Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The advent of British rule in India
The advent of British rule in India
British rule in india introduction essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The advent of British rule in India
The British economic interest in India was the main factor behind its presence in the subcontinent due to the raw material and market that the region provided.1 To protect their interests, the British East India Company recruited and maintained troops from the local population called the Sepoys.1 Through their various actions in the past, they had assisted the British to conquer territories; thus, the region became a British protectorate rather than their colony. The relationship between the British and the Indian Sepoys was amicable back in the 18th and early 19th century as they worked together. However, tensions began arising due to various factors which ultimately led to the historical rebellion. Dissatisfactions began arising on both …show more content…
It started in Meerut then spread to Delhi, Cawnpore, Jhansi, Indore, Punjab, Jaunpur and Arrah. The incident occurred on a Sunday when the British soldiers were off duty to attend church services and rest. The Indian soldiers had planned to rescue their jailed countrymen who were brought to court after refusing to use their fire arms whose cartridges were believed to have been made from beef tallow, as the use of material was against their religious and cultural beliefs.The rebellion was a factor in the end of the East India Company rule since the mutiny was a reaction of their poor leadership. The British government decided to dissolve the East India Company rule and establish a direct connection. Since the actions of the Company were responsible for the rebellion and all the atrocities that took place, the British government decided to rule the territories directly.1 This move allowed the British government to offer better leadership that was far much better than the Company’s …show more content…
However, the rebellion changed their approach on how to retain their control over areas that participated in the mutiny. Instead of losing the areas, the British decided to establish a firmer control over the land and colonized it directly instead of using the rajahs of the area. This came as a surprise to the locals who expected opposite results due to the resistance against British rule. The minimal links that existed between the British government and the area were strengthened so naturally a political and trade system that matched with the British style was
Such case is true, for our textbook, and document 1. Both clearly state the rebellion was triggered off of the cartridges used to seal the new rifles. The full story that is written in these documents is that the rebellion was caused because the British started bringing over a new and improved rifle for the Sepoys. This may have been a good thing if amplification of rumors. A rumor that the sealant for the new rifles were made of cow and pig fat became popular. Since most of the Sepoys were either Hindu or Muslim, this offended their religion. The Hindu's sacred animal was the cow, and the Muslims did not eat pork. Because of this, both of these religious groups found these rumors to be extremely offensive, and are said to have revolted because of this. This issue with the cartridge may have had a small impact on the start of the rebellion, but it is hard to believe that this was the sole situation that caused the entire
Chapter 1: Introduction The problem of internal revolt is inherent to all empires, as it is difficult to consistently maintain authority over a large and diverse population. Although empires have taken steps to prevent a loss of control from occurring, even the utmost vigilance has either not been enough, or has lapsed long enough for a revolt to occur. The resulting uprising might be minor, or it might be serious enough to threaten a crucial territory. How empires have dealt with a major internal revolt is instructive in several ways: it tests whether or not the empire's military is strong enough to deal with revolts, it tests the ability of the ruler or the ruling class to maintain their authority in the face of the challenge, and it provides a way to examine an empire's policies by looking at which ones may have contributed to the revolt, and which were changed or introduced in its aftermath.
These improvements and benefits from British rule eventually led to Indian nationalism. The exposure to European ideas caused an Indian nationalist movement, the people dreamed of ending Imperial rule.
Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement in India to regain their freedom. He believed that there should not be a Caste System because of one’s birth.
The British considered Indian civilization to be inferior and implemented their western ways, overriding ancient Indian customs. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that British imperialism in India resulted in both positive as well as negative reforms in political, economic and social aspects of its new colony. To begin with, one can observe that the British colonizers did indeed improve Indian civilization by developing means of communication and transport. They built a great number of bridges, over 40,000 miles of railway and paving an astounding 70,000 miles of road (Doc. 4. The adage of the adage.
The rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada were in the interests of self-government but were doomed to failure from their beginning. Each of these two colonies encountered a great deal of problems right from the institution of the Constitution Act of 1791 and the problems continually got worse until the only choice to some seem to be rebellion. There were several problems that lead to the rebellions of 1837-38. In Lower Canada there was the agricultural crisis that caused a large number of starvations, to the French and English political and social problems within the colony. There were several different reasons that caused the rebellion in Upper Canada but these caused were mainly rooted in the idea of Anti- Americanism that was held within the Family Compact. Both rebellions had valid causes and noble intentions but they lacked the most necessary part for a rebellion to succeed in its intentions, the support of the people. Without support these two rebellions could never succeed.
Short term consequences would lead to long term benefits as the attempts of a rebellion in 1837 demonstrated. The efforts of Upper and Lower Canada were “two parallel, separate movements”1 attempting to reform the broken political system in which the British government reigned supreme. This was a system where the French-Canadians were denied real power and control over their own government; where all the real power lies in the British governors. While the French aims to regain power over their economy and culture, the British would continue to deny them their wish while hoping to assimilate the French-Canadian culture altogether.2 At this point, assimilation was a very real threat seeing how the French were overpowered by the British both in terms of hierarchy and in terms of numbers. In the state of affairs, two prominent groups were in clear opposition: the Patriotes, lead by Papineau, were French-Canadians who put their efforts in hopes for, whom strives for, a government where the French majority (as it was in Lower Canada) could have a say in regards to colonial affairs.3 On the contrary, The Chateau Clique was composed of elites that would make up the Legislative Council, leaving the Legislative Assembly that composed of French-Canadians powerless. The injustice of the system was bound to fuel the Patriotes’ motivation in bringing a reformation of government. This was one of 3 equally important factors that would result in the the rebellions in Lower Canada: “a desire to develop democratic political institutions, an exploitation of the colony’s economy, and the creation of a colonial identity” 4
After the Battle of Plussey in 1757, Britain gained a much control over India. The British East India Company exercised power in this region instead of the Queen of England. The Company brought British soldiers and missionaries to the foreign land. The military in India was comprised of European troops and Indian troops resulting in a variety of weapons present. The weapons of the English people were a lot more different than those of the Indian people. The Europeans were the officers in this military and the Indians were common soldiers. The Indian Soldiers were known as the Sepoys. There were various events before the actual revolution that were significant to the cause of the Sepoy Revolution. In 1806, the introduction of new clothing/appearance regulations sparked a minor rebellion, but this was easily controlled and suppressed by the British. In 1856, the East India Company anne...
Mind changing, Decision making It could be possible that the rulers ultimately knew they where benefiting only themselves. The way that great Britain taxed, estricted trade and made colonist change to there choices of religion, effected the peoples chance to be enlightened. There were different acts that played a large role in the colonial experience. Taxing and stopping the peoples right to be enlightened just made people want to be secluded and on their own or in other words independent.
There is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India. India, having previously been an group of independent and semi-independent princedoms and territories, underwent great change under British administration. Originally intended to consolidate their hold on India by establishing a population that spoke the same language as their rulers, the British decision in the 1830s to educate Indians in a Western fashion, with English as the language of instruction, was the beginning of a chain of events, including a rise in Indian nationalism, that led to Indian resentment of British imperialism and ultimately to the loss of British control over India.
The mutiny, regarded by many as India's first War of Independence, was to have important consequences and the structure of British India was to be re-organised extensively. Increasingly, India came under direct Crown rule as the British East India Company was dispossessed of its functions and, in 1877, Queen Victoria was crowned Empress. Despite the severity of European reprisal as each territory had been regained and its subsequent defensive proposals of military alteration, a measure of conciliation had been introduced to administrative policy. Integration of the higher castes and princes was now considered important, land policy was revised and plans for radical social change were shelved.
In the 1600's the English took advantage of the crumbling Mughals. In 1757, Robert Clive led an unquestionable victory against the Indian Forces at the Battle of Plassey. After that battle, the East India Company was the leading force in India. Eventually, the company governed directly or indirectly areas that included modern day Bangladesh, most of southern India and almost all of the land along the Ganges River in the north. Until the 19th century, the East India Company ruled with little to no interference from Britain. The company had even established their own army. The company staffed its army with British and Indian Soldiers, or Sepoy, with the Sepoys eventually out numbering the British soldiers ten to one. Mountstuart Elphinstone, the governor of Bombay referred to the Sepoy army as “a delicate and dangerous machine, which a little mismanagement may easily turn against us.” (British Imperialism in India.)
Its monarchy has led them to success with nationalism and patriotism, and even some of their own thought that ruling over more countries (particularly India) would make them “the greatest power in the world” (Roberts, p. 225). They were interested in imperializing and having control over others, to spread their beliefs and government across the seas. All they needed was “food, raw materials and cash” while they supplied “minerals and capital and sold services” and traded their goods with Europe (Roberts, p. 50). Trading with other countries and having to rely on Britain for large goods further pushed them as a clutch for some countries to continue their own rule. Queen Victoria, who ruled over Britain, believed that they could not be defeated; the thought of it did not even exist, which brought forth a very arrogant political party. They believed that to follow their type of rule will guarantee results of overall success and power against other countries (Roberts, p. 108). For example, the British antagonized the Egyptians by decreasing employment rates and raising taxes without the possibility of Egyptians becoming part of their own office. With the lack of the people representing themselves, the power of a foreign nation continued to dominate and further influence the colony’s
The decision to grant independence to India was not the logical culmination of errors in policy, neither was it as a consequence of a mass revolution forcing the British out of India, but rather, the decision was undertaken voluntarily. Patrick French argues that: “The British left India because they lost control over crucial areas of the administration, and lacked the will and the financial or military ability to recover that control”.
As a direct result of the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian presence in the British army was reduced to almost a half of what it had been. Also whereas before Indian regiments had been allowed to exist separately, they were now incorporated to be part of larger British regiments. High caste Hindus and Brahmins were stereotyped as dishonest, because of their role as provokers and their nationalist sympathies. The opposite can be said of such groups as the Sikhs, who were portrayed as model citizens and soldiers.