1 Abbe Sieyes was born in 1748. He was a clergyman and a political writer who wrote a very clear message to educate citizens about their rights. He divided his work into three main questions. In his opinion, a nation is “A body of associates living under a common law and represented by the same legislature.” I agree with his definition because he supports the farmhands of the land in France. The third estate citizens who worked really hard to make everything from the other two estates available. They make the highest percentage of France's population (98%) even though they have no right to vote or power in the general estate. He also talked about “What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing." Lastly, “What does it want? Something." …show more content…
This third estate also breaks up into four categories. The first working class is the farmers who work the land to make the materials that were needed for consumption. The second one is workers who turn these goods into more valuable things. The third category would be the traders and wholesalers who are the connection between the factories and customers. After all, the third estate might not be represented, but they are the nation. They make most of the population and do all the work needed for the nation. Sieyes ideas were an influence for the people to start the French Revolution. Joseph Mazzini is an activist who was born in 1805. He is Italian even though Italy did not exist at that time. He mentioned how everyone should live and have a better life. He has similar ideas to the declaration of the rights and man, "All the acts of the great French Revolution, and of all of those revolutions which succeeded and imitated it, were a consequence of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man”.” He also believes that everyone has rights and politically equal. He mentioned that liberty was achieved, but even that did not help the daily labor, their situation did not improve. In his view, the world is all against all. "Men are the creatures of education, and their actions are but the consequence of the principle of education given to them." Also, "Education, labor, and the franchise, are the three main pillars of the Nation." After all, the nation was an intermediary step in the growth of humankind. Karl Marx is a socialist. He wrote about the bourgeois in late 1847. In his writing, he said that " Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other -- bourgeoisie and proletariat." The bourgeoisie is capitalists, owners of social production and employers of wage labor. As of the proletariat who are wage laborers who have nothing of their own and have to work in order to live. Marx believed that revolution was the only way for the proletariat (the working class) to control the state, and have their rights. His idea or view was that the state is a creature of the bourgeois economic interest. "The executive of the modern state is, but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie." The bourgeois like I mentioned in the definition, they own the factories and use the workers for what they need. They also treat their wives really bad. They used them only to produce children and pleasure. Men have all the rights when women do not. Communism in Marx's view promises to give women their rights equally, which means families will be raised in a better way. In addition, women will be able to have jobs. After all, Marx wanted a revolution where the proletarians would be against the bourgeoisie and overthrowing capitalism. Marx’s idea effected people thought and made it sure for them that they need the revolution to get their rights. Rupert Brooke was born in 1887. He was an English poet. His first piece is about peace. He felt that youth should be happy that they are able to fight for good in the world in the First World War. Brooke's idea is that this war gave the freedom to the youth and if they die, they should be proud. The second piece is about the soldier. He meant if he was to die, it is better to be dead on the field. Having the blood on that land will make it belongs to that fighter or the country. This summarizes Brooke's idea about a nation that without its people it is worth nothing. It is important to fight for it because you will be part of it. Benito Mussolini was as a socialist then he created fascism, was born in 1883. He does not think there is class distinguish; also, does not like materialism. He is also against the democracy, “Democracy is a regime without a king." He does not think about people from the low-class. He believes that the leader knows what is he doing and how to rule. He also has the idea where people want to get what is theirs, which we end up having individuals fighting each other’s. He created a conflict between citizens because individual's interests were not allowed. He is also "Against individualism, the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual in so far as he coincides with the State.." He thinks of fascism as a religion to an individual, but he is not against any faith, "The educator and promoter of spiritual life." He is also against anything that takes people away from the state. As of life, it is always a struggle in Mussolini's idea and people kept their thoughts to themselves. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889. He was in prison for five years at Landsberg Castle. He believed that the Aryan race (German race) produced all the goods and culture. He believed that what has been happening, Jews are responsible for it, even when they make only 1% of the population. He believed that “All human culture, all the results of art, science, and technology that we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan." In my opinion, this idea washed people's thoughts and beliefs. 2 Alexis de Tocqueville is a French political thinker. His second letter was about the French and the Arabs, in particular, Algerians. He mentioned how the French people are stronger and educated; unlike, the Arabs, "We are more enlightened and stronger than the Arabs, and it is up to us to yield at first, up to a certain point, to their habits and prejudices." He mentioned that if the two races do not work with each other and form a single group, things would not be managed. Arabs have a good military and religion beliefs, but they were losing their strength to battle what the world offers. Arabs sell their land cheaply and easily to forgings which built up a new population. Arabs were fighting the French not because they are Christians but because they are strangers. This lead to "The faith of the people that has led them to take up arms against us," Tocqueville idea is that Arabs can be managed not by force of arms, but by a calm influence of cultural and trade. He talked about how French can fight the Arabs in two ways; the first one is by using violence, which is killing everything they see. As of Tocqueville, he saw it as an unhelpful way, because they will be similar to the Turks. He said if we were to use violence, "The Turks will always have the advantage over us of being Muslim barbarians." Ravage the country and destroying the crops if needed. He knew the war will take time, but as long as at the end they will be able to leave troops there, it will be fine. Tocqueville was a liberal. The time when Tocqueville was writing, it was when France was trying to colonize Algeria. Rudyard Kipling was born in 1865; he published a poem called "The White Man's Burden." What he means by his poem is that sending the white men (best men) into exile to serve the hostages.
It means giving up the comfort. White men have to tolerate and not to show pride. "Open speech and simple" using simple words and explain patiently to gain profit. He also explained how they have to feed people, to get rid of sickness or diseases. They are there to fight to bring peace. He also wrote that this will not be easy and coming back might not be a thought. Kipling also mentioned that people will not like the white men for what they are doing and they will judge you. The reason of this poem is to point out Americans and help to share their way of how can the white men built Europe Empire in East …show more content…
Asia. Edward Morel was born in 1873 and he is a journalist. As of his view, it is not the white man's burden; it is actually the black man's burden. He mentioned how the Africans were "Uproots him from the land, invades his family life, destroys his natural pursuits and occupations, claims his whole time, enslaves him in his own home....” From this, you can tell he is against slavery. Aime Cesaire is a poet and politician who was born in 1913 and a communist party member.
He wrote an essay called Discourse on Colonialism. France started to struggle with Algeria since they do not have force anymore. This essay was kind of like a war against colonialism. At this time, everything is being rebuilt and so many countries are been decolonized. He argued that colonists were entirely self-centered and that they are more interested in themselves than in improving people's life. Cesaire argued that the colonization has created two problems: the proletariat and the colonial problem. He also mentioned how capitalism turned into
Nazism.
The institution of slavery was part of a significant portion of American history, along with human history. Additionally, it is also one of the greatest human tragedies of the New World and the United States. The White Man's Burden: Historical Origins of Racism in the United States was written by Winthrop D. Jordan and tells the history of racism in the United States. The author discusses the very origins of racism and the nature of slavery within the United States through the attitudes of the white slave owners. In the book, the author addresses the problem of slavery through the negative stereotypes, racist laws, and the paradox of Thomas Jefferson.
Laurence Hill’s novel, The Book of Negroes, uses first-person narrator to depict the whole life ofAminata Diallo, beginning with Bayo, a small village in West Africa, abducting from her family at eleven years old. She witnessed the death of her parents with her own eyes when she was stolen. She was then sent to America and began her slave life. She went through a lot: she lost her children and was informed that her husband was dead. At last she gained freedom again and became an abolitionist against the slave trade. This book uses slave narrative as its genre to present a powerful woman’s life.She was a slave, yes, but she was also an abolitionist. She always held hope in the heart, she resist her dehumanization.
Sieyes also identifies the reality that if as a society if we were to remove the nobility that The Third Estate could in fact run on its own, if not “something less but something more”. In fact, society as a whole might actually go better without the two others but would cease to exists without The Third Estate. Sieyes actually goes as far to say that the nobility are a “burden for the nation and it cannot be a part of it.” Sieyes speaks to not only the social inequality between the classes but the lack of political representation of more than what is ninety percent of the population. Then nobility itself possess their own representation that was not appointed by the majority, who does not owe any powers to the people due to divinity, and finally it is foreign for the fact that it’s interests lie with private concern rather than public. In chapter two of What is the Third Estate Sieyes proclaims that up until now The Third Estate has been nothing and reform is coming. He says “Freedom does not derive from
She is commenting on how Native Americans lived before they were moved. They had a good life, as she writes, will a great sense of community, friendship and prosperity. No one in the tribe was left behind, no matter if they were not good hunters or gatherers. As long as you had a tribe to look after you, you will be alright. However, each stanza this pleasantness is interrupted by the white man. Even though what the Native Americans stand for is beautiful, they are removed and they are only allotted what the imperialists will give them. Here is a stanza to understand these concepts, “To each head of household—so long as you remember your tribal words for/ village you will recollect that the grasses still grow and the rivers still flow. So/ long as you teach your children these words they will remember as well. This /we cannot allow. One hundred and sixty acres allotted” (Da’). As we see with this quote, Da’ is pointing out how the new Americans exiled the Native people not only from their land, but their righteous ways of living, and the precious land that allowed them to be
However, French lost its territory to the Spanish and the British, but most of France’s colonial wealth were extracted from their colonies in Africa, especially from its vast wealth of gold and diamond. “Like the Spanish the French preferred to rule their colonies under a direct rule, which urge more metropole culture spread upon colonized land. While Spanish colonial cities have plazas, the French colonial cities have Paris grid town planning and architecture that often remind one of France. They also introduced education system using French language, to help further brainwash and spread their own value” (Quora). “The French also wanted to spread their “French value” to its subject as part of their “civilizing” mission, to bless the barbaric of indigenous Africans and Asians with enlightenment (admittedly they were less successful than Americans, but did manage to spread the French language all over Africa)” (Quora). While Africa became more “France”, this failed in Indochina because the locals find French difficult to learn. The Africa colonization was pure and simple, to benefit the metropole at most while limiting the development of industry as to make Africa reliant on European
Similarly, Kipling approaches the concept of life in a prudent manner and forms a series of advice to the reader in the didactic poem “If.” The poet informs the reader on how to balance their life and become a trustworthy leader in society. The main themes presented in “If,” are leadership and maturity. The poem is considered to be a “memorable evocation of Victorian stoicism and the "stiff upper lip" that popular culture has made into a traditional British virtue.” “The stiff upper lip,” is a phrase originated from Sparta in Ancient Greece and most commonly heard of as part of the idiom “keep a stiff upper lip,” which means to face misfortune bravely and to suppress any display of emotion. Kipling presents these two meanings skillfully in the poem. “If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you” or “If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,” are one of the many advises Kipling gives in the poem that all lead to one success; being “a Man.” Kipling has combined “Spartan toughness with Stoic detachment,” presenting not only the ideal of the “stiff upper lip” in the poem but the overall achievement of Manhood and leadership in life. “The stiff upper lip,” is a phrase that has become symbolic to the British and has particularly inspired the English public school system during the age of the British Empire where Kipling at that age had endured “harsh discipline,” at his school.
Nardo, Don. A. The French Revolution. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. Print.
...rimitive culture that needed to be civilized, they were people with no education and inferior. Europeans thought of themselves as superior. On the other hand we have perception of Africans towards Europeans, African thought of them as superior “creatures” that came to take everything, probably sent by their gods as a punishment of their actions. Under Leopold’s barbarous rule, African’s were forced to work for him, to satisfy Leopold’s desires which turned into an imperialism. His desires were: political (his need of having more colonies to compete with other European nations), economic (exploitation of raw materials), religion (the need to spread Christianity to change their culture), technology (slaves to work on industrial revolution). His desires turn Africa into a land of human rights abuse which in turn turned into an alteration of perception towards Africans.
...ti was in prior to the French Revolution were prime for an revolt to take place. Having an unclear and defined political authority, the White colonists were unable to contain sufficiently the rebellion that they had coerced themselves for years. Their shameful behavior toward the Blacks and Mulattoes in Haiti expedited the progression of the reason of the abolition of slavery in Haiti. The surplus of that disgraceful treatment is the very reason why the Haitian Revolution was so successful. “The treatment of slaves and Mulattoes in Haiti was so bad that it forced the most violent and ultimately, the most successful slave insurrection in history.” (Rand,1) The French Revolution provided the necessary spark for the revolution in Haiti to occur. The Haitian Revolution was the inspiration the cause of the abolitionists of slavery in Haiti needed to actualize its goals.
The official policy of French imperialism was to assimilate the people that were conquered, but this was not actually fulfilled in practice. Only the wealthier native people could afford to school their children in French culture and achieve assimilation. The average population were exploited for cheap labor. The natives did not have political rights. The French government was a democracy only in France; the French colonies were ruled as an autocratic state. This oppression would lead to revolutions in the future.
The Souls of Black Folks by W.E.B DuBois addresses two concepts that illustrate the experience of African Americans including the concept of the Veil and the phenomenon of double-consciousness. Although the author uses these two concepts differently, their usage and meanings are related. These concepts provided a name to African American’s grievances that were felt then that could not be expressed because there were no word that could precisely describe their grievances. The implication was that the grievances experienced for being an African American could be described then, and also be described in present America. DuBois starts by describing the concept of the veil as mainly referring to three meanings. First, the veil looks at the physical differences of Blacks’ darker skin to white skin. Second, the veil looks at the inability of white people to recognize Blacks as Americans. Finally, the veil looks at Blacks’ inability to view themselves outside white American views.
This particular poem is relatively short, only fourteen lines; however, Gwendolyn says a lot in this piece. It starts out saying that the narrator would like to find some peace in the household. Searching, searching, not able to find relief from the human voices that follow them around. The narrator doesn't want to deal with the griefs and the choices especially. This can be related the the African American struggle of the time because not a hundred years earlier, slavery was a common practice. Slaves would do whatever the white man said. Never having been given any choice in the matter making them afraid to finally do so for themselves. “He feared most of all the choices, that cried to be taken,” (pg.1064, line 12). It can also be related to everyone else in that now that change of the treatment of African Americans was coming about, they demanded to be heard. Perhaps the average white man was seeking relief from the voices he heard and the decisions he was faced with everyday due to
On August 26, 1789, the assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.” Through judicial matters, this document was written in order to secure due process and to create self-government among the French citizens. This document offered to the world and especially to the French citizens a summary of the morals and values of the Revolution, while in turn justifying the destruction of a government; especially in this case the French government, based upon autocracy of the ruler and advantage. The formation of a new government based upon the indisputable rights of the individuals of France through liberty and political uniformity.
Being a man is not as effortless as fitting the stereotypes that society associates a true man with. Such stereotypes are being dominant, controlling, and valorous. Throughout the poem, Kipling makes it a focal point that a man does not dwell, boast, nor sulk. Kipling shatters this modern stereotype of men and re-illustrates what a real man is in his poem. For instance, Kipling states, “if you can keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs and blaming it on you” (Kipling 1-2). Kipling claims that a true man will not lose his composure no matter the situation even if all around him begin to point their fingers, a real man will maintain his righteous identity despite others trying to tarnish it. Furthermore, Kipling illustrates that a man does not dwell on his failures. For example, Kipling claims that men will “lose, and start again at your beginnings / And never breathe a word about your loss” (Kipling 19-20). Kipling believes that a man will not allow a loss to interfere with the future and will tread on without sulking. In other words, a man will maintain his face and obligations no matter what’s lost. Lastly, Kipling heavily implies that a true man does not boast of his success, by way of example, Kipling states that men “don't look too good, nor talk too wise” (Kipling 8). In modern society a vast majority of men if not all men love to boast of their wealth, intelligence,
Prince Leopold demonstrates that a large motive was to help out the other nations more so to provide them with steam and electricity. They also wanted to help out Africa, as maybe Africa could do them good as well. In facts, new technologies such as the telegraph, trains, and new medications were, instituted into Africa. This allowed Africa to progress in terms of social conditions. Louis Bernard a french colonial official demonstrates how the humility was lost in the other side of France as they were cruel to colonies, however as an officer he fails to acknowledge that only the actual citizens of the colonies can justify if the help was good in terms of new cultural