The Thirty Years War

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The Thirty Years War is an international conflict that began as a religious civil war and later became a fight for the balance of power between Catholics, Protestants, and the nations of Sweden, France, Spain, Denmark, and the Holy Roman Empire (particularly the Habsburgs) in 1618 to 1648. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia, newfound Swedish control of the Baltic, France’s recognition as the foremost Western power, and the Holy Roman emperor’s loss of power (“Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)”). During this time, the common ‘little wars’ of the past became of a grander scale, or a total war. As such, more men were required on the battlefield and the sizes of armies grew, leading to two innovations that solved two obstacles.

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