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Nature of colonialism in Africa
Imperialism On The African Continent
Nature of colonialism in Africa
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The world after World War II resulted in a period of time where the colonized countries wanted to revolt in order to gain their independence again. Every country had their own way of dealing with the foreign forces in their home country. Some people, like Frantz Fanon, believed that the only way to resolve the presence of strangers was to be violent against them like they were towards the native people but others such as Jamaica Kincaid and Mohandas Gandhi did not agree with violence as a solution. Frantz Fanon wrote The Wretched of the Earth to convince people dealing with imperialism that violence was needed to free colonized peoples. He said “the extraordinary importance of this change is that it is willed, called for, demanded” (Fanon 423). He is saying to people that if they want to make their suffering end, they have to …show more content…
Gandhi said “only on condition of our demands being fully satisfied may you remain in India; and if you remain under those conditions, we shall learn several things from you and you will learn many from us” (Gandhi 410). Gandhi believed that it was possible to have peace between the two opposing cultures by being willing to learn and understand each other. He was one of the biggest influences on ending the brutal relationship between Indians and the English, but he did not believe that violence was necessary mean. Fanon argues “decolonization is the meeting of two forces, opposed to each other by their very nature, which in fact owe their originality to that sort of substantification which results from and is nourished by the situation of the colonies” (Fanon 424). He believes that the concept of colonies stands between these two different cultures being peaceful with each other. The idea of colonies means that one culture or nation is dominant to another which causes conflicts like those in India between the natives and
Nick Hitchon, a boy from a middle class, was a farmer’s son from Yorkshire Dale in rural England. Form the series it is understood that he was not well privileged boy growing up. His parents did have much money. However, nick has ideological beliefs than a culture or pattern of living based on artifacts. At early age he was interested in moon and stars. His ambition did not fall short as he started his journey at age 14 when he joined boarding school. Besides his educational life, his attitudes towards life such as girls, sex, and politics seems was rather narrow. When he gave the interview when he was seven and fourteen we saw the same shy boy from Yorkshire dale who does not want to talk about girls. When he turned 21 he later joined Oxford University and studied physics.
India gained independence from British rule in 1947. The Gandhian strategy is mainly comprised with: Satyagraha, Truth, Nonviolence, non-cooperation and peace and love. Satyagraha, a holistic approach toward life based on the ideals of truth and moral courage. Truth, the most powerful weapon. Gandhi believed "the truth is far more powerful than any weapon of mass destruction. Non-violence, was seen by Gandhi as "everlasting". Gandhi was influenced Jainism and Buddhism, both preached non-violence. Non-cooperation, aimed to resist British rule in India. Non-cooperation included the boycott of councils, courts and schools set up by British and of all foreign cloth. Peace and love, Gandhi stated " peace between countries must rest on the solid foundation of love between
Another type of response to imperialism was still negative, but controlled and calmed compared to the violent opposition shown by other Colonists. Several Colonists desired self rule but were against taking violent measures to obtain freedom from the Europeans. An example of this is shown in the Indian Independence Movement, where political leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak believed that the Indians had a “stronger weapon, a political weapon, in boycott” (Document 6). Due to the Indian culture and religion often calling for pacifism, Tilak and the other Indian “rebels” would be more likely to seek peaceful methods of protest like boycotting in order to regain power. Document 6 illustrates a much more strategic and peaceful method to combating imperialism.
Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement in India to regain their freedom. He believed that there should not be a Caste System because of one’s birth.
Would you be able to resist savagery from being away from society? Could you resist the urging power to kill? How about being able to find food without killing or not to go full savage on other people, could you still do it? A normal person could say no to all of these. In the novel, “Lord of The Flies”, William Golding shows that without civilization, a person can turn into a savage by showing progressively how they went through the seven steps of savagery.
Fanon start off his argument with describing how colonialism and decolonization are violent affairs. He describes the colonized and colonizer as old adversaries whose first meeting was rooted in violence and continued relationship was sustained at the point of a gun (Fanon, p. 2). He goes on to state that the colonized person is a fabricated person created by the colonizer and that the colonizer validates themselves, via wealth, through the colonial relationship. Decolonization, therefore, is the destruction of these fabrications and the liberation of ...
In the year of 1919, a crowd of 379 nonviolent protesters were murdered by British Indian Army troops. These protestors were killed because they were Indian. Racism was already existent in many countries that were colonized by Britain. Gandhi, a social reformer came to a realization that Indians deserve equal rights and that such acts were in humane and unacceptable. So what made Gandhi’s peaceful movement such a success? It was his civil disobedience practice, which he reached through nonviolent protests, embracing the enemy, and accepting jail time.
From the onset of man fighting for freedom or his beliefs, the question has always been whether one person can make a difference using words rather than wars. Philosophically, the concept of civil disobedience would appear to be an ineffective weapon against political injustice; history however has proven it to repeatedly be one of the most powerful weapons of the common man. Martin Luther King Jr. looked at the way African Americans were treated in the United States and saw an inequality. By refusing to pay his taxes and subsequently being imprisoned for a night, Henry David Thoreau demonstrated his intolerance for the American government. Under British rule, India remained oppressed until Mohandas Gandhi, with his doctrine of non-violence lead the country to freedom.
Under British rule in India, the British were harshly oppressive and only interested in exploiting products from India for their own use, causing many Indians to become extremely poor. They became so oppressed they were on the verge of violent civil disobedience, when Gandhi appeared to negotiate with the British threw non-violent tactics such as sit-ins and hunger strikes. The people were supportive on Gandhi and were set to become violent if anything happened to him. Things were resolved without violence.
A. Adu Boahen's African Perspectives on Colonialism neatly classifies African responses to European colonialism during both phases of invasion and occupation during the 19th century with precise labels according to their nature or time period. However, the reactions can also be loosely grouped into two diametric characterizations: peaceful and violent. Although creating this dichotomy seems a gross generalization and oversimplification of the colonial African experience, it more importantly allows for a different perspective- one that exposes the overwhelming success of the typically peaceful or pacifist reaction in contrast to the little gain and large losses of the violent response.
Frantz Fanon argues the decolonization must always be a violent phenomenon because resisting a colonizing power using only politics will not work. Europeans justified colonization by treating it as gods work. They believed that god wanted then to occupy all lands and spread the word of god to savages of darker skin color. Fanon joined the Algerian Nationalist Movement when the Algeria was being colonized be the French. Many examples of violence written of in The Wretched of the Earth were taken from the struggle for independence in Algeria. Also the writing is sympathetic towards colonized natives. Fanon claims decolonization causes violent actions from both settlers and natives and creates intolerant views toward the opposite party.
Gandhi is motivated by religious means; he believes that everyone is equal in God’s eyes. He gets involved in several movements for equality, and he stresses non-violence very strongly. The Indians are very mad because British rule continues to limit their rights. They are supposed to all get fingerprinted, and their marriage laws are invalid. Gandhi’s followers vow to fight their oppressors to the death, but he discourages them from violence.
Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) is a renowned postcolonial thinker known for his two seminal works Black Skin and White Masks (1986) and The Wretched of the Earth (1991). The latter is a paean on the cult of vociferous revolution and it unravels how anticolonial sentiments may address the venture of decolonization. Fanon delves at length how ill equipped are the former colonies to function as independent nations and proffers an excoriating criticism on present day bourgeois nationalism in third world nations. Though written in the second half of the 20th century, and despite its avowed African commitment, it seems to be a prophecy on the plight of our nation too. The present article attempts a Fanonean appraisal on the twin literary jewels of Indian English literature namely Raja Rao’s Kanthapura (1938) and Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan (1956). While Rao muses over the pre-colonial India and her struggles, Singh reflects on the nascent independent India. Together they corroborate Fanon’s prophecies in The Wretched of the Earth on the nature of anticolonial struggle and the ramifications of autonomy in newly independent third world countries. Kanthapura portrays anticolonial struggle apropos of national insurgency in a typical south Indian village, Kanthapura and Train to Pakistan depicts the trauma of Partition in a border village, Mano Majra with clinical intensity.
This is an example of psychological degradation that Fanon is talking about earlier on in his piece. He asserts that the inequality of colonialism is what causes the enslaved to want to overthrow the enslaver. It is natural to want to throw off their inferior status. The psychological violence against the enslaved helps keep colonialism in its place. This very humiliation is why there is the need for violent revolution. Fanon stresses the need for a national culture and national consciousness. With this sense of nationality and identity, the oppressed will be able to overthrow the
India has not been a free independent country for a long time. It had been under British rule from 1858-1947. India finally became independent on August 15, 1947 (Trueman). Many people credit India’s independence to Mahatma Gandhi because of the great role he played in helping India in its freedom struggle. Along with Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammed Jinnah and Jawaharlal Nehru assisted in making India an independent country. Gandhi’s main principle in India’s freedom struggle was based on non violence, which he called satyagraha, which means holding onto the truth, truth force, or soul force (Bondurant). Along with nonviolence Gandhi believe in passive resistance and swaraj or self rule. Gandhi thought that being violent would only get a bad response from the British, however passive resistance pushed the British to do something which would make them look bad To accomplish swaraj or self rule (Bondurant), Gandhi believed India needed 3 vital ingredients. The first thing India needed was to unify Indians with different religions, especially Hindus and Muslims. Second, India needed to remove its...