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George orwell research for the road to wigan pier
The great depression in Britain
The great depression in Britain
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George Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier is a fascinating and complex work divided into two parts. The first part of the publication delves into the harsh realities of life in England’s industrial north, delivering a detailed and compelling investigation into what it meant to be working class in Depression-era England. The second section of the book is more personal, an introspective reflection on Orwell’s own class identity, biases, and the concept of Socialism. While personally an advocate for Socialism, Orwell is nevertheless unafraid to call out the movement for what he perceives as its failings. Overall, Orwell’s message is three-pronged and abundantly clear: The trappings of capitalist greed have created prejudice and appalling conditions for the working poor in Britain, Socialism is the best remedy for these conditions, and Socialism is at risk of losing to Fascism due to its perception in British society. …show more content…
He uses this section to share a series of chapters based on his firsthand experiences in Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the West Midlands, all heavy industrialized areas of northern Britain. Sent by the socialist Left Book Club to look into the mass unemployment facing the U.K. in the 1930s, Orwell spends time bouncing around from one community to the next, living as a “tramp” and staying primarily in lodging houses around the region (5). He reports on the living conditions of working class families such as the Brookers, who ran a lodging house and were considered decently well-off by working class standards (14). He then delves into various topics such as the coal industry, housing shortages, unemployment, and malnutrition and how they contribute to the desperate situation of the working
The book The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century by Robert Roberts gives an honest account of a village in Manchester in the first 25 years of the 20th century. The title is a reference to a description used by Friedrich Engels to describe the area in his book Conditions of the Working Class. The University of Manchester Press first published Roberts' book in the year 1971. The more recent publication by Penguin Books contains 254 pages, including the appendices. The author gives a firsthand description of the extreme poverty that gripped the area in which he grew up. His unique perspective allows him to accurately describe the self-imposed caste system, the causes and effects of widespread poverty, and the impact of World War I as someone who is truly a member of a proletarian family. His main contention is that prior to the War, the working class inhabiting the industrial slums in England "lay outside the mainstream of that society and possessed within their own ranks a system of social stratification that enclosed them in their own provincial social world and gave them little hope of going beyond it. " After the War, the working class found new economic prosperity and a better way of life, never returning to the lifestyle prevalent prior to the War.
Page, R M (2008) 'Towards a ‘red’ and pleasant land? The attack on poverty and the pursuit of social justice in the Attlee era, 1945-51', Benefits, 16(2), pp. 125-33.
Having studied George Orwell's 'Nineteen Eighty-Four', I intend to discuss the type of Government envisaged by Orwell and to what extent his totalitarian Party, 'Ingsoc', satirises past regimes. I will also discuss Orwell's motive in writing such a piece and how his writing style helps it become clear.The main theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four concerns the restrictions imposed on individual freedom by a totalitarian regime. Orwell shows how such a system can impose its will on the people through manipulation of the press, the elimination of democracy, constant supervision (courtesy of the Telescreens) and more. Orwell also shows how the state has more subtle methods for imposing its authority, such as the manipulation of language and control of the media.
The time frame of this article is in 1946, a year after World War 2 has ended. Orwell takes the current situation into consideration when he appeals to his audience. Therefore, he addresses areas of politics in combination with recent events to try to persuade his audience while inducing a connection between the reader and his article. Orwell writes, “Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face…”. The reader makes a connection with the article because they can remember the previous experience of the topics in their time frame. However, Orwell uses pathos to finally convince the audience of his argument when he writes “Defenseless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, and the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets”. This technique is highly effective because readers automatically feel a sense of pity and sadness which in turn persuades the audience of the argument and convinces them to agree with Orwell’s
O’Connor’s texts often address the differences between the working classes and the “owning” classes. In their article, "Toward a Theory of Working-Class Literature," Renny Christopher and Carolyn Whitson comment that “working-class culture does not celebrate individuality. It instead recognizes the interdependence of units of people: family, community, friends, unions” (76). O’Connor confirms the benefits of community that the working class offers by showing upper-class loneliness. In “Good Country People,” the farm owner’s well-educated daughter is very depressed and lonely but chooses to be so. When her mother and she walk the fields together, the daughter’s “remarks were usually so ugly and her face so glum.” She rigidly interacted with her mother, not showing any signs of family, community or solidarity with her at all. She informs her mother, “if you want me, here I am – LIKE I AM” (274). There is no willingness to commune. Loneliness is also shown among many other middle-class characters in O’Connor’s work – the farm owner in “The Displaced Person,” the teacher Rayber in “The Barber,” and Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation” are some additional examples.
Howe, Tom. "George Orwell." British Writers Volume VII. Ed. Ian Scott-Kilvert. New York: Scribner, 1984. 273-287.
People in United states tend to ignore the complex problems the country is facing but focuses on the dominance of the country. People only looks at the surface of the United States and neglects problem about poverty. The bigger cities, like Los Angeles and New York, are mostly impacted by the poverty. It is important to recognize the impact of the poverty in order to understand the complex problem of the United States. In George Orwell’s “Down and Out in Paris and London”, the author provides a vivid image of the poverty and the impact on the people’s daily lives. In 1933 London and Paris, the condition of the poverty was much critical due to lack of support from the government. When we compare the 21st century poverty
...en into organizations that brainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any instance of disloyalty to the Party much like Orwell’s experience in the Civil war. The fact that a portion of the populations suffered poverty while others bathed in wealth reinforces the strong hierarchal system imposed. Orwell’s attitudes surrounding sociocultural context are prominent throughout 1984 and strengthens the invited reading that power is problematic.
“One of the things Orwell bequeathed us was the adjective ‘Orwellian’…. It is a frightening word, generally applied to a society organized to crush and dehumanize the individual, sometimes signifying the alienation of that individual if he dares to rebel” (Lewis 13). George Orwell, the pseudonym for Eric Arthur Blair, depicted the importance of the individual in society and the danger of too much community in his literature. Through his personal experiences, however, he explored the ideas of socialism and was torn between the individual and community ideals. In his literature and his past, Orwell spoke against movements that remove the individual, but still emphasized the importance of community. Thus, he advocated a need for balance between the two concepts.
George Orwell, noted writer and journalist, arrived in Barcelona, Spain in late 1936 to cover the fight against fascism. Being an avid fan of socialism, he was amazed to see the small glimpse of socialism in action. He was intrigued to say the least, of the classless society he observed there. Barcelona, Spain at this time was held under Anarchist control, and as such most of the old class society rituals were abandoned: tipping, titles, and the old divisions between rich and poor were practically gone. Everyone was equal in this new society, and most of the rich aristocrats had either fled or went into hiding. This being the truest form of socialism and brotherhood Orwell had ever before witnessed he put down his pen and took up arms. Homage to Catalonia, which Orwell later wrote after fleeing to France in 1937, gives his account as a militiaman in the P.O.U.M (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxista) Militia, which roughly translates to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification. At the time this was one of the many anti-fascist factions in Spain, later he remarks joining P.O.U.M with ignorant bliss of what the difference was between any of them.
Humans always have had a tendency to allow the poor and miserable to suffer, even while the wealthy continue to fatten and flourish in needed yet often unshared resources. The social order has shaped a distinctive hierarchy composed of the High, the Middle, and the Low in an exceedingly flawed and callous structure. This system has been implemented in our history over a variety of ages and civilizations. More importantly, the structure has not been altered to work for any system except for theoretical Communism and Socialism. The novel 1984 was a shock to the masses when it was released, but by showing the class structure and political satire Orwell was able to present not only the danger of Communism gone awry but its repercussions on society.
Despite all the war and upheaval there was very little provision for those who got left behind such as those left unemployed due to the Industrial Revolution and enclosure as well as returning servicemen. The effect of this was felt widely as shown in ?The Female Vagrant?, the wife of a soldier forced to move countries etc and the increasing state of poverty they lived through. In a different culture ?The F...
(Orwell 23) and “rotting nineteenth-century houses” (Orwell 23). An article analyzing 1984 by Sean Lynch better describes Winston’s view of London as “dark and isolating”. This devastated city creates a mind-numbing sensation in its population because there is no one that finds beauty in where they live or even a trace of hope that things could improve.... ... middle of paper ... ...
This is a remarkable book of objective description as well as of rhetoric. While he does have a bias, he is still able to recognize points on either side. Orwell had the rare courage to overcome centuries of class prejudice to live among and respect the people his peers could casually dismiss. He shows us the role that the middle class play in creating these deplorable conditions.
This is reflected in the Marxist belief that the key positions in government and administration are held by people from relatively privileged backgrounds or those who have an underlying allegiance to ‘the establishment’ and the status quo. More importantly, in the context of social policy, the welfare state is believed by implication, to be a conspiracy against the working class where the shape and nature of the welfare state is deliberately contrived to accord with the economic requirements of capital. It has been argued by Taylor (2007) that what Marxists say about the capitalist state, is of relevance and importance in discussing the politics of welfare, providing an interesting critique of the welfare policies of the political centre and highlighting at least some of the problems that can be encountered if we rely too heavily on the capitalist state. Marxists doubt whether the long term welfare of society can be improved through implementing social policies alone, where such policies merely extend the lifespan of the capitalist system. I will explain the ways in which Marxist theory may be deemed relevant in providing a critique of the politics of welfare, using the benefits system as an example of an area of social