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The history of metis free essay
The conflicts between first nations and canada
The conflicts between first nations and canada
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The Red River Resistance: Origin and Result This paper will look into the historical factors and circumstances that led to the Red River Resistance. The Red River Resistance were the major conflict happened from 1869 to 1871, right after the confederation of Canada. The two parties that had conflict of interests were the Canadian government and the Metis. The Metis were the decedents of English and French and Aboriginal people. Over the years, they had developed their own social code and culture, in some level, isolated them from the mainstream Caucasian society. The Canadian government considered the Metis “violent, uncivilized, and a major deterrent to European settlement”, which meant that they had no intention to treat the Metis with
respect and proper manner. After the Canadian government sold the Rupert’s land to the Hudson Bay’s Company and planed its ruling without consulting the Metis and other Aboriginal people, the locals fear to lose everything they own and they chose Louie Riel as their leader to formed its own provisional government and fought against the Canadian government. The situation escalated after Riel order the execution of Thomas Scott, a pro-Canadian activist who incite his fellow inmate to escaped from the provisional government’s force. Eventually, the Canadian government sent armed forces and destroyed the provisional government. They reached to an agreement with the Metis known as the Manitoba Act and Riel fled to the U.S. Was there another way to handle the situation? Was there another approach that would led to a win-win solution? Surely there are, to find out the best alternatives, we must learn everything about the Metis, the Red River area, and the Canadian government at that time.
The Oka Uprising was initially a peaceful protest over the expansion of a golf course on Mohawk territory that turned violent after Quebec’s provincial police, the Sûreté du Québec, responded to the protest with tear gas and flash-bang grenades, eventually escalating to a gun battle between protesters and police. Years after the stand-off, revisionist military historians have praised the Canadian military for avoiding bloodshed because of their “personal commitment [and] calm and attentive approach to native reality,” in which they ought to be commended for “carrying the burden of peace” (Conradi 548). However, Robinson rejects this notion and instead proposes a re-imagining of the Oka conflict through the “adjustment” of First Nations people who fought at Oka with the “bombing of the last Canadian reserve” (Robinson 211). Through “carrying the burden of peace” the Officers are given the power to destroy any semblance of Indigenous tradition, such as the potlatch, and to violently corral all First Nations people to sectioned off “Urban Reserves”. By disrupting popular Canadian perception of law enforcement Robinson succeeds in creating a dystopian image of corrupted power that allows readers to sympathize with the subjection of First Nations people of
Author and historian, Carol Sheriff, completed the award winning book The Artificial River, which chronicles the construction of the Erie Canal from 1817 to 1862, in 1996. In this book, Sheriff writes in a manner that makes the events, changes, and feelings surrounding the Erie Canal’s construction accessible to the general public. Terms she uses within the work are fully explained, and much of her content is first hand information gathered from ordinary people who lived near the Canal. This book covers a range of issues including reform, religious and workers’ rights, the environment, and the market revolution. Sheriff’s primary aim in this piece is to illustrate how the construction of the Erie Canal affected the peoples’ views on these issues.
In 1869, Red River and the North West were to be transferred from the Hudson’s Bay Company to Canadian jurisdiction, so survey crews were sent to Red River. These crews were disrupted by a group of Métis including Riel, who then organized themselves as the “Métis National Committee” with Riel as secretary. This committee formed a provisional government in December 1869 and Louis Riel became its president. This government established a Bill of Rights for the Métis people. They were challenged by a group of English settlers known a...
When I started to reading this book, I do not imagine what it was about .I am an international student, and I have been living in the U.S for a short time , so many of the issues regarding of American history are new for me. The Erie Canal was part of the unknown subjects. It has been interesting to know, and learned that the Americans have had intension of shaping and preserve its history. And great historians, they would give out even the smallest details that helped make this nation what it is today.
The Manitoba Métis Federation (MMF) represents the Métis community in Manitoba in political, cultural, social and economic matters (Manitoba Métis Federation (MMF), 2013). Manitoba Métis Federation, representing Métis in Manitoba, filed a claim asking for a declaration that the federal and provincial statutes, which affected the implementation of Manitoba Act provisions, were "constitutionally invalid” (Chartrand, p. 477, 1991). In Section 31 of Manitoba Act, 1870, it provided lands to the Métis people. Section 32 assured the settlers, Aboriginal or not, that their occupied lands in 1869 would not be “jeopardized” by the wave of newcomers (Sprague...
Banks, D., Erodes, R. (2004). Dennis Banks and the Rise of the American Indian Movement. Ojibwa Warrior. Retrieved January 20, 2005, from http://www.oupress.com/bookdetail.asp?isbn=0-8061-3580-8
Canada likes to paint an image of peace, justice and equality for all, when, in reality, the treatment of Aboriginal peoples in our country has been anything but. Laden with incomprehensible assimilation and destruction, the history of Canada is a shameful story of dismantlement of Indian rights, of blatant lies and mistrust, and of complete lack of interest in the well-being of First Nations peoples. Though some breakthroughs were made over the years, the overall arching story fits into Cardinal’s description exactly. “Clearly something must be done,” states Murray Sinclair (p. 184, 1994). And that ‘something’ he refers to is drastic change. It is evident, therefore, that Harold Cardinal’s statement is an accurate summarization of the Indigenous/non-Indigenous relationship in
This case is about Star River and how the firm is in the middle of financial crisis that was induced by rapid growth. The CEO basically wants to improve the financial health of the company and ask for help to make some decisions. The CEO asks one of the analyst for help in reviewing the historical performance of the firm, forecast financing requirements for the next two years, exercise the forecasting model to identify the key drivers of the assumptions, estimate Star River’s weighted-average cost of capital and lastly to analyze the proposed investment in a packaging machine.
...ulted in widely ranged political and legal protests, including petitions to the Government and the Crown, legal challenges in defense of Aboriginal resource rights and land, and careful enforcing of the Indian Act’s regulations. The federal government often responded with harsh legislative measures to the Indian Act, such as outlawing the Potlatch (and subsequently, arresting those who publically continued to engage in cultural practices), and disallowing of hiring lawyers to pursue Aboriginal rights through court. The passage of such laws, however, did not stop Indigenous groups, and they continued to meet, organize, maintain cultural traditions, and retain respect for hereditary leaders. But, since they lived in such an oppressive society, the Canadian Government continued to have reign over their lives and their opportunities to participate in a broader society.
The Pequot War is a war that should be hard to forget. It completely wiped out an entire Native American tribe. In reality that is not the case. It is in fact, “the complexity of the Pequot War of 1636–37 is rarely appreciated.” According to Matthew S Muehlbauer, the only thing lots of historian and researchers in general tend to just focus on the massacre that occurred near the Mystic River in May of 1937. This was in fact a tragic and fatal event for the Pequot tribe, but the struggles did not end there. It goes on beyond what happened at the river. The Pequot war lead to some changes in history and it is only right to go back and look at the after affects of the war. Those affects that not only impacted the Pequot tribe but the years after the war had ended. It is with the help of two secondary sources by Matthew S Muehlbauer, Austin Peay State University, Tennessee, and Katherine A. Grandjean, Wellesley College, that it is possible to look past the actual war itself and focus on the aftermath of it.
Many people saw Louis Riel as a hero because of his passion about preserving the Métis rights and culture. Riel was a great Métis leader because he risked his own life just to improve the Métis’ lives. His heroism began when he returned home to Red River in 1868 after his studies, and discovered that the settlement was alarmed by arrangements to transfer territorial rights from the Hudson’s Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada. This was because the Hudson’s Bay Company resigned its control of the Northwest, and sold Rupert’s Land to Canada. This caused the Métis (people of mixed Aboriginal and European heritage) to fear that they would lose control of their homeland and traditional rights. They we...
Louis Riel is considered today as one of the most controversial Canadian Historians. From his lack of loyalty to integrity it is apparent that he is no stranger to contradicting his objectives in turn for self benefit. Riel may have been viewed as a hero to the Métis, however his autocratic ways proved that he did not have the group’s best interest in mind. To proclaim Riel the title “hero” would imply his incentives were for the welfare of the people in the absence of personal fulfilment. Therefore, Louis Riel was deemed a traitor due to his fickle commitment to both the Métis and the Canadian Government.
This depiction of the Frog Lake Massacre created in 1885 , shows an Aboriginal shooting Father Fafard, and Mrs. Gowanlock weeping over the death of her husband. One could say that this picture is an inadequate representation of the events that took place during the Aboriginal Resistance. Like many other representations of the Frog Lake Massacre, this publication also illustrated a biased portrayal of the Aboriginals and the battles that took place. This image does not show the Canadian Government’s harsh treatment of the Aboriginals and the anger that eventually lead to Wandering Spirit attacking the people of Frog Lake.
The grasshopper plagues that occurred from 1873 to 1875 had threatened the crops and livelihood of many homesteaders in Manitoba. Because of damaged crops, either due to the grasshoppers, poor land, or weather, many homesteaders abandoned their lands. The general economic depression and bureaucratic problems during the early 1870s created issues for the province of Manitoba. Additionally, the Red River Rebellion, a conflict that was sparked over the transfer of Rupert’s Land between the settler state and the aboriginal and Métis groups of the area, created many fears for settlers, though many of the negotiations were completed by 1870. These issues together created an outward migration from Manitoba, creating the necessity for colonial settlers into the
Violence from Europeans during the colonization is a tactic used to keep the natives oppressed and a resistance minimal. The police officers and soldiers of the settlers used excessive force to show dominance and create an "atmosphere of submission" in native communities (Fanon, 38). European schools, churches, and economic societies were set up on colonized people's land. These acts of segregation and practices of European values were an insult to natives and helped fuel violent protests. Officers who would patrol the boarders between the two groups and political leaders would serve as a "go-between" person for negotiations (Fanon 62). Negotiations involving larger masses of bodies were feared to lead to aggression. Although the politic between these groups was a slow moving process, when native political or independence parties begin to immerge, the colonial governments will allow concede to some writes demanded by natives. Settlers did this to contr...