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20th century gender roles in literature
Female role in literature
Gender Issues In Literature
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Kate Chopin’s early life was characterized by a lack of male role models in her life, at a young age she lost her father and two brothers and moved in with her great-grandmother, grandmother and mother whom all were widows. All of these were strong, independent women and so Chopin hardly ever experienced male subjugation towards females which was the usually the case for women in the current society. Years later she married Oscar Chopin and had six children but still never fulfill a conventional role of wife or mother, she was able to enjoy privileges that other women didn’t have. Despite Chopin’s unusual background, her works reflect the struggles faced by the majority of women with great insight and consequently, this allows us to see how
This lack of autonomy is what lead Edna to have an identity crisis, she was given labels of what she ought to be, which were mother and wife. However, this didn’t fulfill her and as time went by she grew dissatisfied with such roles. “Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual life—that outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions.” (Chopin 18) She lives a double life with an inner and outer self, she finds her outer counterpart is willing to comply with societal standards but her inner part wants to act completely different and rejects what has been assigned to her. As a result, this sparked the need to seek for her independence, “"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn't give myself. I can't make it more clear; it's only something which I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me." (Chopin 52). This is a turning point in the story since in essence Edna is saying that even though being a mother is a priority to her, staying true to herself goes above everything else and this is what marks the start of the journey of her awakening. Unfortunately, she also
At the beginning of the novel, Edna follows her husband’s instructions like a reflex but as the story moves forward, she beings to defy him and put herself first for a change. These actions were frown upon and would be regarded as characteristics that make a woman unfit to marriage since being submissive was considered a requirement. This ongoing theme about gender based duties speaks to my life in great magnitude due to the fact that I grew up in a Hispanic family where the gender roles are stablished strictly and we hold great responsibility about upholding them. Even though the novel was written in a different context, I can still see this same outdated thought in the environment back in El Salvador. A common example of this is how women are still expected to remain virgins until marriage and if they are unable to do so then it means they lost their “purity” but on the other hand, men don’t have to comply with the same rule. This scenario is just of many situations that happen but, what is the most surprising is how this type of thought becomes adherent to girls from a young age. I have to include myself when saying that I have become involved in this type of close minded thinking and have even judged women that choose a non-conventional lifestyle for a Hispanic country. It is difficult to move
In fact, Edna seems to drift from setting to setting in the novel, never really finding her true self - until the end of the novel. Chopin seems highly concerned with this question throughout her narrative. On a larger scale, the author seems to be probing even more deeply into the essence of the female experience: Do women in general have a place in the world, and is the life of a woman the cumbersome pursuit to find that very place? The Awakening struggles with this question, raising it to multiple levels of complexity. Edna finds liberation and happiness in various places throughout the novel, yet this is almost immediately countered by unhappiness and misery.
In the first direction, the reader witnesses the era when women only existed to make the male happy. The main character Edna finds that she has nothing to do other than stay in the house bored, since even her children are raised and cared for by servants. Day after day, all Edna is permitted to do is care for her husband and be there whenever he needs help or entertainment. Woman at that time could not vote, could not go out without a male escort, were not allowed to smoke in public, and were not allowed in the work place. These ideals set by the male driven society caused Edna to face her second trend of free will, conflicting with her other direction of oppression.
... running off, yet after her newly found awakening, she is unable to revert back to being a subservient mother at the cost of her independence. Edna's decision to commit suicide preserves not only her children, but also her reputation and her independence in a society devoid of options for women desiring both.
In the end, her internal conflict tears her apart and, to escape the feeling of entrapment, she drowns herself. Edna’s internal journey reflects the struggles of women during the Victorian era, as well as the meaning of the novella as a whole. Gender roles of the time confined women to living as married housewives with children. These limitations and expectations were a seemingly pressing issue for Chopin and other women of her time. Edna’s journey also highlights the importance of finding oneself apart from their duties.
A situational irony is one many techniques that stands out throughout the story in the practice of women's roles in the eyes of Edna. "I would give up the unessential; I would give my money; I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn't give myself. I can't make it more clear; it's only something I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me"(47). Edna tries on one occasion to explain to Madame how she feels about her children and how she feels about herself, which greatly differs from the mother-woman image.This specifically contrasts the mother-woman idea of self-sacrificing for your husband and children. Also, the "something . . . which is revealing itself" does not become completely clear to Edna herself until just before the end, when she does indeed give her life, but not herself for her children's sake. Although Edna loves her children she does not confuse her own life with theirs.There is a certain portion of Edna’s identity the "essential" which Edna argues belongs only to herself, and that she would never give it up for anyone, not even her children. Edna is not satisfied with devoting her life to her husband and children, she craves
When her husband and children are gone, she moves out of the house and purses her own ambitions. She starts painting and feeling happier. “There were days when she was very happy without knowing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day” (Chopin 69). Her sacrifice greatly contributed to her disobedient actions. Since she wanted to be free from a societal rule of a mother-woman that she never wanted to be in, she emphasizes her need for expression of her own passions. Her needs reflect the meaning of the work and other women too. The character of Edna conveys that women are also people who have dreams and desires they want to accomplish and not be pinned down by a stereotype.
Kate Chopin was born February 8, 1851 in St. Louis. Her father was an Irish merchant and her mother was the daughter of an old French family. Chopin’s early fluency was with French and English, and her roots in two different cultures were important throughout her life. In 1855 Kate’s father Thomas O’Flaherty was killed in a train wreck which left her mother heart broken and Kate was left being raised in a female household by her mother, grandmother, and great grandmother. Her grandmother had a huge impact on Kate's life and taught her female views on life such as love, dreams, imagination, and storytelling to capture a world not yet experienced (Jones, Michelle L. Dictionary).
Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” tries to shed light on the conflict between women and a society that assigns gender roles using a patriarchal approach. Specifically, Margaret Bauer highlights, that most of Chopin’s works revolve around exploring the “dynamic interrelation between women and men, women and patriarchy, even women and women” (146). Similarly, in “The Story of an Hour” Chopin depicts a society that oppresses women mostly through the institution of marriage, as women are expected to remain submissive regardless of whether they derive any happiness. The question of divorce is not welcome, and it is tragic that freedom for women can only be realized through death. According to Bauer, the society depicted in Chopin’s story judged women harshly as it expected women to play their domestic roles without question, while on the other hand men were free to follow their dreams and impose their will on their wives (149).
When Edna was just a child “she had lived her own small life all within herself. At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual life—that outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions” (Chopin 14). Edna Pontellier has always had two parts to her life: an internal one that challenges society, and an exterior one that assimilates to it. In the novella, The Awakening, Kate Chopin explores these two parts and explains how Edna tries to balance the two. Unfortunately, with both of these parts behaving simultaneously in opposite directions, Edna is unable to survive. Edna is not truly independent because she refuses to choose between her personal desires and society’s expectations.
Since Edna digs herself a big hole of conflict, she finds a couple of ways for people to believe that she is disobedient. The first way that people think Edna is successful in her rebellious attitude is when she is stubborn and fights with her husband about silly stuff. One thing she fights with him about is coming inside from lying on the hammock and she refuses after he tells her to come in. Mr. Pontellier said Edna is crazy “I can’t permit you to stay out there all night” he commanded her to come inside (Chopin 53). In the Victorian era people were working on a movement towards women’s suffrage and social equality except there was still a rigid social structure that has a constricting effect on women. Mr. Pontellier can still tell Edna what to do but she was being insubordinate and tells him “no”. Dramatic characterization is shown here and is describing her as stubborn. Another way people think Edna is victorious with rebellion in her society is that she will do whatever she has to, to hold onto her own happiness. Edna will give up her children, husband and herself if
Women have traditionally been known as the less dominant sex. They have been stereotyped as being housewives, and bearers and nurturers of the children. Many interesting characters in literature are conceived from the tension women have faced with men. This tension is derived from men, society, and within a woman herself. Even though these stories were written during the 19th century when modern society treated women as second class citizens, in “The Storm” and “The Story of an Hour,” Kate Chopin illustrates how feminine power manifests when the female characters are able to discover their freedom.
During the nineteenth century, Chopin’s era, women were not allowed to vote, attend school or even hold some jobs. A woman’s role was to get married, have children
Edna marries her husband, not out of love, but out of expectation of society and her family’s dislike of him. She is a young woman when they marry; she has never had a great romance. The closest thing to passion she
...ree for his problems and treats her with disrespect. The issues and problems in Kate Chopin?s stories also connect with issues in today?s society. There still exist many men in this world who hold low opinions of women, are hypocritical in their thoughts, dealings, and actions with women, and treat honorable, respectable women poorly, just as Charles and Armand did in Chopin?s stories. Women in ?Desiree?s Baby? and ?A Point at Issue? strive for personal freedom and equality which equates to modern times in that some women are still paid less for doing the same job as men and in some countries, women still cannot vote. The relationship between men and women in Chopin?s stories still, in some effect, directly apply to today?s world.
From Chopin’s writings we can see that he is exposing the workings of a world that kills individuality by forcing men and women to subscribe to the ideal. Kate makes a comment on the conflicts engendered by social and sexual roles. Masculine possessiveness has been revealed as the pivotal problem with husband, wife, and marriage (Kate). But not only does Chopin make this revelation, expose this world - additionally she subverts and overturns it. In other words Chopin has made this world more about woman than it was previously known for which was male dominant culture. Also Chopin undermines patriarchy by endowing the other, the woman, with an individual identity and a sense of self, to which the letters she leaves behind give voice. But the real version of herself is actually created by the men that she is around. Therefore the mast plot of her existence is actually false. The only problem with this new and aggressive sexuality was that the New Woman movement did not exactly explicate how a woman was supposed to apply it. The adulterous relations that women read in novels seemed like a fantastic way to overturn convention, but it was not very credible for these new feminists to tell women to cheat on their husbands (Kate). Some women tried to emphasize