Comprehending the argument of ‘The Technology of Foolishness’ maybe challenging; nevertheless, I will attempt to decipher the moral of the story and see the relevance of values of an individual, organizations and the societies of the world; ultimately, explain the conclusion about contemporary theories of decision making. March spoke about various ways of understanding decision making, which includes the following: choice and rationality, the problem of goals, sensible foolishness, play and reason and finally, intelligence and foolishness; most of which includes a variety of stages. When discussing choice and rationality, the author explained his concept of choice as “a focus for interpretation and guiding human behavior” (March, 1971, p. 255). Humans are free to roam and make their own choices, especially in Western Civilization. Having the ability to make personal choices is good, since it opened the doors for increase knowledge from experimentation and intuition; hence, exposing the human minds to evaluate …show more content…
It’s the foundation of human thinking; except, the unwillingness of mankind, that assist in downgrading their important values; as a result, the distraction of the twenty-first has caused man to ignore the foundation and set personal goals. Establishing personal goals are phenomenal; however, organizations and society place pressure on him to “act in the name of goals, keep his goals consistent, his actions be oriented to his goals and we ask that a social system amalgamate individual goals into collective goal” (March, 1971, p. 256). But is the pressure worth it? And what about understanding the origin of goals; essentially, leading to further confusion between choice behavior versus goal development; ultimately, leading to three classic justifications: “both are independent, choice is never satisfied, and changing goals is so intractable in a normative theory of choice that nothing can be said about it” (March, 1971, p.
Written by Marijn Poortvliet and Celine Darnon in 2010 the information is accurate due to the fact it is less than a decade old. “Achievement goals reflect the aim of an individual’s achievement and pursuits,” (324). Also the article talks about individuals and that “people hold therefore are also strong social effects because people may work with or against others to attain their goals,” (323). Furthermore, it attempts to explain why some individuals are better at attaining their goals than others, “individuals with mastery goals may perceive low interdependence with others, because they reach their goals when they improve their individual performance,” (325). This information is subtle and easy to read as to why individual, groups and relationships make goals in
Most recent theories on motivation conclude that people will start certain behaviors under the belief that this behavior will accomplish desired goals or outcomes. With Lewin (1936) and Tolman (1932) leading the charge, the goal-oriented behavior led researchers to want to understand more on the psychological value people attribute to goals, people’s expectations on reaching these goals, and the structures which keep people striving to achieve these goals. After some recent findings on goal-oriented behavior, researchers were able to differentiate different types of goals, whereas before researchers assumed that goals that were valued the same, with the same expectations of achievement, would need the same amount
Prudence rightly orders action because it is the insight into the world of human affairs, which allows us to relate facts to generalized principles. Conversely, the goods of human affairs cannot be ordered in ways that the scientific method can order inert objects. Modern society is saturated with the consolations of techne, a virtue that administers technical rationality. In other words, techne equips us with the “know how” which enables one to perform surgery, throw a baseball, or learn a new language. We have encouraged the all-inclusive allure of techne for the sake of a delusional fantasy in which through technology, we will finally be able to overcome the greatest obstacles which we face. What makes these technologies so hazardous is the fact that they are so “global in their effect and so discreet, becoming less and less conspicuous to both the user and those around them” (Tabachnick 118). Thus, techne should only be reserved for prosaic exercises being that the problems that vex human society cannot endure any single set of rules or
Dan Ariely takes a unique perspective on decision making. Author Dan Ariely proposes that we really aren't as in control of our decisions as we believe we are. Instead we are conditioned to make decisions based on certain influences of our intrinsic and extrinsic life. He refutes the common assumption that we behave in fundamentally irrational ways; He instead proposes our decisions are very rational in our minds. Decision making depends on the person, however their decisions can be easily foreseeable. Ariely goes deeper into the thought that expectations, emotions, social norms, and other invisible, seemingly illogical forces alter our reasoning abilities.
In everyday real life situations, one keeps on making various decisions depending on a number of factors. Thus, decision-making is an integral tool in human life, and one cannot avoid it. In view of this, experts report that individuals make use of varying decision-making models to arrive at a decision that suits them. Here, the writer presents four decision-making models, namely the classical, behavioral, satisficing, and optimizing models.
As decades and centuries pass, technology evolves. Machines become more efficient, and communication between locations becomes easier. Due to this, the process of doing things changes. Especially with the advent of the Internet, it is important to understand and look deeper into the effects of technology on society, as it is “complexly woven into the circumstances and rhythms of social life” (Gasher, Skinner and Lorimer, 2012, p. 155). For this reason, there are various perspectives on technology. These perspectives, as demonstrated by Andrew Feenberg (1999) in Questioning Technology, are: instrumentalism, determinism, substantivism, constructivism, and critical theory. Being a socio-technical ensemble, the smartphone is an example of technology
Humans are complex beings. We have different motivations, goals, and aspirations but what influences us to have these goals? What motivates us to strive for them? Daniel Gilbert, in his essay “Immune to Reality” states we have unconscious processes that influence our behaviors, and also that we heavily rely on acceptance from others. The social pressures we experience on day to day bases are what influence us to change and adapt. Society and how our unconscious perceives the pressures of society make us lose original ideal and make us seek and/or follow power for the sake of belonging to a community.
Rational choice theory, developed by Ronald Clarke and Derek Cornish in 1985, is a revival of Cesare Becca...
Thus, echoing Mills’ (1940) conceptualization of motives as “varying in content and character with historical epochs and societal structures” (p. 913), the vocabularies of human motivation must be considered as fluid and dynamic a concept as the concept of identity itself. Just as the theory of structuration stresses the duality of structure and agency, it must be understood that there can be no agency without structures that shape motives into practices and likewise there can be no structures independent of the routine practices that create them.
The author believes that goals and desires require an individual to be motivated to move from one state of being to the next. This motivation encompasses the emotional, cognitive, social, and biological drives that trigger behavior (Maslow, 1943). Accordingly, the word motivation befalls the frequently used description of why an individual achieves a goal, and the term motivation originates from the Latin root movere, which means “to move.” Therefore, motivation stands as the state that “moves” an individual to act in a particular way. For instance, when one is lying on the beach on a warm summer day and begins to feel hot, the physical need to cool down might cause one to stand up, go to the water for a dip. If the heat remains too over-bearing,
Locke originally introduced the goal-setting theory of motivation in the 1960’s and based his research on previous findings by Ryan and Lewis (Miner, 2015), both psychologists who had studied the impact of intentions and
The decision-making model not as simple as selfish or self-interest, it’s the “theory of human choice based on scientific principles of observation and experiment”, but not “postulation and deduction” (page 397). Observation reflects it has been learned or acknowledged from patient look or research about the cause and effect, experiment means it has been thought, be consider the pros and cons. Even though it might not be think over and think through, it must be different than “creating something out of nothing”. There are four princi...
Individuals make economic decision based on a variety of reasons. The rational is based on each individual’s need or desire for a commodity. People go through several decision-making processes before making the final decision and are often not conscious of the process. Obviously, decision- making covers a wide area, involving virtually the whole of human action. Often people are not conscious of the process.
Now we will consciously or unconsciously make decisions which we think are for the best for us, for the ones we care for, or for the society or organisation as a whole. In order to make wiser decisions we should know what contributes in making a good or a bad choice. We should know what all options are there available to us and mak...
We make choices every hour, every minute, and every second of our lives; whether big or small our choices are slowly putting us in the direction we choose or end up. Many of us do not realize what contributes to the choices we make and why it affects others the same way if affects us and because of this many authors and writers have written stories and articles about coming to terms with making a choice and how to better ourselves when it comes to decision-making for the future.