The Technological Need for Holographic Data Storage
Digital technology has become the latest byword in entertainment and computers. Records and analog cassette tapes have been supplanted with Compact Discs, and now VCRs are being challenged by Digital Video Discs. Multimedia applications such as these consume enormous amounts of storage space, and are challenging the limits of today's storage devices. Many solutions are being put forth in an attempt to keep pace with the growth in demand for digital data storage. Some are evolutionary changes in existing media, which can incrementally increase speed and capacity, while others attempt to circumvent the limitations of present media by using new methods, and promise to leapfrog over conventional technology. Holographic data storage is one of these attempts at creating a new type of high density storage device. However, scientists have been trying to develop a holographic storage device for the past 30 years, when the idea was first proposed. There have been few commercial holographic storage devices released since then, but recent developments in the field and the inertia behind the search for solutions promise to eventually make holographic storage a commercially viable reality.
Holograms have been around for quite a while. Denis Gabor, a British Physicist, pioneered holographic technology in the 1940s (Glanz 736). In his research, he discovered that, "when a beam of coherent light scatters off an object and intersects with another coherent beam, the interference pattern created where the beams cross harbors a three dimensional image of the object . . . . The image will reappear when this 'hologram' is probed with a third beam of coherent light" (Glanz 736). Thus began the field of holography.
Scientists first conceived of using Gabor's holograms to store data over thirty years ago. In 1962, IBM instructed Glenn Sincerbox to research using holograms to store data (Glanz 736). The scientists at the time felt, "The novel technology [holograms] promised devices that could pack information 10 times more densely and fetch it 100 times more quickly than could any magnetic disk or tape drive" (Gibbs 128). The idea of using holograms to store digital data has been around for many years, and its promises have long been apparent.
Holograms are recorded by intersecting an image bearing laser beam with a reference beam. The intersection of these beams records the image into the medium which is being recorded on, and the image can then be read later by shining a reference beam at the laser, which then "reproduces the original image-bearing wavefront" (Heanue, Bashaw, and Hesselink 749).
Controlling chemiluminescent light was how Omniglow Incorporated became the first company to produce light sticks. In 1986, when the first light stick was invented, scientists thought they could make a lot of money selling light sticks. However, since they had to make light sticks by hand, it was harder for them to produce very many of them. Until machines were invented to make light sticks, it cost too much money to make them by hand.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Hard drives can store very large amounts of data ranging from 200GB – 1TB. A hard drive is made up of a magnetic disk that consists of a number of platters/disks that are coated in a magnetic material that rotate at 7200 RPM. The data is encoded into bits and written into the disks as a series of changes in the direction of the magnetic pull, and then the data is read by detecting the changes in direction on the
Times were looking up for African Americans, their new freedom gave them the option to go down a road of either criminal actions or to make something out of themselves. But the presence of racism and hatred was still very much so alive, Klu Klux Klan, although not as strong as they were after the Civil War was still present. Laws like Jim Crow laws and “separate but equal” came into play and continued to show how racism was alive. Besides these actors of racism, blacks still started gaining a major roll in American society.
When a motorist expresses offense over the actions of an aggressive driver, the situation can escalate to acts of road
Whether you believe it or not, 3-D technology has been used as early as the 1800s. The British inventor William Friese-Greene came up with the idea of making 3-D films after creating projection devices. He was a portrait photographer but became utterly interested and fascinated with the motion of pictures. During the 1880s Greene produced a camera with the help of Mortimer Evans. He was very pleased with the camera and decided to continue experimenting until he came up with motion-picture equipment and shortly after he created the stereoscope, an optical instrument that blends two slightly different pictures of the same object to give the effect of depth, which was the beginning of 3-D movies. Unfortunately for him, industries rejected Greene’s idea about 3-D films so he quit experiment...
Another feature that is a first in the console industry is Xbox’s internal 8-Gigabyte (Gb) Hard-Drive or Hard Disk Drive (Hdd). This contributes too much of Xbox’s weight, but gives many features. With this you don’t have a need for a memory card to save your game files, you save them right to the hard-drive. This is a very nice feature on the Xbox, because it saves you money.
Road rage is the act of aggressive driving or behavior that could lead to crucial physical or mental injury’s. In the Green Issue, Brendan Purves describes it as “an individual who commits a combination of moving traffic offenses so as to endanger other persons or property.” (“What Causes Road Rage”, Purves). Many innocent lives are taken because of incidents caused by road rage. Most of these incidents happen in result of misunderstandings or impatience with unaware drivers. Not all of these road rage incidents result in an accident but mostly all of them involve aggressive acts. Some even involve armed weapons, vulgar language, and violent acts. Anyone can experience road rage but its important to stay calm and safe while driving to save
Emotional distress and inequality was heightened during the time period of 1920-1973 for the African American community. Their path to equality would prove to be a long one as numerous incidents arose before they were given equal rights in 1964. During the 1950s, African Americans encountered economic, social and political injustices due to the dominant white supremacy present in the United States of America.
We can attack and reduce the dangers of aggressive driving. Each of us should take a look at our own driving habits and those of our friends and loved ones. The government can help with road improvements and law enforcement, but solving this problem will require people to change their behavior. Working together, we can make our roads safer and prevent deaths and injuries.
Road rage affects everyone, whether you are a victim or suspect. There are mild cases of road rage, like yelling at another driver, and more severe cases, such as getting out of a car and assaulting another driver. Road rage’s severest consequence is death, and many of these can be eliminated. There are three main ideas to keep in mind while driving to help stop road rage. Number one, don’t offend another driver. Number two, be forgiving of other mistakes or lack of knowledge while driving. Number three, do not respond if another driver is showing signs of aggression towards you. If you feel threatened don’t take matters into your own hands, call the police. It is there job to make the roads a safe place, not yours. Now you know what road rage is, who is affected by it, the consequences, and how to make an efforttry to end road rage. If we all work together we can save lives and make the roads a safer
The invention of the camera and its many makeovers has changed the art of photography. The idea for photography came around in 1814 when Joseph Niépce wanted an image of his son before he left for war. He succeeded in making the first camera in 1827, but the camera needed at least eight hours to produce one picture. Parisian Louis Daguerre invented the next kind of camera in 1839, who worked with Niépce for four years. His camera only took fifteen to thirty minutes to produce a picture.
The major cause of aggressive driving is the discourteous or inattentive driver. Driving behaviors include changing lanes to closely, tailgating and "the number one cause is the left lane hog." (Larson 1) These seemingly small errors infuriate the potentially aggressive driver and cause a transformation indescribable to man kind. Reduced law enforcement, highway traffic, the growing congestion is cities, and personal issues play a large role in the disposition of the aggressive driver. Then the angry driver may demonstrate his or her displeasure by speeding around the other vehicle, cutting the other car off, and or with a number of verbal and non-verbal messages. Though the driver may feel justified in his or her action, but the display in most times is very dangerous and often will result in damage to one or both cars involved.
“The one thing that unites all human beings, regardless of age, gender, religion, economic status, or ethnic background, is that, deep down inside, we all believe that we are above-average drivers” -Dave Barry, comedian. The number of accidents over the last ten years have drastically increased, drivers are paying less attention to the road itself. Many individuals behind the wheel of a car believe that their driving does not affect the road conditions, however it always will. The driving habits of today are catastrophic due to the reasoning that the driving will affect other lives through reckless or distracted driving, and disobeying traffic laws.
There are several different storage devices that can be used to store your data. These are the magnetic storage, optical storage, and solid state storage. According to Parsons and Oja (2014), “a magnetic storage devices stores the data by magnetizing microscopic particles on a disk or tape surface” (p
In order to investigate the history of photogrammetry, one must first define exactly what photogrammetry means. According to the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, photogrammetry is the: “art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment, through processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and other phenomena” (ASPRS,2010).