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Basic medication safety
Impact of medication errors on health care
The role of a pharmacist
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After reading the articles, it is clear that pharmacists play a critical role in improving the health of patients. In my opinion, pharmacists are fundamental in terms of how successful patient centered medical homes (PCMHs) are by optimizing medication management, thus increasing medication adherence, safety, and quality of care. In PCMHs, pharmacists play a vital role in community and population health by educating the public on medication safety policies and collaborating with other healthcare teams to improve quality of care.
I learned that there are many issues with the prescription medication system. Drugs are frequently prescribed for chronic conditions, however, the documentation of all drugs being taken is often inaccurate or incomplete.
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Pharmacists possess skills and knowledge that is complementary to other healthcare team members. I think the best way a pharmacist can be integrated into PCMHs is through the embedded model. In this model, a pharmacist practices in the PCMH office setting through a partnership between the PCMH and a hospital pharmacy.5 The pharmacist is still able to provide the same MTM services as the employed model, however, this model is more affordable because the pharmacist’s salary is shared between the PCMH and the hospital. Other articles discussed the promising results of collaborative drug-therapy management through MTM.5,1 In this, a pharmacist and physician establish a system where a pharmacist can modify drug therapy for specific patients. This form of team-based care also involves a high level of patient engagement. Patients are actively involved so that they are educated about the medications they are on and the treatment plan. This allows the pharmacist to use their skills in motivational interviewing to develop a medication plan for the patient, then relay information such as progress and problems to the other professionals on the patient’s team. The collaborative drug-therapy management system requires a high level of communication between the pharmacist and others. Without effective communication, the PCMH and collaborative drug-therapy management system would not be effective even with a pharmacist fully
rofessionals from different disciplines collaborating to provide care to patients. Effectively coordinated and collaborative inter-professional teams are essential to the care and treatment of patients (Rowlands & Callen, 2013; Doyle, 2008; Ruhstaller, Roe, Thürlimann & Nicoll, 2006; Simpson & Patton, 2012, p. 300). Communication is a process of conferring information between individuals through use of speech, writing or various other means, and is critical to the success of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) (Higgs, McAllister & Sefton, 2012, p. 5; Rowlands & Callen, 2013; Sargeant, Loney & Murphy, 2008). An MDT must use multiple strategies to enhance communication and ensure their success (Doyle, 2008). An effective MDT generates opportunities that benefit healthcare, which is the reason for the recent dominance of inter-professional care in health practice (Simpson & Patton, 2012, p. 300; Rowlands & Callen, 2013). Many barriers prevent effective communication within inter-professional teams. Lack of communication within MDTs presents challenges to their success, leading to numerous consequences, including the failure of the MDT (London Deanery, 2012; Sargeant et al, 2008). Communication between professionals is the key factor underpinning the potential success or failure of inter-professional teams, the outcome of the functioning of MDTs will either benefit or impair care of patients.
... for every pharmacist. This ratio dictates that pharmacists can not oversee every aspect of technicians’ jobs. It is this singular fact that very few people realize. The pharmacy technician who receives no formal training is responsible for not just the delivery of a patient’s medication, but also for their bill, their confidential information, and their life. The question now is, how can an uneducated individual be given so much responsibility? Technicians are granted these responsibilities because a pharmacist can not do the job alone. Pharmacists strive to mold each new technician into an employee that will realize what technicians really do. Pharmacists and technicians provide patients with safe and accurate medication in a timely manner. This is not a task for pharmacists or technicians alone; it is task that requires both personnel in order to be accomplished.
Some method such as audits, chart reviews, computer monitoring, incident report, bar codes and direct patient observation can improve and decrease medication errors. Regular audits can help patient’s care and reeducate nurses in the work field to new practices. Also reporting of medication errors can help with data comparison and is a learning experience for everyone. Other avenues that has been implemented are computerized physician order entry systems or electronic prescribing (a process of electronic entry of a doctor’s instructions for the treatment of patients under his/her care which communicates these orders over a computer network to other staff or departments) responsible for fulfilling the order, and ward pharmacists can be more diligence on the prescription stage of the medication pathway. A random survey was done in hospital pharmacies on medication error documentation and actions taken against pharmacists involved. A total of 500 hospital were selected in the United States. Data collected on the number of medication error reported, what types of errors were documented and the hospital demographics. The response rate was a total of 28%. Practically, all of the hospitals had policies and procedures in place for reporting medication errors.
The more health care professionals collaborate, the more knowledge is used, and patient safety can be maintained. Communication is related to interprofessional collaboration, because health care professionals collaborate with each other about the patient through communicating with each other. “Collaboration among nurses, physicians, and other members of the care team can improve the outcomes of care for patients” (Engel & Prentice, 2013; IOM, 2010).
I learned a lot from this experience. As I mentioned earlier first time when I saw pharmacist doing medication reconciliation I felt it is difficult task to do and hence I started getting more information about medication reconciliation from my friends and pharmacist whenever I got a chance. I prepared myself before I expose myself in this area, which helped me to gain more confidence when I was performing medication reconciliation with standardized patient. I learnt how important is Pharmacist role in finding and solving medication related discrepancies. From this activity, I learnt that it is very important to communicate effectively with patients and other health care providers. If I am unable to communicate properly I will not be able to
“Physicians and other health care professionals all agree on the importance of effective communication among the members of a health care team. However, there are many challenges associated with effective interprofessional (between physicians and other health care providers) communication, and these difficulties sometimes lead to unfavourable patient outcomes” (Canadian Medical Protection Association, 2011 p. 11).
I pleased to apply to the PharmD program as the program is one area that corresponds to my career dreams. Being part of this program gives one the opportunity to gain an excellent experience in working and collaborating with various health care providers in the ward. But more importantly, it facilitates a practical environment in dealing more closely with patients. Hence, it helps to provide the ultimate health care services to patients. Also, it permits me to carry on gaining different knowledge, skills, and values in addition to those I have already developed during my undergraduate studies. My interest in being a clinical pharmacist was first aroused during my SPEP rotation in the hospital setting where I was really impressed with the role of clinical pharmacists who provide a consistent process of patient care with healthcare teams to maintain the appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of the medication use. Unlike a pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist has a more diversified responsibilities and closeness to direct patient care. Moreover, provides
Studies have shown that patients fail to adhere and comply with medicines because of lack of understanding. [1] Gordon et al (2007) conducted a study which aimed to identify medication related problems and identify approaches to support patients to manage their medication. Problems with access to and the organisation of services was one of the findings highlighted from the study. Pharmacy can address the issues associated with organisation of services, patient education and engaging patients in decision making about their medicines in the home during consultation.
The process of prescribing medication is complex and involves many individuals seamlessly collaborating together in order for the process to flow smoothly. The prescribing process has numerous areas which can cause errors to providing the patient with the correct prescription. There are four main parties responsible for prescription errors: the physician, the pharmacist, the nurse, or the patient. A breakdown between any of these individuals could lead to a medication error. The Division of Medication Error Prevention and Analysis (DMEPA) defines a medication error as, “any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in control of the health care professional, patient,
Between 1997 and 2005, the average number of prescriptions each American filled rose by 4.5 prescriptions per year (Healy). The responsibility of a patient’s health should lie between a doctor and a patient. Product-specific
First, here is some important background information about Pharmacists. A Pharmacist is someone who is trained and licensed to distribute medicinal drugs and to advise on their use. According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook Pharmacists do all of the following: "Fill prescriptions, verify proper amounts of medication to give to patients, check whether the prescription will interact negatively with other drugs that a patient is taking or conditions the patient has, instruct patients on how to and when to take a prescribed medicine, Advise patients on potential side effects they may experience from taking the medicine, Advise patients about general health topics, such as diet, exercise, managing stress, and on other issues, such as what equipment or supplies would be best for a health problem, Keep records and do other administrative tasks, Complete insurance forms and work with insurance companies to be sure that patients get the medicine they need, Teach other healthcare practitioners about proper medication therapies for patients, and lastly oversee the work of pharmacy technicians and pharmacists training."() Some pharmacists participate in compounding, where they create medications by mixing ingredients themselves. Pharmacists tha...
Effective communication skill is vital for health careers success. For Pharmacy Technician, Communication skill is perform to communicate undoubtedly and adequately with patients, their family members, physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other health care professionals. There are two categories of communication skill 1) verbal 2) nonverbal. The main objective of this essay is learning various elements of verbal and nonverbal communication and identifies obstacles that impact communication. Effective two ways communication eventually provide benefits to patients experience, trust, satisfaction and better adherence with medicine uses. Being effective communicator requires practice and serious attempt to manage conversations with
Pharmacists have very important roles in healthcare from all angles. Physicians and licensed practitioners that write a written prescription, the pharmacist reviews patient history, health conditions, and interactions with the new medication prescribed. As a pharmacy technician (for six years) I had a somewhat of an overview on what they accomplished in a shift but did not know everything on what I know now from this research. Pharmacy students that are in the process to obtain their doctor of pharmacy (D.Pharm.) go through a series of training, education and internship to become a well-rounded pharmacist.
Pharmacists often work together in a team with other healthcare professional like physicians and nurses. In the process, pharmacists will give advice to them on the selection of medication, by providing the evidences based on the dosage form, the side effects and possible interaction with food of the medication. On the other hand, pharmacists also take part in research and clinical studies. Recently, pharmacists are recruited to conduct pharmacy-based research in pharmacies. (Swanson, 2005)
The professional responsibilities of pharmacists in independent pharmacy are huge. To the patient, pharmacists are