established views of the world (Brooks & Brooks, 1995).
The first theory examined is Albert Bandura’s social cognitive/learning theory. A child does not automatically know how to perceive their environment but they can learn about the world around them and how to manipulate their surroundings by observing people around them. According to Bandura (2002), “Viewed from the sociocognitive perspective, human nature is characterised [sic] by a vast potentiality that can be fashioned by direct and vicarious experience into a variety of forms within biological limits” (pp. 271-272). Although a large amount of learning from watching other people happens in childhood, a person can acquire new skills or knowledge at any point in their life with the help of other people.
This theory helps to bridge the gap between what a child already knows and the new things are being taught. This theory is “about how we learn and the thinking process, rather than about how a student can memorize and recite a quantity of information” (Liu & Chen, 2010, p. 65). It also helps “children to ask their own questions” (Naylor & Keogh, 1999, p. 101) and is a way “for children to apply their ideas in a new situation” (Naylor & Keogh, 1999, p. 101). After all, when children ask questions this is how they learn. We should, and I will, always encourage my students to ask questions on anything and everything. This theory is very non-structured in what the teacher teaches a student to learn, not only in the classroom setting, but in the real world. This “theory of constructivism says children are actively engaged at something new and innovative” (Ramesh, 2013, p. 62). When you talk about something in their life it makes them feel very important and like you, as their teacher, actually care about their interests. Children not only acquire knowledge…but also their learning is affirmed when they practice it whatever they have learned” (Ramesh, 2013, p. 62). The students then are able to solve problems for themselves. Using this theory helps to strengthen a students learning. Let us say, for example, there is a class full of student’s and half of them have a learning disability and half of them do not, this theory would be effective, because the half that have the disability do not learn the say way as the ones that do not. So, each child is able to learn; at their own speed, their own level, and it encourages them to ask the questions that they need help
Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory is focused on the belief that development precedes learning, specifically upon individual development of one’s knowledge through independent learning and experiences (Lourenco, 2012). Piaget’s theory discusses how an individual’s surroundings affect their development resulting in a series of changes in the understandings of their environment.
I found that when I reflected on my learning process that I incorporated the most elements from constructivism than any other learning theory. I used elements from cognitive constructivism, social constructivism, and critical constructivism. I used the zone of proximal development, part of cognitive constructivism to help me learn because I watched and learned how to long board by having someone who knew how to and was able to show me and guide me throughout the process. For example, Eddie would tell me how to do it, and help me stay balanced on the board until I was comfortable enough to try on my own. An aspect of social constructivism that I used was informal learning. We practiced outside my dorm on a strip of sidewalk that I normally wouldn’t associate with education. It helped me to practice outside because it was a new environment and it was probably safer than practicing long boarding down a hallway. The last aspect of constructivism I used was thinking of the social consequences that would occur if I didn’t learn how to long board or if I fell off the long board. Since we were outside, people were constantly walking by us and could obviously see us. This means that if I fell or gave up, then other people would know and could judge me, as I know I would have judged or pitied others attempting the same task. Because I didn’t want to be judged or pitied I made myself practice until I looked semi graceful while long boarding, and didn’t fall as
In a social constructivist view on learning the brain is a complex, flexible, ever changing organism that reshapes itself in response to challenge (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). Constructivism view is that knowledge is obtained and understood through a student’s mental framework (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). Learning is not a passive process but it is a deliberate and progressive process that deepens meaning (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). The student does not only reply on a teachers lectures but also on their interactions with the environment around them (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). In this view it is important that the teacher sees the student as the centre of teaching endeavours, by assisting them to obtain information they can integrate into their already known knowledge. There are many ways that a teacher can assist their students, one example is Scaffolding. Scaffolding is where a teacher provides students with just enough help in order to complete the tasks themselves, then over time decreasing the amount of help so that a student can master this themselves.
Constructivism is a method that says students learn by building their schema by adding to their prior knowledge by the use of scaffolding (Rhinehart Neas). Because the students are basically teaching themselves new information, the teacher is there mainly for support and guidance for the students.
Vygotsky theorized that interaction and language are two central factors in cognitive development (Corpus & Lucas, 2010). (Beriones, 2010) emphasized that effective learning happens through participation in social activities, making the social context of learning crucial. Parents, teachers and other adults in the learner’s environment all contribute to the process. When children with special needs are given an environment that is conducive to learning, they too will become fruitful members of the community. In addition, Lev Vygotsky Socio-Cultural Theory states that students’ learning could be more effective if it is provided with support or scaffold. Information processing theory supplies the scaffold theory which is also a cognitive theoretical framework that focuses on how knowledge enters and is stored and retrieved from our memory. Cognitive psychologist believed that processes influence the nature of what is learned. They considered learning as largely an internal process, not an external behavior change. They looked into how learners receive, perceive, store and retrieve
There are many specific aspects of constructivism when relating it to the classroom and the learner, at whatever age. As mentioned before, the social aspect of constructivism is important in the classroom. The socialization and interaction are an essential part of the classroom. It is in a constructivism classroom where a child can use his or her social activity to be influenced or influence other students’ beliefs and values.