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Social construction of masculinity and feminity
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Social construction of masculinity and feminity
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The Social Interaction of a Men’s Soccer Team
In the field of Anthropology, there have been numerous studies on soccer and the different social plays that the sport contains. Groundbreaking and controversial writings such as Marcelo Mario Suarez-Orozco’s, A Study of Argentine Soccer: The Dynamics of Its Fans and Their Folklore (1982) study the fans and symbolism that surround the game. However, a key element that is often disregarded by anthropologists is the players themselves. Dismissed as the realm of journalists, most studies seem to shy away from the social interaction and symbolism that occurs within the team, and instead focus on how the fans view the game and the games role and symbolism within society as a whole. As a senior soccer player on the Occidental College men’s soccer team, I have a unique insider’s viewpoint on the social world inside a soccer squad, and this perspective can add much to the current argument about the presence of latent homosexuality within the world of soccer.
Soccer at Occidental is an intercollegiate NCAA division three sport. During the season, “the boys” practice together, eat together, hang out together, take road trips together, and many live together. As an example of this closeness, during the season I lived with the six other seniors on the soccer team in a small, cramped house. In the off-season, the team is not as tight, but teammates remain friends, hang out, party, and play soccer a couple of times a week. As a lifetime soccer player and fan, as well as a senior on the Occidental team, I can provide a unique insider’s perspective to the world of soccer. This insider’s view into the social lives and interactions of soccer players offers a contrastive view to some of ...
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...ritique or response to Suarez-Orozco’s theories. I merely wanted to examine whether they existed in the lives of the players at Occidental. I found no evidence to support his theories that the goal symbolizes the anus of the opponent, but I did find considerable evidence to support his secondary theories on masculinity and femininity. Other than sharing the love for a sport, I do not see much connection between what he studied, the fans in Argentina, versus what I studied, college players at Oxy. I was merely interested to see how his theories existed here. Therefore, I am not saying that he was wrong in any way, just that in America, soccer is slightly different.
Bibliography
Suarez-Orozco, Marcelo Mario. 1982. <![endif]>A Study of Argentine Soccer: The Dynamics of its Fans and Their Folklore. The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 5 (1):8-28.
Football is not a game but a religion, a metaphysical island of fundamental truth in a highly verbalized, disguised society, a throwback of 30,000 generations of anthropological time. (“Football Quotes, Great”, par. 12)
The soccer field is the only place he is able to do this, not at school, not at home, and not in his community. Paul has to leave Lake Windsor to be able to play soccer in Tangerine. The kids in Lake Windsor are snotty, rich, and self-centered. But the kids in Tangerine are hard working, resourceful, and proud. During their first soccer game, Paul described the game as, “The Palmetto players got down and dirty right away, and their fans cheered them on.”
Franklin starts by giving reasons why he has used soccer to explain the failure of globalization and also clarifies that his objective is not to argue economic changes and factors, but to address cultural issues. In the first part of How Soccer Explains the American Culture Wars, the author goes into depth that how and why soccer entered into his life and what role his parents played to ensure that their child excelled in the sport. He then talks about the cultural divide in America; the different mindsets of the elite and the working middle class and how individuals from these classes reacted to the introduction of soccer in America in the 1980’s. Moving on, in the second part of his analysis, the author sheds light on the hateful comments of some eminent Americans such as Tom Wier, Jack Kemp, Allen Barra and most importantly Jim Rome. These individuals have openly expressed their hatred for soccer and they believe that it is “not a sport”. To counter claims and criticism made these men, Franklin presents some facts and figures that clearly state that over the years soccer has managed to make its way into the American culture, while the most American sport i.e. Baseball has lost viewership. This section is summed up by differentiating between the stances of two contrasting groups towards globalization. In the last part of the
The cultural importance of soccer is essential to an understanding of the progression of cultural practices in Brazil and the formation of culture in Brazil today. In particular, soccer in Brazil has greatly broken down barriers of a racial stigma that still exists in many well-developed nations today. Franklin Foer discusses this importance in his essay “The Brazil Syndrome.” One of his first main notes is that soccer arrived in Brazil at just about the same time as emancipation in the country, in the late nineteenth century (Foer 41). The significance of this fact is not that soccer was something for every Brazilian to turn to at the time, but that there was a certain shame in the separation of white and black soccer players. The slaves were recently freed and became very intrigued by the sport, as did many of the elite white Brazilians. The elite Brazilians were very prejudiced but were quite undecided about allowing blacks onto their teams, especially considering the shame of slavery due to the recent emancipation. Regardless, African-Brazilians made it onto some soccer teams, whether they were allowed or they snuck on by hiding their skin color in some way. Eventually, the allowance of African-Brazilians onto soccer teams became a requirement for the teams to be successful, because the teams that were not mixed race were simply not good enough to compete with those that
Research guided by conflict theory generally falls into the following categories: 1) studies of how athletes become alienated from their own bodies; 2) studies of how sports can be used to coerce and control people; 3) studies of sports and the development of commercialism in society; 4) studies of sports and various forms of nationalism and militarism; and 5) studies of sports and racism and sexism. (Coakley, 1998) In the book, Meggyesy provided examples of each of these categories which occurred during his footba...
The soccer controversy dealing with gendered wage gaps only reinforces the idea that gender is a psychologically ingrained social construct instead of an innate quality, especially in a patriarchal society where women oppression is still prevalent (Risman, 1998). As Hope mentions, “this day and age is about equality and about equal pay. We are pushing that and to be treated with respect.” By conveying this statement, Hope and her teammates are not only expressing their concerns about the gendered pay gap in soccer and in other realms of the work field, but they are also illuminating the existence of a pay gap as a larger sociological problem; a problem where a woman makes 76 cents for a man’s dollar (Sklar, 2012). Similar to other sports like basketball and football, soccer is conventionally portrayed as a manly sport with a great amount of physical contact, rigor, sweat, pain, skill, concentration and will.
Current theories link the cause of diabetes, singly or in combination, to genetic, autoimmune, viral, and environmental factors (obesity, stress). Regardless of its cause, diabetes is primarily a disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent or insufficient insulin supplies and/or poor utilization of the insulin that is available. The two most common types of diabetes are classified as type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes and secondary diabetes are other classifications of diabetes commonly seen in clinical practice
...will decide how much tribalism they wish to get involved in, even if it is simply wearing the jersey; or getting involved in heavy duty teasing with the rival fans of their favorite football team; or even if they simply decorated their own home with every piece of team collectables available for purchase. Whatever an individual does or decides to continue to do I remain convinced that it is actually the tribalism that is more important that the football and if that tribalism dies, than professional football becomes starved of its founding roots and dies. And that my friends, is the scariest thought of it all. Even though I am a strong supporter of tribalism in football, I do feel as that the extreme football hooliganism violence that takes place in the book “How Soccer Explains The World” is unnecessary and the violence does not need to happen along with tribalism.
In the world of sport, soccer and football with respect to demographic has had numerous controversies. Although both sport are known famously around the globe, for many years fans from both sides are known for asking, is American football same as soccer? What’s the time limit on both sports? What’s the game objective? Do they use the same ball? However they both have similarities and differences which I will be talking about in this essay.
In the Westing Game money acts as a sign of power to show in the end money is the not the final goal and when money is involved we forget about how much more powerful emotional value is. People use things and want things with artificial value because we give it power. Power gives us control which we take and use it towards something with an emotional sense of value. The problem is that people naturally get caught up in the power of money and forget about things with emotional power. Causing us to forget about things with emotional value and eventually lose what people started saving for.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition which afflicts millions of people around the world. It is related to the insulin hormone, which is secreted by cells in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. In someone who has diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is produced. There are three main types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestational. I will be discussing type 1 and type 2.
Diabetes is one of the main causes of illness and death worldwide. Nearly 25.8 million people of the U.S population have diabetes (Mathur). In the world, about 18.8 billion people of all races, children and adults of all ages, are diagnosed with this disease (Mathur). Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that makes up the muscle tissue in the body. It is the brain’s main source of fuel (Christian). There are three main types of diabetes: which are Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not produce any insulin at all. Type 2 is when the body does not produce enough insulin or when the insulin is not working correctly. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy (Christian). If a person has diabetes no matter what type it means that there is too much glucose in the blood, and this could cause serious health problems (Christian).
Owens, Thomas and Helmer, Diana Star. The History of Soccer. New York: The New York Times. Rosen Publishing Group, Power Kids Press, 2000.
There are three types of diabetes. They are called Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes. For the most part Type 1 Diabetes is usually caused by genetics or a severe childhood illness that has damaged the cells in the immune system. Type 1 diabetes is often called “juvenile diabetes“ and is commonly found in children. On the other hand Type 2 diabetes is often found in adults. There are many factors that cause Type 2 diabetes. A few of those factors are obesity and poor lifestyle decisions such as no exercise and overea...
...another huge factor that affect diabetes. If an individual with diabetes is being overwhelmed with stress, their body responds to it through threat, causing stress to go throughout the body sending the glucose levels through the roof. With stress comes the risk of heart conditions, strokes, and mental health conditions like depression or anxiety, so if the stress levels are low then the risk of these other health concerns are low.("Diabetes and Genetics") Sleep is also a necessity to have with having type 2 diabetes, because sleep deprivation causes behavioral side effects.