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Covenants in the old testament
The Biblical Idea of the Covenants
Covenants in the old testament
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A lot of Christians today do not believe that the scripture of the Old Testament has authority. Jesus though, stated many things about the Old Testament. Here are just some examples of what Jesus said about the Old Testament. Jesus taught the Old Testament was a “source of authority”. When Satan confronted Jesus, Jesus used the Old Testament as His foundation for His authority by saying “It is written,” (Matt. 4:4). The Old Testament is unbreakable, “Scripture cannot be broken,” (Jn. 10:35). Jesus used it as His source of Doctrinal Authority. Jesus always referred back to the Old Testament when correcting false doctrine, “You are wrong, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God” (Matt. 22:29). He confirmed the truthfulness of the Old Testament, “Your word is truth” (Jn. 17:17). Finally, He taught that the Old Testament was the accepted books in Jewish Scripture. Jesus referred to the entire Old Testament by mentioning all the prophets from Abel, the first martyr to Zechariah, the last martyr (Matt. 23:35).
The law was central to God’s old covenant with the people of Israel, and many Jews in Paul’s day still saw it as critical to how God’s people lived. Therefore, in Romans, Paul frequently deals with questions about the law. The pinnacle of his treatment comes in Rom 7, where Paul powerfully argues that the Law of Moses, rather than having a positive effect on people’s lives, stimulated sin and brought death. The law does not and cannot bring victory over sin and death since sin is defined and even promoted through the law. But those who have died with Christ are set free from sin and the law.
Paul states in “Or do you not know, brothers —for I am speaking to those who know the law—that the law ...
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...fe of the Israelites. But God never intended that people should view it as a way to earn salvation, namely: by keeping it perfectly.”
As Christians if we are obeying Jesus’ command of “loving God” and “loving our neighbor” we are following the Ten Commandments, because they all flow into these two commands given by Jesus. The Old Testament Law was condemning, as all men are sinners and unable to fulfill the law and it pointed the way for mans need for a savior (Rom. 7:7-9; Gal. 3:24). Since we could never obey the Old Testament Law, God sent His only begotten Son Jesus Christ. If we “love our God” and “love our neighbors,” we will be following the two greatest commands Jesus gave to his followers. As unworthy sinners we should praise and honor God for the gift of salvation He provided to us. It is in Jesus Christ that Old Testament Laws are fulfilled.
From my reading of Galatians, I would say that we should not follow the Jewish Law. If the Jewish law were the only way a person can be saved, then there would be no need for Jesus’s death. The apostle Paul also noticed this error because he tells the readers that because of his new understanding of the Law, he has come to reject the Law (Galatians 2:19). The Law is not the “end-all-be-all”, it is simply a filler until Jesus. Before the time of Jesus, people needed a moral code to live by, but they have a new Law to follow: the teachings of Jesus Christ!
As we have seen before in Galatians 4 v4, his humiliation was made under the law, even as the Law giver.
The Old Testament law is seen as irrelevant by most modern Christians today. Christians are now under the blood of Jesus Christ which is said to abrogate the Law. Galatians 6:2 says, “Bear one another's burdens, and thereby fulfill the law of Christ.” The law of Christ is to love God and your neighbor as yourself. This does not mean, however, that the Old Testament Law does not apply to Christians today. Author J. Daniel Hays expounds on this topic in his article, “Applying the Old Testament Law Today,” and focuses on the hermeneutical approach of Principlism. This approach allows the Old Testament Law to be viewed in light of the New Testament.
In The Letter of Paul to the Galatians, Paul addresses the conflict of Gentile Christians’ unclear relationship towards Judaism by urging both Jewish and Gentile believers to reexamine the Mosaic Law. This letter by the apostle is a defense of his mission of converting the churches of Galatia towards Christianity. During the early Christian movement, there was controversy surrounding the degree to which Gentile Christians should adhere to Jewish law, with Paul moving them to disregard it and follow a different path towards Christianity. Paul describes in his gospel a way in which faith in Jesus Christ frees his followers from traditional laws, and urges the Galatians to heed him instead of his opposition among the Jewish church. Paul effectively persuades his audience to abandon unnecessary laws of Moses to achieve an understanding of the importance of faith in Christ through an appeal to ethos and logos, and through allegories that introduces a reinterpretation of scripture and a new interpretation of God’s role in Christianity.
Throughout scripture, the words of God are spread among the text through means of the Law. The Law is the word of God that commands one to do what is right based on God’s standards (Mueller, 38). The Law serves as a basis to reflect God’s holiness. The Law is God’s overall demands for people to do right things or else, there are some punishments to expect from failing in His commands. The Law tells people what and what not to do and the consequences for failing to do the right things that God wants us to do. Since the law is reflected upon God’s holly image, it is good. “Though it threatens and accuses sinners, the Law does so as part of God’s plan to reveal our sin and our consequent need for salvation” (Maas, 40). Therefore, the law gears people towards the image that God longs for us to display. Although one cannot be completely righteous, there is a possibility of coming close to it by following the goodness of God. “For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God’s sight, but it is those who obey the Law who will be declared righteous” (Romans 2:13).
"There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set me free from the law of sin and death" (Rom 8:1-2). Paul believes if you are in Christ Jesus, then you will be saved. Because of Jesus' selflessness, he has freed us from sin and death. God had created the world through wisdom and with Adam we then were under the reign of sin. Then, with the resurrection of Jesus, He freed us from the law and we entered into a period of grace with God. We are living by the Spirit in an era of grace, so therefore we should be dead to sin. Paul explains this in greater detail in the beginning of Romans in 3:9.
After all, “God is a God not of disorder put of peace” (1 Corinthians 14:33). It is important to first understand the contexts of each of their teachings. Jesus ministered to Jews and was sent to fulfill the law. Jesus states, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill” (Matthew 5:17). Jesus was preaching to a group that understood the prophecies and was attempting to convince the Jews of his identity by fulfilling the law. Conversely, Paul ministered to Gentiles who were apart from the law. Instead of the law creating opportunities for Jews to come to Jesus, it was dividing the church and creating problems. This may help explain why Paul seemed to focus more on grace. The two were preaching the same religion, but presenting it in a different way to fit to what their audience needed to hear at that time. Paul writes to the Romans that, “sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace” (Romans 6:14). This does not imply that the law is now completely irrelevant and that “we [should] sin because we are not under law but under grace” (Romans 6:15). Instead, “through the law comes the knowledge of sin” (Romans 3:20). Therefore, we should have a desire to not sin and please God since Jesus has provided us so much grace. Jesus actually does teach about grace, but not in a way as straightforward as Paul’s letters. One example is the parable of the laborers in the vineyard. The landowner hired workers who could not find a job and then was “generous” in providing wages, paying everyone the same no matter how many hours they worked (Matthew 20:1-16). Jesus may have been indirect in his teachings of grace because he taught the Gospel before his resurrection, which means the people could not yet fully comprehend the large amount
Luther states “the law is spiritual. If the law were for the body, it could be satisfied with works. Because it is spiritual, however, no one can satisfy it- unless all that you do is done from the bottom of the heart” (Luther 77). What Luther really means by this is that law can only be fulfilled where there is a spiritual heart and where that spirit is absent from the heart then there is sin and dissatisfaction with the law. A law is achieved by doing works which God decides if we are performing these tasks with the will of God from the heart. However, one will be punished by God for performing deeds when there is no heart because God is not satisfied by individuals who only do good works when others are watching or to get something in return. (Luther 76). Laws are meant to keep the sinful attributes of individuals under control through the fear of punishment. The law shows anyone that compares their life to Christ’s life who was without sin that he or she is sinful. God gave us law not because he is harsh but to help society maintain order and is also a guide so that we can know what good works will please God. The book of laws are found in the Old Testament which teaches what individuals can and cannot do. The Old Testament is comprised of the demanding of good, stories of how laws can be maintained or broken, and promising the forgiveness of sin (Luther 98). The apostles use the
What did Paul mean ‘the law was contrary to us?' Isn't it honoring to the Lord to give some back for what He has given us? The truth is, the Law itself, all law, is contrary to us. When Jesus brought us to a relationship with God, it’s no longer about a law, but about loving, and serving Him without any threat above our heads. No matter the form of law, people who are mature and live their lives according to their conscience, any command which places under duress is not of faith, but is offensive, and contrary to true worship; contrary to the nature of love, which should be our motivation. We certainly should give back what God has given us, however, as soon as I respond to being compelled, I am back to being a slave, simply doing what I am
Paul also addressed the Jews specifically warning them that if God judged the Gentiles who suppressed the revelation they had received, the Jews should not believe that they would escape the judgement of God simply because they had received the Law of Moses. These Jews were judging others for things that they did themselves, thinking they would escape punishment because they were Jews (2:1-3). Paul warned that they were storing up God’s wrath against themselves because they would not repent for their sins (2:4-5). God rewards or punishes individuals based on their works, not on their ethnic background or on their knowledge of the Law (2:6-13). Paul argued that the Gentile’s conscience would serve as the basis for their judgement (2:14-16) and the Law would serve as the basis for judgement for the Jew.
Holding true to obedience of God’s laws and proceeding with honesty and integrity may jeopardize Paul’s standing; however, such is the cost of being true to one’s faith and the Christian worldview (DiVincenzo, 2014).
Upon reading his letters on the accounts of Jesus, I am deeply disturbed by Paul’s numerous contradictions, jarring hypocrisies, blatant anti-Semitism, and demeaning antifeminism. Even more troubling is Paul’s consistent failure to not ever quote Jesus, but to make the recipients of his letters rely solely on the fact that God and Jesus consecrated him, Paul—according to Paul, himself (of course). Paul believes that he has been chosen, much like Abraham, Noah, Moses and the Prophets to carry out Jesus’ demands of how people should live until Jesus returns. However, unlike Abraham, Noah, Moses, and the Prophets, Paul does not dictate t...
Unfortunately for Christians, there is actually very little law in the Bible -- either Old Testament or New -- that is original. Consider the Torah of the ancient Jews. The laws of the Babylonians, Assyrians, Sumerians, Hammurapi, Eshnunna, Hittites, Mishnah, and Israelites all bear a striking resemblance to each other, due to widespread copying of laws. Shared social norms produced identical laws against sorcery, kidnapping, sale of an abducted person, false witness, business dishonesty, bribing judges, property right violations, shutting off irrigation canals used by others, etc. The complete list of identical laws and customs is quite extensive. & nbsp; Nor is the New Testament's approach to the law unique.
And again, “Nevertheless knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the Law but through faith in Christ Jesus, even we have believed in Christ Jesus. . . since by the works of the Law shall no flesh be justified.” Gal. 2:16.
The New Testament (NT) as we know it is a grouping of 27 books that make up a bigger picture. The word “testament” comes from the Greek translation of the word diatheke which means “a disposition or a contract. Covenant or testament” These are called the NT to fulfill the Old Testament (OT) prophecy in Jeremiah 31 where God promised the new covenant to wipe out all of the sins of the Jewish nation. When we read the Gospels, this is the main reason why Jesus continually went back to the OT. It was His method to defend Himself, but also to prove to the Jews that He is who He says He is.