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Positive and negative effects of hacking
Positive and negative effects of hacking
History of hacking essay
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The definition of hacking has undergone some changes in the past few years. At first it identified people “who enjoys modifying and subverting system, whether technological bureaucratic or sociological.” (Lemos, 2002) In the last decade hacking has evolved to describe “those people with a hands-on interest in computer security and circumventing such security. (lemos 2002) As you explore deeper into the digital landscape it becomes clearer that these hackers are sub divided into three groups of intermingling individuals classified by a system of hats. This hat system was coined by the L0pht (pronounced “the loft”) one of the most well know old-school hacking group on the internet. This hat system was implemented to give the middle ground hackers, like the members of L0pht, a category to call their own that kept them from being associated with the criminal hackers, also known as black hats, and the corporate hackers and network maintainers, known as white hats. (Lemos, 2002) Since black and white made up the extremes the middle group that consisted of both would be deemed Grey hats to signify their neutrality and diversity. Each of these hacking cultures has their own set of allegiances but, these allegiances do not always remain the same for all hackers across the hat class. One of the best examples of this shifting allegiance is the Black Hat hacker. Black hats are known as the criminal masterminds but, not all black hats are the bad guys. Most black hat hackers are just board and look for challenging systems to break into to test their skill. This skills test results in major security breaches and ultimately black hats being labeling as a threat. Most of Their goals typically include hacking systems for personal or financi... ... middle of paper ... ...idly evolving technological world of the treats and benefits around them. Works Cited ABI Research. "BYOD and Increased Malware Threats Help Driving Billion Dollar Mobile Security Services Market in 2013." BYOD and Increased Malware Threats Help Driving Billion Dollar Mobile Security Services Market in 2013. Allied Business Intelligence, Inc., 29 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. . Lemos, Robert. "New law make hacking a black-and-white choice." CNET.com. CBS Interactive Inc, 23 Sept. 2002. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. . Olson, Parmy. "Your smartphone is hackers' next big target." CNN. Cable News Network, 26 Aug. 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2013. .
The use of hacking to identify weaknesses in computer security has become an increasingly controversial issue in recent years. Awareness of this issue is important, because our ever increasing reliance on technology means that breaches in computer security have the potential to have wide-ranging and devastating consequences to society, worldwide. This essay will begin by clearly defining the term ‘hacking’ and will examine the type of people who hack and for what reasons. There will then follow a discussion of the moral argument on hacking before examining a few brief examples. The essay will then conclude by arguing against the use of hacking as a means of identifying weaknesses in computer security.
THE HACKER CRACKDOWN Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier CONTENTS Preface to the Electronic Release of *The Hacker Crackdown* Chronology of the Hacker Crackdown Introduction Part 1: CRASHING THE SYSTEM A Brief History of Telephony / Bell's Golden Vaporware / Universal Service / Wild Boys and Wire Women / The Electronic Communities / The Ungentle Giant /
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
Hackers have a very rich history, despite being most commonly linked to the latest outburst of technology. They've helped excel many of the everyday gadgets a majority of the population owns and uses today. Not only have they established a very well known name today when it comes to computers, but nearly every piece of technology we know today can be linked back to them. They have advanced greatly in both their knowledge of computers as well as their morality concerning what to do with their information, causing a split of both righteous and sinister behavior among their groups. Throughout history, as their knowledge for the working mechanisms continued to grow, hackers have positively advanced entire societies in gigantic leaps with their gift for understanding and utilizing electronics to their max capacities which allowed them to continue to expand on the ways people can use them even to this day.
In the beginning hackers hacked into computers and networks out of curiosity or for fun, but more recently they have been caught using their skills for personal financial gain (Stein). Hackers who use the skills for crimes are sometimes referred to as black hatters and the hackers whom are working for good, such as working for law enforcement, are referred to as white hatters (Chamelin475). Six months into the year 2010 cyber-crimes had jumped from sixty million to one hundred-eighty million cyber-crime cases (Chamelin475). One of the most popular forms of cyber intrusion is through malware or malicious software. Malware is any software with the intentions of blocking computer use remotely, to covertly steal computer data, to secretly intercept computer data, or to subvert the transmission of data for personal profit. Most malware is...
References to Beddoes’ hacks (Bisson) evoke resentment among readers; they see that black hat hackers gain more by participating in illicit activities than honest citizens do in a year of work, causing them to feel as if it is unfair to themselves because they are stealing from honest citizens like most readers would be. Also, in emphasizing the damages done by black hat hackers and the mysterious backgrounds they often seem to come from, fuel is added to the fire of an already negative connotation. As the other two articles mention, the common perception of hackers is that they are rebellious teenagers out to destroy the world regardless of the channel used. The background described in this article supports those theories when Beddoes speaks of his past as a teenager who started out with an innocent interest in hacking and then transitions into a rebellious malicious hacker after being rejected by the companies that he was trying to assist. Beddoes’ ethos also supports the goal of the article because he is a credible, well-established hacker in recent years. After almost pulling off a multimillion dollar heist, he is a respected yet accessible authority on the topic. Statistics to quantify the amount of data Beddoes stole in his hacking career provide the base to an argument supported by logos. Referring to those numbers also evokes strong emotions in accordance with the amount of people losing money and being victimized by hackers. Readers are inclined to feel sympathy towards the victims of the hackers, evoking an even greater amount of resentment towards the hackers. The content of Bisson’s article effectively supports a negative reaction to
Modern society relies more on computers and the Internet now than ever before as a means to exchange information. Computer infrastructures are continually evolving and developing which has lead to an increase of reliance on technology, and an increasing amount of personal data being shared between computers and over the Internet. For these reasons it imperative to keep these infrastructures safe from those who do not belong or mean to cause harm, commonly called hackers. Hackers are people who gain unauthorized access to someone else’s computer. Hacking is wrong when financial or personal gain is achieved (Jamil and Khan 2011), but there are three types of hackers. ‘White Hats’ are hackers who use their computer skills for ethical reasons, ‘Black Hats’ use their skills in unethical or illegal ways and ‘Gray Hats’, also known as vigilantes or hacktivisits (Hackers 2009), their skills to investigate criminal activity but perform it in an illegal manner.
In the context of computer security, a hacker is someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer network or a computer system. Hackers may be motivated by a number of reasons ranging from protest to profit. An ethical hacker is a computer expert who attacks the security of a certain system on behalf of its owners seeking for potential vulnerabilities a malicious hacker could abuse. To test system security, ethical hackers use the same techniques as their less principled counterparts but report problems instead of taking advantage of them. Such hackers are sometimes called “white hat” hacker whereas malicious hackers go by the name “black hat” (Rouse, 2007). These terms represent an analogy coming from old Western movies where the good guy wore a white hat and the bad guy wore a black one.
In the beginning of the age of the modern computer, programmers worked around the clock, creating code for their employers for use in proprietary computer systems. These elite programmers enjoyed challenging one another and frequently enjoyed stretching modern systems to their limits. These programmers became know as "hackers" for their talents at dissecting and working around difficult problems, often searching for the most elegant or most efficient solution possible. Unlike the vision of hackers as portrayed by the 1990's media., these hackers refrained from any illegal activities. The best hackers viewed such things as breaking into computer systems as immature and childish. The media derives their definition of a hacker from only a small subset of the hacker culture which did engage in illegal activities. Such a blatant generalization and stereotypical attitude only encourages hackers to stick together and prove to the world that legitimate working-class professionals constituted the majority of this community. The idea that all hackers break into computer systems seemed as absurd as the idea that all policemen stuffed their faces with dough nuts every day; while of course some hackers did break into systems and some policemen do in fact stuff their face with sweet treats, this of course is no the norm. The offending group about which these steriotypes derived make up a small percentage of the overall population of the community. These hackers formed a dynamic community that thrived on the exchange of programming code and freedom of distribution; however, when large corporations threatened these basic freedoms through the use of proprietary software with strict licensing agreements,, the forerunners of the...
Denholm, Martin. "The Number One Threat to America's National Security." Tech Innovation Daily. N.p., 01 Apr. 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. .
There is a social hierarchy that breaks down the hacking community into different categories. These categories are determined by for whom or what a hacker’s motivation for hacking is. The categories are named after different colored hats. For example, a malicious hacker who, in most cases, hacks for their own benefit or the benefit of a hacking organization is known as a “black hat”. A hacker that hacks to repair damage done by black hats or to help those incapable of protecting themselves is known as a “white hat”. Those are the two most basic classifications, but you also have blue hats, grey hats, and nation-state hackers. These are security contractors, hackers who are both helpful and malicious, and government run agencies respectively (Hacker (Computer Security)).
With the technology boom that occurred at the beginning of this century, hackers were divided into two groups, white hat and black hat hackers. Black hat hackers “can be characterized as people, groups, criminal organizations, governments and military with malicious intent.” The white hat hackers are the opposite of black hackers, they work in making databases and other penetrable systems secure and not accessible for black hat hackers. What drives hackers to become black hat? Most of the times, the reasons people decide to become black hat hackers are financial gain, trying to damage the image of a certain politician or because they want to be well known by society. Even hacking can be used to fight a war, for example some hackers targeted the Iranian nuc...
Most people think hacking is a 21st century art, but in reality it has been around for a little more than a century. (Trigaux 1) Hacking has been relished by the American people as an act of terror when in actuality most hackers stand for the rights and liberties of the people. (Trigaux 2) There is several different types of hackers: The Black Hat, The White Hat, and The Grey Hat each designed with different morals and ethics. (Sterling 1) The “Black Hat” hackers portray the stereotypical identity that the American people are afraid of. (Moore 1) They normally hack for a personal gain or to intentionally place malicious software. (Moore 2) Following that we have a “White Hat” hacker who is
A countless number of today’s companies understand “hacking” is not just a crime, but a necessity to today’s internet security. “Microsoft and Facebook announced last November that they would pay bounties to ethical hackers for discovering vulnerabilities, not just in their own products, but in software systems that make up the internet infrastructure, as well” (Acohido par 3). Companies are soliciting outside computer specialists to illegally crack into their networks and try and find security holes in their infrastructure. Imagine prosecuting one of these hackers for responding to the call of these high profile companies. Punishments handed out to a person who has gained access to a network or system that is not their own, must be reflective of the situation and not a blanket punishment for all unauthorized access.