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Unreliable narrator in modernist texts
Childhood memories -effect in personal development
Literary essays on memory
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Recommended: Unreliable narrator in modernist texts
There are many uncertainties with the accuracy of memory which are shown in Julian Barnes’ book, “The Sense of an Ending”, through the perspective of the protagonist, Tony Webster. Tony is attempting to regain his memories to find himself as he comments on his past and realizes his imperfect memory. Barnes demonstrates the difficulty of recollecting memories in order to find ourselves. Tony’s past is tangled up with so many stories and events that he did not necessarily take part in. This causes a problem for him to find the truth due to the absence of information. Tony himself retells the story of his life and tries to uncover and make sense of all the loose ends he experienced in his life. His confusion and all his assumptions of the …show more content…
Tony starts off his narration by saying that “[he] remember[s], in no particular order” (Barnes, 3) and goes on to explain certain images or events that he remembers but ends by saying “[t]his last isn’t something [he] actually saw, but what [he ended] up remembering isn’t always the same as what [he] witnessed” (Barnes, 3). He is telling his story in a nostalgic, chronological order from his school days to college to his marriage and eventually to his present life basing it off memories he is not completely sure of. Even though there are imperfections to the memories he is gathering, he still accepts his own version as the real truth. Although, as time passes Tony learns to acknowledge that his memory is faulty and accepts it as it is. Barnes displays how Tony is creating false memories and therefore the memories he recollects are creating a false self. Based on the inaccuracies of those memories that represent his past, Tony becomes a new creation with a new identity. People create themselves based on their experiences and Barnes is suggesting that memory can create a wrong identity and character that others judge and believe based on the stories that are told from the self whether accurate or …show more content…
Veronica and Adrian started a relationship a little after her and Tony were together and he had written them both a letter where he believed he was helping them out and looking out for their best interest. Now, when he looks back on this letter in the present time he realizes how harsh he sounded because “[all he] could plead was that [he] had been its author then, but was not its author now. Indeed, [he] did not recognize that part of [himself] from which the letter came. But perhaps [it] was simply further self-deception” (Barnes, 97). When he thinks back on this letter he only feels remorse because he has caused a lot of damage even though time has passed. To support the argument that his memory is eluding him by affecting who he is and how he got this way, he always felt that they were the ones in the wrong for doing what they have and he was the victim but now he understands it was always him. His personality changes as certain aspects of his memory teach him that “how the witnesses to our lives decrease, and with them our essential corroboration. Now [he] had some all too unwelcome corroboration of what [he] was, or had been” (Barnes, 98). This goes to show how altering behaviors can alter one self and how memory can affect us for the rest of our
“Wes was so confused. He loved and respected his brother. Tony was the closest thing Wes had to a role model. But the more he tried to be like his brother, the more Tony pushed back.” (72) Wes then got his girlfriend pregnant 4 times and dropped out of school to help out with her. With multiple arrests for shooting someone and drug dealing. Tony his "so called role model" helped Wes rob a jewelry store and they were convicted for murdering Sergeant Prothero along the way. Tony's motives were right but he never really got across to Wes with leading him in the right direction. Tony tried to push Wes away from the drug game but Wes was to drawn to it.
Malcom comes up to Tony after the meeting and gives him a book to read called “The Greatest Miracle in the World”. Tony isn’t a fan of reading but he ends up reading the book and then every Monday continues to meet with Malcom and they talk about the book or the other books or thoughts Malcom asks Tony to read or think about.
Maria had no authority over her restless family. The source of the conflict between Antonio and Maria originates from her oldest sons taking to going where they please and not caring about their parent’s wishes. The burden of pleasing their parents passes from the eldest sons to the youngest one. With the sole duty of pleasing his parents, Tony internally rebels against their wishes instead seeking to set to rest his churning mind by seeking his own beliefs. His brothers console themselves about abandoning their family by saying that “Tony will be her priest” (Anaya 36) and not knowing that the “dreams of their father and mother [haunt] them” (Anaya 36) also haunted Antonio. Having the responsibilities of his brothers and his family shape the way he grows and thinks. He isn’t just thinking about himself he also has the problems of redeeming his family on his head. Through the story and through Ultima Tony realizes that he is not bound by obligations and can instead shape his own
“If the human race didn’t remember anything it would be perfectly happy" (44). Thus runs one of the early musings of Jack Burden, the protagonist of Robert Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men. Throughout the story, however, as Jack gradually opens his eyes to the realities of his own nature and his world, he realizes that the human race cannot forget the past and survive. Man must not only remember, but also embrace the past, because it teaches him the truth about himself and enables him to face the future.
In the end, Tony plays the role of both hero and villain. His wife, Marcela, represents both the whore and the virgin Mexican-American. The both prove unfaithful: Tony to America and Marcela to Mexico. Herein lays the schizophrenic world in which good and bad coexist across the borders of two emerging world countries struggling for control of land and culture. There’s a price to be paid for such human greed and unrealistic expectations. Ultimately it proves to be a place where virtue doesn’t remain intact and villains abound, even among the good guys!
Tony did not want his younger brother to follow in his footstep but “Tony was now full-time in the streets, splitting his time between his father’s and girlfriend’s apartments in the Murphy Homes Project. He was a veteran of the drug game at eighteen”(The Other Wes Moore 57). Tony lived a life of crime when he became a drug dealer which earned money for him as a leaving. Though it did create a source of income for the struggling family, this was a very negative example for the young Other Wes to live by. As a result of not having any other people to help guide him to a successful path to living, Other Wes reverted to living by Tony’s destructive actions. Inevitably, Other Wes joined Tony on the streets selling various drugs as a career. His street life consumed his entire life so much he eventually dropped out of high school to concentrate on selling drugs. His illegal activities became so detrimental to his life that it resulted in prison on multiple occasions due to drug deals and firing a handgun. The role Tony had on Wes contributed towards the actions and downfall of Other Wes. His life could be the same, however, a different role model could have drastically changed his mindset and kept him off the streets which resulted in him living a destructive and
In Bless Me Ultima, Tony embarks on a rocky journey to discover who he is and what he believes. Tony must make the transition from a naïve six year old boy to a mature man. His experiences continually call his basic beliefs into question, and chip away at his innocence. For example, when he witnesses the brutal death of Lupito, he starts to question many ideas; sin, good and evil, punishment, and his faith. He begins to see the world of man as violent and sometimes ruthless, not the friendly, loving world where he had previously resided. He even becomes concerned about his own father's salvation because of Gabrielle's involvement in Lupito's death and begins to see his father as less than perfect. Death continues to haunt him when Narciso, a good man, is killed defending Ultima, while Tenorio, an apparently evil man, is spared. These outcomes are not what he believes should have occurred and yet again, a piece of his innocence is stripped away as he sees life is not always fair. He is beginning to realize that he must define his own beliefs.
Another example of the evolution of Tony's sense of good and evil through the utilisation of setting is Tony's own home. To him, his home provided him with warmth and safety. This was due to the people who lived in the house. Antonio's father creates a sense of protection in the home. When Tenorio and his men come to he house to take Ultima away, Tony's father "would let no man invade his home" (pg 123). This gave Tony faith that as long as his father was around, he would be protected. Antonio's mother made home a loving and caring place to be. She would always baby Antonio and give him the affection he needed whenever he needed it. The morning after Tony had seen Lupito killed, Ultima tells Tony's mother not to be too hard on Antonio; he had a hard night last night. His mother puts her arms around Tony and holds him saying he "is only a boy, a baby yet" (Pg.28). The Virgin also makes the atmosphere of Antonio's home peaceful and protected. Tony loves the Virgin Mary because "she always forgave" (Pg. 42). Tony thought she was "full of a quiet, peaceful love" (Pg.42) which she filled the home with. The most important person who contributed to the goodness of Antonio's home was Ultima. She made Antonio feel as though her presence filled the home with safety, love, and a sense of security. When Tony saw Lupito get killed, it was Ultima who calmed him. Whenever he had a nightmare, Ultima was there to comfort Antonio and "[he] could sleep again" (Pg.
In conclusion, these two coming-of-age stories of Tony and Ofelia contrast in situation, but the powerful similarities in themes lead them both to the same initiation into adulthood. Both begin innocent and absorbed in fantasy and fairy tales, both begin to be disillusioned by religious themes, and both have their fantasies and dreams struck down by violent realities.
Finally, when he knew that he could bear it no longer and would welcome death itself, he opened his eyes and was once again on the bed,” (Lowry 120). Jonas has lived his life in a Community that does not learn about the past memories. Due to this ignorance that the Community instilled in him, it is harder for him to deal with the memory of war. Moreover, the Community uses ignorance as a temporary solution so that the residents feel a false sense of happiness. Jonas can only now see that this is a temporary fix by experiencing the memories through his training.
He takes a necklace for his Gina, who is now grown into a beautiful young women and one thousand dollars’ cash for his mother. His sister is very excited to see him, but his mother not so much. His mother knows how he is making his money and is disgusted. She refuses the money he tries to give her and throws him out. This part of the movie shows a small glimpse into Tony’s past. A conversation between him and his sister, reveals that he was in the army with the communists and that is father abandoned them. It shows his deep love and protection for his sister as well as hers for him. He is able to sneak the money to her. Manny makes small comment about how beautiful Tony’s sister has become and Tony’s rage surfaces, instructed Manny to keep his mouth shut and to stay away from his
Steffens, M., & Mecklenbräuker, S. (2007). False memories: Phenomena, theories, and implications. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie/Journal Of Psychology, 215(1), 12-24. doi:10.1027/0044-3409.215.1.12
In the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind stresses the importance of memory and how memories shape a person’s identity. Stories such as “In Search of Lost Time” by Proust and a report by the President’s Council on Bioethics called “Beyond Therapy” support the claims made in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.
Tony’s Story which was written by Leslie Marmon Silko who is a Native American author, is told from the perspective of the main character Tony. It takes place on a native reservation called a Pueblo in the United States. Tony’s Story
It has been stated that the application of memory functions in fictional works which act as a reflective device of human experience. (Lavenne, et al. 2005: 1). I intend to discuss the role of memory and recollection in Kazuo Ishiguro’s dystopian science-fiction novel Never Let Me Go (2005).