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Intimations of immortality text
Christianity impact on literature
Poetry on death and rebirth
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The Search for Immortality in On the Beach at Night and Sunday Morning
The search for immortality is not an uncommon one in literature. Many authors and poets find contentment within the ideals of faith and divinity; others, such as Whitman and Stevens, achieve satisfaction with the concept of the immortality of mortality. This understanding of the cycle of death and rebirth dominates both Walt Whitman's "On the Beach at Night" and Wallace Stevens' "Sunday Morning" and demonstrates the poets' philosophies of worldly immortality.
Both poets present readers with characters questioning the apparent transience of nature. Whitman's young girl weeps to see the black "burial-clouds that lower victorious soon to devour all," (line 12) just as Stevens' young woman is saddened "when the birds are gone, and their warm fields/Return no more" (lines 49-50). These characters, unable to grasp the entirely of the cycle of mortality, are dismayed by earthly loss they continually observe.
Whitman and Stevens similarly structured "On the Beach at Night" and "Sunday Morning," in that their narrators answer to their characters' concerns by explaining, or at least hinting at, the beauty of the perpetual cycle of mortality. "Something there is more immortal even than the stars,/(Many the burials, many the days and nights, passing away,)" (lines 28-29) whispers Whitman's narrator. "Death is the mother of beauty; hence from her,/Alone, shall come fulfillment to our dreams/And our desires," (lines 63-65) echoes Stevens. Through their suggestions of this death-rebirth cycle, Whitman's and Stevens' narrators assuage their characters misgivings. Further, both poets utilize Jove/Jupiter as a metaphor for seeming immortality, and perhaps more famili...
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...h, Whitman tackles a point which Stevens avoids: Whitman's narrator sees even the divine as subject to the cycle of immortality, while Stevens does not make such a connection. Stevens, instead, focuses on the human aspects of theist religion, specifically Christianity. In doing so, he eludes a theological argument by focusing instead on the sociological issue of religion.
The resulting poems, "On the Beach at Night" and "Sunday Morning," express similar beliefs about the cyclical nature of life. Their similar structures, of a doubting character and persuasively responding narrator, allow the poets to profess their beliefs about the character of mortal life. And although Stevens focuses on refuting his contemporary religious practices and Whitman centers on acknowledging his personal theology, the poems equally address the search for immortality in the human world.
When I read poetry, I often tend to look first at its meaning and second at how it is written, or its form. The mistake I make when I do this is in assuming that the two are separate, when, in fact, often the meaning of poetry is supported or even defined by its form. I will discuss two poems that embody this close connection between meaning and form in their central use of imagery and repetition. One is a tribute to Janis Joplin, written in 1983 by Alice Fulton, entitled “You Can’t Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain.” The second is a section from Walt Whitman’s 1,336-line masterpiece, “Song of Myself,” first published in 1855. The imagery in each poem differs in purpose and effect, and the rhythms, though created through repetition in both poems, are quite different as well. As I reach the end of each poem, however, I am left with a powerful human presence lingering in the words. In Fulton’s poem, that presence is the live-hard-and-die-young Janis Joplin; in Whitman’s poem, the presence created is an aspect of the poet himself.
The poems facilitate the investigation of human experience through illustrating life’s transience and the longevity of memory.
In a subtle way, he gives the reader a feeling of lightness and life, because in the last four lines he begins all of the lines with "A's" and as you read it you get that choral "Hallelujah" feeling. Whitman shows you the light. He tells you why death is a good thing. There is no more fear. "To die is different from what any one supposed, and/luckier.
This resemblance brings the religious connotation into the poem. He compares the soldiers (Jesus) to nature, "like a swift-running river they fade" (line 18); which gives the impression that to him, God is nature. Whitman also incorporates phrases such as, "I am faithful" (line 56) to reinforce this religious connotation. After all, death is in many ways related to religion, every religion has a theory on death. He states: "-poor boy!
Whitman is giving a more graphic example of how sex is a natural thing. By comparing the act of reproduction to death he shows just how natural of an act sex is. Everything that is born will eventually die. He feels that the natural curiosities of the human sexual appetites should not be denied or not discussed because of social standards. Not only is sex a "miracle" that is a part of him, but also nature and the universe, and each individual part should be celebrated.
"look in vain for the poet whom I describe. We do not, with sufficient plainness, or sufficient profoundness, address ourselves to life, nor dare we chaunt our own times and social circumstances. If we filled the day with bravery, we should not shrink from celebrating it. Time and nature yield us many gifts, but not yet the timely man, the new religion, the reconciler, whom all things await" (Emerson 1653). Emerson is stating how everything can be a poem and a poet can reflect on valuable resources like nature to draw on and write. Whitman clearly uses this guide in order to write his poetry. He agrees that nature is a valuable tool.
The theme of Time to Come presents the mystery of life after death and calls attention to how vulnerable it’s victims are. Whitman begins his poem with the strong metaphor “ O, Death! a black and pierceless pall” (1). This bold statement allows the reader quickly realize that the work will somehow be connected to death, but in an insightful manner. The alliteration of “pierceless pall” emphasizes death’s ruthless approach. Whitman then describes death as a “mystery of fate” that " No eye may see, no mind may grasp” (3-4). This points out that death lingers in the future, essentially waiting to seize lives and nobody can know when th...
Predominantly the poem offers a sense of comfort and wisdom, against the fear and pain associated with death. Bryant shows readers not to agonize over dying, in fact, he writes, "When thoughts of the last bitter hour come like a blight over thy spirit, and sad images of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall, and breathless darkness, and the narrow house, make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart -- go forth under the open sky, and list to Nature 's teachings." With this it eludes each person face their own death, without fright, to feel isolated and alone in death but to find peace in knowing that every person before had died and all those after will join in death (Krupat and Levine
The parallel structure, more specifically anaphora, present at the beginning of each line in the first stanza is no longer present, which illustrates a newfound sense of freedom and self-reliance. Moreover, Whitman’s use of active voice such as “I wander’d” and “look’d suggests the speaker is actively engaged in the learning process, experiencing astronomy first hand by submerging himself in the “mystical moist night air” and surrounding himself with the stars. Once again, the reader experiences Whitman’s emphasis on the importance of experiential learning.
In any medium of art that is personal to the artist, a change in the artwork can represent a change in the artist. During a period of depression a musician may write heavier, less upbeat music, or a painter may shift to darker tones and more downcast themes. The medium of poetry certainly has the power to reflect the writer's moods and mental state, and the poetry of Walt Whitman's demonstrates this power. A comparison of "Song of Myself," one of Whitman's earlier poems, and "As I Ebb'd With the Ocean of Life," a poem from later in his career, reveals a great change in Whitman from a man of confidence and optimism to one of dissatisfaction and self-doubt.
With its clever use of poetic structures, thought-provoking literal meanings, and awe-inspiring figurative language, Stevens’ “Sunday Morning” provides a riveting analysis of Death as an agent of change and nature as a beautiful mother. Yet most of all, the poem offers the reader another path to happiness, and by following Stevens’ thoughtful advice, the reader might just live a more fulfilling life free from a fear of death.
Life and death is the basic key in the poem “stopping by woods on a snowy evening.” Frost illustrates to the reader how this man took a moment to enjoy nature and life with no obligations to attain
He likens his poetry to nature also. He uses "words, like weeds..." (5.9) to envelope himself from the pain. His poem is "this poor flower of poesy" (8.18) but he writes it anyway since it once pleased his dead friend. "I go to plant it on his tomb./ That if it can it there may bloom,/ Or dying, there at least may die" (8.22-24). At this point he is considering the possibility of life continuing, at least through his poetry. Yet he does not seem to care about this possibility strongly. If there is no life within his poetry, then he feels its proper place is dead with his friend. Further into the poem, the immediate frenzy of grief has subsided, and he reflects upon his grief more calmly. "Calm is the morn without a sound,/ Calm as to suit a calmer grief, And only through the faded leaf/ The chestnut pattering to the ground" (11.1-4).
This very equality is what keeps all societies affecting each other’s individual freedom. For Wallace Stevens this is a nightmare and wishes he can escape outside the box; whereas for Walt Whitman this is a blessing to be connected in such a spiritual way and know that connection between on another will never fade. Regardless of the difference in views the fact remains that both these poems have given proof that the environment around you will always play a key role in the freedom you experience.
Within the first paragraph, Whitman addresses America’s need to move on and learning from its pass, but never forgetting it, so that the nation can become stronger. The quote, “The corpse is slow borne from the eating and sleeping rooms of the house,”means that old habits die hard and it is okay for beauty to be viewed