The Structure and Pattern of Australia's Trade

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Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse the structure and pattern of Australia's trade. The report uses trade statistics from 1999-2000 to 2003-04 and theoretical perspectives to help explain the pattern of trade. The focus will begin with the balance of payments in relation to exports and imports, then move on to the determinants of the terms of trade, and finally, an analysis of why Australia's trade pattern is as it is. Note: All figures as shown in Australian dollars (AUD). Balance of Payments The Australian balance of payments is a systematic record of economic transactions between the residents of Australia and residents of other countries. (ABS 5363.0, 2005) Exports Australia's total exports, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, equalled 97,286 million dollars (m$) in 1999-2000. Steady increases flowed to 121,108m$ in 2001-02, however by 2003-04, exports had decreased to 108,906m$ (ABS 1301.0, 2004). These figures are shown in Table 1. Australia's eight largest exporting partners in 2003-04 were Japan, China, United States of America (USA), Korea (South), New Zealand, United Kingdom, India and Taiwan, as shown in Table 2. Table 1: Total Merchandise Exports 1999-2000 -- 2003-04 Year Exports in Millions -2000 97,286 -01 119,539 -02 121,108 -03 115,479 -04 108,906 (Source: ABS 1301.0, 2004) Table 2: Largest Exporting Partners 2003-04 Country Exports in millions Japan 19,798 China 9,912 USA 9,453 Korea (South) 8,473 New Zealand 8,080 United Kingdom 5,132 India 4,861 Taiwan 3,701 (Source: ABS 1301.0, 2004) The composition... ... middle of paper ... ...p://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/StatementsOnMonetaryPolicy/Boxes/2004/2004_05_a_box.pd f) viewed 6 September 2005. Jackson and McIver, 2001, Macroeconomics, 6th edition, McGrw-Hill, Australia. RBA Balance of Payments 2005, Available at: http://www.rba.gov.au/ChartPack/balance_of_payments.pdf, viewed 8 September 2005. RBA Box A 2004, Available at: http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/StatementsOnMonetaryPolicy/Boxes/2004/2004_05_a_box.pd f, viewed 8 September 2005. RBA HO3 2005, Available at: http://www.rba.gov.au/Statistics/Bulletin/H03hist.xls, viewed 8 September 2005.

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