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Psychological theories of bullying
How are schools preventing bullying
How are schools preventing bullying
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Bullying, a loathsome and unsavory act, is widely seen in all aspects of life, but more particularly in school settings. It features an aggressor intimidating or tormenting a weaker person in one way or another. This act usually ends badly for the victims and leaves him or her in a vulnerable and pitiful state. Thirty percent of U.S. students in grades six through ten are involved in moderate or frequent bullying; as bullies, as victims, or as both (National Survey). Bullying is increasingly viewed as an important contributor to youth violence, including homicide and suicide. It is more prevalent among males than females and occurs with greater frequency among middle school-aged youth than high school-aged youth; children who are obese, gay, or have disabilities are up to sixty three percent more likely to be bullied than other children ( Sognonvi, 2009). The act of bullying, while objectionable and despicable, could be deeply rooted in psychological, social, and family issues.
A bully’s psychological problems can cause him or her to take their anger out on weaker classmates. Bullies often have a negative self-esteem and low social acceptance. They also may have previously been victims of bullying once before, thus provoking a low esteem and confidence. Their low self-esteem permits them to put down other people, to feel better about themselves. Watching another person who may appear weak and cowering can remind a bully of his or her own vulnerability and lack of acceptance from others. Lashing out on the victim is a way of unleashing their anger towards themselves or their past bullies. Bullying, to some, is another way of anger management.
They feel the need to physically or mentally abuse another in order to be content wi...
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... family issues can diminish bullying.
Works Cited
Conway, R. (2008). Encouraging Positive Interactions. In P.Foreman (Ed), Inclusion in Action, pp198-244. Thomson Education: Sydney.
Raymond, E.B. (2004). Learners with Mild Disabilities: A Characteristics Approach. New York: Pearson Education.
Williams, G.J. & Reisberg, L. (2003). Successful Inclusion: Teaching Social Skills Through Curriculum Integration. Intervention in School and Clinic, 28(4), pp205-210.
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http://learn2bebuddies.wordpress.com/
Sensei Serge Sognonvi and Carmen Sognonvi. (2009). The 5 Essential Bullying Statistics Every parent should know. Retrieved from
http://urbandojo.com/2010/06/09/how-to-prevent-bullying-part-1-bullying-statistics/
Bullying statistics
http://www.pascack.k12.nj.us/70271919141818/lib/70271919141818/Bullying_Statistics.htm
Inclusion strategies that work! Research-based methods for the Classroom. The. p. 2 Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
According to Stout (2001) the concept of inclusion can be differentiated into mainstreaming, inclusion and full inclusion each describing the amount of time special education students become part of a normal education classes. “Inclusion is a term which expresses the commitment to educate each child, to the maximum extent possible, in the school and classroom he or she would otherwise attend” (definitions section, para. 2). This commitment is based on the belief that special needs students would profit from the regular classroom environment (Noll, 2014, p. 225). According to Stout (2001) research based evidence supports this belief as “Recent meta-analyses confirm a small to moderate beneficial effect of inclusion education on the academic and social outcome of special needs students” (Research section, para. 3). There are many who also believe that inclusion is good for the overall class as it can teach empathy, and “teaches us to think about we rather than I” (Sapon-Shevin, 2008, p227). There are others however, who feel that “Contrary to some egalitarians, a good society honors those who through intelligent good will, artistic talent, athletic prowess, or plain honest hard work make our lives better” (Carpenter, 2008, p.235) and therefore believe that it is ok to think of “I” and not we.
Bullying has become a major problem facing the United States today. The American Psychological Association reports that roughly 40% to 80% of children are involved in bullying on some level during their time in school. (APA, 2014) The magnitude of the problem can be observed in the statistics. In the United States, a total of 4,080,879 children between the ages of five and 18 have been the victims of bullying compared to 3,892,199 who have reported that they have engaged in bullying someone else. Additionally, 851,755 said that they have been both the victim and the bully. That's a whopping 8,824,833 people in the United States that have been involved in bullying behavior on one level or another. (High, B., 2000 Census)
Stainbeck, S. & Stainbeck, W. (1997) Inclusion a guide for educators. Baltimore, MD, Paulh Brookes Publishing Co.
In order for inclusion to be implemented properly it is important that teachers, parents, and administrators to know the definition of inclusion. An inclusion program means that the student spends all or most of their school time in the general education classroom rather than a self-contained classroom. However, the students will still receive the support and interventions they would have received in a self-contained classroom. There are different types of inclusive classrooms where different types of teaching occur. There is co-teaching where there is both a general education teacher and a special education teacher that co teach. Both will work with students that have an individualized education plan (IEP) and the student will receive more support. In addition, an inclusive classroom can have a general education teacher but has the special education teacher as a resource or aid, which qualifies as a collaborative model of inclusion.
Mastropieri, M. A., & Scruggs, T. E. (2007). The Inclusive Classroom: Strategies for Effective Instruction (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Merrill.
History has shown that when pushing for more changes in curriculum models to include inclusion, the benefits are apparent for all students in the classroom. However, inclusion is not a one size fits all solution. Some students cannot work in the same classroom as other students, as there are too many distractions created by their peers. Other students may excel in an inclusive setting. Learning and working in the same classroom with peers helps them learn valuable academic and social skills. Each child has to be evaluated on an individual basis to decide optimal placement of inclusion variation (??? ).
Jorgensen, C. M. (1997 July). Curriculum and Its Impact on Inclusion and the Achievement of Students with Disabilities. Retrieved October 8, 2002 from http://www.asri.edu/CFSP/brochure/curricib.htm
Everyone has been bullied or encountered someone being bullied at some point of their life. Whether it would be physically or verbally both can be exceedingly traumatizing and can have a long-term psychological influence on children’s development. Majority people may define bullying in a more physical term; nevertheless that’s not always the case. The act of bullying can occur in several ways and in reality affect the individual in the same way. Bullying is generally defined as repeated, negative, and harmful actions focused at target throughout a course of time, exhibiting a sense of power difference between the bully and the victim (Olweus, 1993; Limber & Mihalic, 1999 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). A survey was conducted in the United States estimating that over six million children, about 30% in grade six through ten have experienced frequent bullying in a school environment (Nansel, 2001 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). Many people might debate that bullying is something that every child goes through and is simply a part of growing up, although there are several damaging consequences that happens to the child’s brain. Bullying causes the child to feel upset, isolated, frightened, anxious, and depressed. They feel like they reason they are being picked on is because there is something wrong with them and may even lose their confidence feel unsafe going to school (Frenette, 2013 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005) Anthropologically, sociologically, or psychologically, bullying can be analyzed through different perspectives and several questions can be asked based on the topic:
"The Effects of Bullying." Stamp Out Bullying. N.p., 8 July 2013. Web. 6 Mar. 2014.
Lazarus, Belinda D. “What is Inclusion?” Making Inclusion Work. Feb 2001. University of Michigan-Dearborn. 18 Mar 2011.
Various reports and studies have established that approximately 15% of students are either bullied regularly or are initiators of bullying behavior (Olweus, 1993). Direct bullying seems to increase through the elementary years, peak in the middle school/junior high school years, and decline during the high school years. However, while direct physical assault seems to decrease with age, verbal abuse appears to remain constant. School size, racial composition, and school setting (rural, suburban, or urban) do not seem to be distinguishing factors in predicting the occurrence of bullying. Finally, boys engage in bullying behavior and are victims of bullies more frequently than girls (Batsche & Knoff, 1994; Nolin, Davies, & Chandler, 1995; Olweus, 1993; Whitney & Smith, 1993).
Facts about bullying shows that 10 to 15 percent of students are being bullied regular in school. The student that becomes a bully feels that they need to bully because of the power and control they get off of the victim. They want satisfaction when they physically hurt someone maybe to get their stress out on someone. There are two types of bullying physical,and emotional bullying the difference between the two is that one is being used to hit someone and the other is to hurt them not face to face but from afar. Bullying is mostly more about physical harm and letting your anger out on that person who did’t even do anything to you. Bullying can also come from influence or experiences that they have had at home,meaning whatever they see at home they just learn from it and end up doing the same thing. Bullying can also come from childhood depends on what you have experienced when you were a little kid,
Most people know how difficult it is to grow up and maintain positive social relationships throughout the adolescent years. It’s even harder when a young boy or girl is the victim of bullying. Turn on the news or look through a newspaper and more often than not you will hear about a young child who is the victim of bullying. In today’s society, bullying takes on various forms and is an emerging problem that many children face daily at school; away from their parents protection. The methods of bullying vary depending on who is doing the bullying and the reason as to why the bully is acting out. Methods of bullying also tend to look dramatically different between genders. (Covington, 2015) Bullying can take on many different forms;
An estimated amount of 160,000 students across the United States misses school each day due to being a victim of bullying. From a present study, 29% of students involved in bullying, 14% of the children were said to be victims, 7% were bullies, and 8% were bullies and victims. The worst type of social behavior stems from bullying, and leads to complications in a student’s future. Bullying is a way of expressing aggressive behavior that is intended, and continues that sometimes leads to physical or mental injuries. Those who are victims of bullying, lack self-esteem, and become easily depressed by small objects. There are four common types of bullying: verbal, physical, relational aggression, and