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Feminist research essays
Feminist theory on the yellow wallpaper
Feminist literary analysis essay
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman first handily witnessed the need for Feminism in a male dominated so society. Gilman, like many other women was forced to live uphold certain standards. She was lumped in with the stereotypical category of simply being a woman. In the story, The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman demonstrates the way women are treated in society , the effect that stereotypes and standards can have on a person and points out the divide in culture through her main character the narrator,John’s wife, and the yellow wallpaper.
In the story he is the first character and one of the only characters called by name is John. John is the narrator’s husband, but the narrator’s name is never really told. The story doesn’t reveal much about John except that “ John is a Physician” (Gilman 1). The name John usually can represent an unknown man. In the story, John is only known for really how he treats the narrator, his wife, and his profession. His wife however is not even known by a name. Gilman shows the divide in genders. There is less known for John’s character, yet he is the one with the
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name. Gilman points out how there was a divide in society and men, even without a true name are still known by something. Women however are not known by their names like the narrator was in the story she was only known by being John’s wife. During the day, John controlled what the narrator did. She was forced to live up to John’s standard. John tells her “ that she must take her of herself for his sake”(4) not for her own well being. John belittles her by calling her “little blessed goose” (2) and “little girl”(5) She mainly sleeps during the day and roams during the night when John is asleep. When it is night women are not held to any standards or responsibilities. That is when the narrator feels the most free. At night “ I kept still and watched the the moonlight on the undulating wall-paper…” (5) this begins to show her nightly fascination. At night when she is free and comes to realization that she is living under false pretences like when she see women living behind bars in the wall paper. Yellow is normally a color that relates to something good or a realization of something like a bright idea.
Gilman actually denies the first relation of yellow being a color relating to goodness. She says things such as “the color is replent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by sunlight.” (2). Gilman uses the narrator to say “ They must have had perseverance as well as hatred” toward the wall paper meaning it was absolutely terrible. The yellow wallpaper stood for the divide in society. The woman trapped in the woman was a symbol for all woman inducing the narrator being trapped within the standards. The narrator begins to this divide at the end and take ownership instead of doing something because “ John says“ (4) The narrator tears down the wall paper at the end of the story also tearing down the gender divide between her and
John. In the end we see the narrator lose all sanity. The narrator begins to see a woman in the Wallpaper. Throughout the story she had live up to whatever John said but at the very end John is no longer conscious. The narrator literally loses the thing or person she was living for and without that she becomes insane. She wanted to break free from the bonds or stereotypes and standards yet in the process loses her sanity trying to escape. In the story Gilman point out the flaws in what a male dominated world is like. She also shows what effect stereotyping and forcing someone to live a certain way can do to their lives.
Quawas tells how there is a “sharp contrast between male and female nature.” Quawas reveals that Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s true purpose is to fight for women’s rights and equality, instead of being seen as just an object to nurture the children and do the chores at home. Quawas suggests that since Charlotte Perkins Gilman cares so deeply about presenting the deeply hurtful ways women can be treated like because she lived through the era of the women being the stay-at-home-smiling-trophy-wives and got to witness the incline of women’s rights movements and the empowerment of women. Quawas says that “The Yellow Wallpaper is a particularly interesting and rich example of her audacious and defiant writing.” she says this because The Yellow Wallpaper explores the feminine rebellion against the “rest cure”. Though the narrator’s doctor husband believes in the “rest cure”, the narrator steadily makes efforts to express herself in private, such as through her journal entries. Historically the author of the yellow wallpaper went through the oppression of women and the rise of empowerment of women. She got to witness both, which allows for the inference of women empowerment being hidden throughout the yellow
"The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, depicts a woman in isolation, struggling to cope with mental illness, which has been diagnosed by her husband, a physician. Going beyond this surface level, the reader sees the narrator as a developing feminist, struggling with the societal values of the time. As a woman writer in the late nineteenth century, Gilman herself felt the adverse effects of the male-centric society, and consequently, placed many allusions to her own personal struggles as a feminist in her writing. Throughout the story, the narrator undergoes a psychological journey that correlates with the advancement of her mental condition. The restrictions which society places on her as a woman have a worsening effect on her until illness progresses into hysteria. The narrator makes comments and observations that demonstrate her will to overcome the oppression of the male dominant society. The conflict between her views and those of the society can be seen in the way she interacts physically, mentally, and emotionally with the three most prominent aspects of her life: her husband, John, the yellow wallpaper in her room, and her illness, "temporary nervous depression." In the end, her illness becomes a method of coping with the injustices forced upon her as a woman. As the reader delves into the narrative, a progression can be seen from the normality the narrator displays early in the passage, to the insanity she demonstrates near the conclusion.
The ideas expressed by Gilman are femininity, socialization, individuality and freedom in the short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Gilman uses these ideas to help readers understand what women lost during the 1900’s. She also let her readers understand how her character Jane escaped the wrath of her husband. She uses her own mind over the matter. She expresses these ideas in the form of the character Jane. Gilman uses an assortment of ways to convey how women and men of the 1900’s have rules pertaining to their marriages. Women are the homemakers while the husbands are the breadwinners. Men treated women as objects, as a result not giving them their own sound mind.
“The Yellow Wallpaper” is set in the 18th century, and this specific time era helps substantiate Gilman’s view. During the 18th century women did not have a lot of rights and were often considered a lesser being to man. Women often had their opinions
In “the Yellow Wallpaper,” Gilman used that the first feminist wave, which was the period that she raised up, for the background. Especially, she used the men’s power in the book when she started to telling the story:
“The Yellow Wallpaper” contains many symbols in which Charlotte Perkins Gilman develops the idea that society at the time of the story presumed certain things “proper” - without knowing that they were indeed harmful. In the 19th century, women had no power, worth, or opportunities, and that could have been enough to drive woman of the time, including the narrator, into madness. Women were involved in the workforce, could not vote, or have a voice in anything. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wanted to change the way in which women were viewed in the 19th century. In “The Yellow Wallpaper”, she uses numerous symbols to show the many restrictions upon women, lack of public interaction, and the struggle for equality.
Hidden away in her husband’s interpretation of care, the unnamed protagonist of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper is the embodiment of the struggles faced by women in 19th century America who are seeking freedom of thought from their male counterparts. Presented as, and widely seen and accepted as, a psychological horror or thriller story, it is apparent from a feminist point of view that it is a depiction of the state of women in the 19th century, and perhaps even of the author, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, who herself struggled living in a society run by males. This theme is made clear through the strength of John (the protagonist’s husband) as a character, the thoughts and writing of the unnamed narrator within her secret journal,
Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a 19th century, journalist from Connecticut. She was also a feminist. Gilman was not conservative when it came to expressing her views publically. Many of her published works openly expressed her thoughts on woman’s rights. She also broke through social norms when she chose to write her short story, “The Yellow Wallpaper” in 1892, which described her battle with mental illness. These literary breakthroughs, made by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, help us see that the 19th century was a time of change for women.
Advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men, Charlotte Perkins Gilman speaks to the “female condition” in her 1892 short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”, by writing about the life of a woman and what caused her to lose her sanity. The narrator goes crazy due partially to her prescribed role as a woman in 1892 being severely limited. One example is her being forbidden by her husband to “work” which includes working and writing. This restricts her from begin able to express how she truly feels. While she is forbidden to work her husband on the other hand is still able to do his job as a physician. This makes the narrator inferior to her husband and males in general. The narrator is unable to be who she wants, do what she wants, and say what she wants without her husband’s permission. This causes the narrator to feel trapped and have no way out, except through the yellow wallpaper in the bedroom.
"The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, tells the story of a woman's descent into madness as a result of the "rest and ignore the problem cure" that is frequently prescribed to cure hysteria and nervous conditions in women. More importantly, the story is about control and attacks the role of women in society. The narrator of the story is symbolic for all women in the late 1800s, a prisoner of a confining society. Women are expected to bear children, keep house and do only as they are told. Since men are privileged enough to have education, they hold jobs and make all the decisions. Thus, women are cast into the prison of acquiescence because they live in a world dominated by men. Since men suppress women, John, the narrator's husband, is presumed to have control over the protagonist. Gilman, however, suggests otherwise. She implies that it is a combination of society's control as well as the woman's personal weakness that contribute to the suppression of women. These two factors result in the woman's inability to make her own decisions and voice opposition to men.
The woman behind this work of literature portrays the role of women in the society during that period of time. "The Yellow Wallpaper" written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a well written story describing a woman who suffers from insanity and how she struggles to express her own thoughts and feelings. The author uses her own experience to criticize male domination of women during the nineteenth century. Although the story was written fifty years ago, "The Yellow Wallpaper" still brings a clear message how powerless women were during that time.
According to The Norton Anthropology of American Literature, " Charlotte Perkins Gilman lived her life, for the most part, on the margins of a society whose economic assumptions about and social definitions of women she vigorously repudiated" (Gilman 790). "The Yellow Wallpaper" has to some extent an amount of relation to Gilman 's life with embellishments related to the issue of men supremacy over woman and women trying to live up to their social expectation with their wife- mother role. Although there is a slight relation between Gilman and the main character, we cannot assume the unnamed character is Gilman herself. Critic Ann J. Lane commented that Gilman offered "vivid dramatization of the social ills that result from a competitive economic system in which women are subordinate to men and accept their subornation" (Gilman 791). Gilman was successful in implying her beliefs on this issue through the anonymous character from her short story "The Yellow
Discrimination is a common conception that is widely spread out due to the sad occurrence of gender segregation. Many have implemented similar frustrated feelings toward this subject in works of art and literature. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the author behind the well-known short story The Yellow Wallpaper, faced similar problems of that of the main character in her short story. The narrator in the story finds herself in an uncomfortable state of problems. In The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman the narrator faces a physical conflict with her husband, and a mental conflict with The Wallpaper, but these conflicts eventually lead to a solution to the story.
"The Yellow Wallpaper" motivated the female mind of creativity and mental strength through a patriarchal order of created gender roles and male power during the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century. While John represented characteristics of a typical male of his time, the yellow wallpaper represented a controlling patriarchal society; a sin of inequality that a righteous traitor needed to challenge and win. As the wallpaper deteriorates, so does the suppressing effect that male hierarchy imposed on women. Male belief in their own hierarchy was not deteriorating. Females began to think out of line, be aware of their suppression, and fight patriarchal rule. The progression of the yellow wallpaper and the narrator, through out the story, leads to a small win over John. This clearly represents and motivates the first steps of a feminist movement into the twentieth century.
"The Yellow Wallpaper" is a fictionalized account of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's own postpartum depression. Gilman was a social critic and feminist who wrote prolifically about the necessity of social and sexual equality, particularly about women's need for economic independence. According to critic Valarie Gill,