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Theory of evolution - Charles Darwin’s ideas of natural selection
Evolutionary psychology esay social
The role of genetics in society
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Humans have been studied over a period of long time in order to understand our process to do things and what thoughts go into that process. Human nature varies and is unpredictable, it has been studied for so long over the past few centuries that one thing is for certain; the building blocks of it is essentially the same to every human being. One of the fundamentals of human nature is the selfish gene and The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins “show how both individual selfishness and individual altruism are explained by the fundamental law that I am calling gene selfishness” (Dawkins 6). For those who want to understand Dawkins’ theory about the selfish gene, one must be somewhat accustomed with Charles Darwin and his ideas about evolution, which should not be hard because it has been taught to us since middle school. Darwin’s theory of evolution is the fundamental blocks of Dawkins’ idea on the selfish gene. It’s a safe assumption to say that Darwin would have understood Dawkins’ theory and have agreed with it based on the fact that it is essentially Darwin’s theory. Dawkins intended for the book to be read by three groups of people describing them as, “the layman, the expert and the student,” (Dawkins xxi). He wanted to entice them to understand that while there are two ways to look at natural selection, gene and individual, he was going to concentrate on social behavior. In order to do that he has broken down the book into eight main parts that consists of: the concepts of altruistic and selfish behavior, genetic definition of self-interest, deceit, sex ratio theory, evolution of aggressive behavior, kinship theory, reciprocal altruism, and natural selection of sex differences.
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...xception to that; he was able to write a science book that I was able to learn everything he was trying teach. The Selfish Gene was such an intellectual and quirky book that consisted of all the things need to produce the outcome of readers who were taking in all the information that they have learned and were able to make sense of what was being told.
The boundaries set by our society has hinder human nature which is thought by many to be animalistic and dark implicating that a powerful motivating factor of human nature is to seek gratification and evade misery. Therefore without all the boundaries and rules that society has placed on us, we would pursue whatever our hearts craved and ignore others and the repercussions that are actions have on other individuals.
Works Cited
Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene. New York, NY: Oxford UP, 1978. Print.
Yes, Reconstruction was doomed to fail. The first reason for this was that Lincoln started a plan or policy for Reconstruction before the Civil War was over (page 792 of our assigned readings). Lincoln said that "he intended to to deal with the defeated South "with malice toward none" and "charity for all" to "achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves (Page 792 of our assigned readings)."" The first problem with this thought is that who knows how the war would play out? Yes, Lincoln believed that this proposition would help end the war, but was that a good time to begin Reconstruction? Before the war even ended? Lincoln's plan eventually angered many Radical Republicans, and that is how the Wade-Davis Bill was introduced.
In this society, you can not do things alone where everything is done together with someone else and it goes against what the people believe in to do something alone. In this world you can not do whatever you like because everyone does the same as you- what you are told to do and if you disobey, things go wrong.
"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." (Robert Frost) In today's world there is no tolerance for the individual thinker. It is not acceptable to modify or bend the rules of society. Society is civilized, and to be civilized there must be rules, regulations and policies that prevent. Individuality leads to a mess of chaos. To prevent disorder, institutions in society keep these rules strongly enforced. Man creates these institutions in order to provide convenience and stability in everyday life. Then instead of man running these institutions, the institutions begin to reverse the role of power and the institutions are running man. He is rendered helpless to what he has created. With the institution in power it has become smarter and stronger than man, working to destroy individuality with the invisible machine running smoothly. Positions of power and authority are given to some. The power changes those who it into an unfeeling, ruthless, cold machine. Also they become part of the institution, forgetting the real purpose of their jobs. Institutions force individuals to bend and mold the standard and give up freedom and individuality. Some individuals are unable to conform when their will to remain creative and self-reliant is too strong; they fight against the current that society and its institutions create. Beating the system is another thing; those who attempt to beat the system are often referred to as romantics because they do not focus on the reality of situations. The system cannot be beat. If one official of an intuition is taken down there will be a many more waiting i...
... destroying others to preserve ourselves as Miss Emily did. We also must not isolate ourselves by becoming drawn into behavior that is self destructive. It does not matter if its an effort to find the ultimate truth or become the perfect society. Once we start believing that wrong is right or up is down, we will find that we are isolating ourselves to our own delusions and on the path to destruction as the protagonist in “The Yellow Wallpaper” did.
The idea that society, which is created by people, can in turn act upon people is a difficult concept for humans to grasp. Instead, it is easier for humans to realize that actions happen by forces external to themselves and...
According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, altruism is defined as an “unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others”. In simpler terms, altruism is unconditional kindness. Altruistic behavior has been a controversial and obscure subject among biologists, including Charles Darwin, who was one of the first to try and explain this phenomenon. “To explain the evolution of altruism, Charles Darwin suggested that natural selection could act on groups as well as individuals--an idea known as group selection”(Schwartz). Group selection, which was based off of Darwin’s theory of natural selection, was the theory that an individual organism would sacrifice itself (seemingly selflessly) for the good of the entire population, hoping that its actions would save the group from annihilation and therefore allow for the continuation of the group’s gene flow into its descendants. Darwin explained that groups with members “ready to give aid to each other and sacrifice themselves for the com...
The Road is a phenomenal example of how raw human nature shapes peoples’ decisions. It addresses the behaviors of people neither informed nor controlled by a social order. In the essence of The Road, people’s actions are highly dependent on the person’s basic needs. A lack of basic human needs often results in the more disturbing view of human nature. (Gilbert pg. 43) Betrayal, suicide, and cannibalism are all examples of behaviors that human nature can bring out of people.
Why Evolution is True is a book by Jerry A. Coyne about how modern man slowly evolved from single cell organisms. This book has changed my whole perspective of evolution. Before I read this book I was a strong believer in creation but while reading this book I realized that there are to many connections between all of earths animals. I am unable see a scenario where we could share so much of our genes with other creatures and still say that we did not evolve from other animals and were just created by a god.
Dunnell believed that evolutionary biology is a better method to explain evolution in cultural anthropology and archaeology rather than cultural evolution. The main problem with biological evolution is the dilemma of altruistic behavior in humans, which is the exact opposite of natural selection. Dunnell states that altruistic behavior is “the ultimate of the selfish principles” (Dunnell 1996: 26). The original solution to the issue of altruistic behavior was thought to be to change the scale of which natural selection works from that of the individual to the group. However, Dunnell gives three reasons why this change usually would not work. First, the individual, not the group, is the mean by which the reproductivity occurs. Second, the individual is the mean by which observable characteristics show themselves. Finally, changes in higher levels of ranking in society, such as that of the group, are too slow for ...
Conclusion: It is often difficult for individuals to disobey authority figures and groups based on these primary reasons; individuals will obey malevolent authority as from legitimate figure, decision making are often influenced by groups and unceasing quest for achievement causes humanity to have a hard time disobeying any legitimate authorities or groups given the fact that we are acting on self-deception in order to satisfy our inner ego, groups and with structural laws given to us as the correct way to obey.
In reality, the complete civilization is compelled by some inside dynamism that has no commander. All actions are under full observation, others make all judgements, but no one is in control. In this society, the law entails seamless conformism. Everyone are retold that, “Routine flawless is flawless routine” (Ripp, 2001). The people are programmed with the belief in electrical resistance, and this resistance is a persistent cue that independence is incorrect and all people are made for the multitudes. A society no longer compelled by the aspiration to create happiness for its people, but the want to be
The concept of human nature has been theorized and debated repeatedly by philosophers throughout history; contrasting arguments regarding whether or not human beings are intrinsically competitive, or compassionate have been put forth by Thomas Hobbes and Peter Kropotkin. Understanding human nature is important in order to properly understand why human beings behave in the manner that they do, and whether or not all people instinctively are made to think similarly. Being equipped with this knowledge can allow for one to better understand events in history and different aspects of life, such as politics.
Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ermst Fehr. “Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans.” Evolution and Human Behavior 24 (2003): 153-172. Web. 5 Feb. 2012
Sigmund Freud once said: “Most people do not really want freedom, because freedom involves responsibility, and most people are frightened of responsibility”. Humans are by nature selfish and cruel, but conceal their inner desires and act in ways accepted by society. When all traces of civil society disappear, humans are prone to express their nature to it’s fullest and act impulsively, unless they possess a strong enough conscience to override it. According to Sigmund Freud, this impulsiveness, it’s opposing force of reason and the combination of the two represent the three main aspects of human nature, commonly referred to
...y are bombarded from birth that they should desire and pursue money, power, fame, and success. Without achieving these goals they are seen as failures. Strain theories have shown that placing too much emphasis on individual success and the pursuit of happiness through the accumulation of power and wealth, can lead to an increase in crime.