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Human vs artificial intelligence
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Maternal instincts- are they just a myth or are they real? How can you tell when you are right or just want to be right? We claim that we know best for our children but do we really? There is no scientific test to prove maternal instincts exists, yet there are examples of it all around us. We can claim that maternal instincts are human nature, but not all women have maternal instincts. Mothers with maternal instincts know when their children are in danger. Are those mothers with this ability just more in touch with their emotions, or are there such things as maternal instincts. Maternal instinct is a presumed biological readiness, desire, or ability to mother a child. Speculations about such an instinct go back to ancient times and have figured predominantly in scientific theories since the time of Charles Darwin. Psychologists such as William James, William McDougall, and G. Stanley Hall argued that women have a special need and ability to protect and care for their young. In recent years, formal instinct theories have not found wide acceptance in academic psychology. However, the assumption of a biological basis for maternal behavior has figured in psychological speculations on the importance of perinatal "bonding" between mother and child. Scientists consider a human maternal instinct to be predictable response procreation. Males can impregnate many females, but females can transmit their genes to only a limited number of offspring. Females are assumed to be more willing to protect their genetic investment in any given child. Other problems plague theories of maternal instinct. For example, equating an instinct with a predisposition or with readiness makes the concept difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate sc... ... middle of paper ... ...s seems to be biologically meaningful in terms of adaptation to specific needs associated with successful infant care. Because of Tokyo’s research this type of knowledge provides the beginnings of a scientific understanding of human maternal behavior. This could be especially helpful in the future in developing treatments for the many problems and diseases that could affect the mother and infants relationship. Works Cited Magurran, Anne. "Maternal Instincts." N.p., n.d. Web. "Maternal Instincts - Home." Maternal Instincts. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Press, The Associated. "Maternal Instinct in the Brain." The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Dec. 2007. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. "Study: Maternal Instinct Is as Much Biological as It Is Social." Psychology -. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. "The SunFlower Post." The SunFlower Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.
Indications have shown that the infant’s temperament holds significance in affecting maternal perception which is influenced by maternal characteristic, thereby, leading to the outcome of attachment (Pauli-Pott, Mertesacker, Bade, Haverkock, Beckmann, 2003). Through the c...
The mother-infant bond is the familiarity and attachment a mother forms with her offspring. These helpless babies are reliant on their mother’s nurture for survival. This dependence reaches farther than a physiological need. Infants rely on their mothers for a wide variety of demands. The mother-infant bond is critical to maximizing the fitness of each individual, as well as the growth of the species.
When I was young I remember my mother and grandmother raising me. They instilled most of my beliefs and morals. They taught me to always be polite, understanding, and cautious. All mothers in the world want their children’s lives to better than their own. Hoping that they can reach their highest potential. Instilling their own beliefs and morals from what their parents taught them. Passing knowledge down from generation to generation is important. +Having read Betty Rollin’s “Motherhood: Who Needs It?” I disagree with her notion that motherhood is not instinctual. *She does not prove her point using female psychology, religion, and animal studies. Reading Betty Rollin’s “Motherhood: Who needs it?” makes me realize how much people differ in this world today.
...r members of the animal kingdom, humans have not evolved any longer with such strong maternal instinct. Nurseries probably trapped and imprisoned many a young mother who listened to society and did what she thought she was supposed to. And once they got there, maybe they realized it was not how they wanted to live their life. Yet, they could not abandon their families and children, and so they were trapped by the cradle, the toys, the bottles, the nursery.
The relevance and subsequent interpretation of memories as they relate to one's desire to mother
According to Kagan et al. (1978) attachment is defined as “An intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time, and in which prolonged separation from the partner is accompanied by stress and sorrow” the definition shows attachment is important in life, and is said that our first attachment is very crucial to our development towards other relationships, e.g. with other family members, friends, and romantic relationships. Bowlby (1973) presented that newly born humans are vulnerable and they are genetically programmed to behave in certain ways to ensure survival, and also states mothers inherit a ‘genetic blueprint’ to respond to the baby at all times. The child’s attachment to their mothers will determine how close they are, and how the child acts around strangers, usually giving off any social responses in reaction to being scared, ill or in unfamiliar...
How adoption and twin studies have influenced the “nature verses nurture debate” has been a focal point for many researchers and people around the world which has caused controversy and many views regarding the topic. “Twin studies look into behaviour in identical and none identical twins and adoption studies separate the effect of nature from nurture, or at least do more successfully than twin studies.” ("The Usefullness of Twin Studies and Adoption Studies | psuea7", 2011, p.1) These studies are used to provide plenty of strong and reliable evidence that and positively influence the Nature vs. Nurture debate. “The Nature vs. Nurture debate is the scientific, cultural, and philosophical debate about whether human culture, behaviour, and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Nature is often defined in this debate as genetic or hormone-based behaviours, while nurture is most commonly defined as environment and experience.” (("Nature vs. Nurture", 2014, p.1) Many controversial debates have surrounded this issue and many researchers are trying to find evidence to justify if twin and adoption studies have an effect on the nature vs. nurture debate. Twin and adoption studies have had a positive influence on the nature-nurture debate because research and evidence has identified different issues and quality information to help the nature-nurture debate evolve. This essay will outline these positive influences and will elaborate on the research and evidence that has helped the nature-nurture debate. The three influences of twin and adoption studies that will be discussed are the influence of researching the affects of behavioural issues such as schizophrenia, the influence of undergoing research on the drinking affects an...
Emotional along with physical domain in prenatal stage is necessary for the growth of the baby (Watson & McDonald, 2007). Pregnancy is the time from contraception prior to after birth, is established to be a major part of a person’s life which will carry a great deal of challenges not just for ...
A psychological mechanism is defined as an adaptation of human behavior that evolved due to evolutionary pressures. This paper focuses on the psychological mechanism of human mating strategies and the evolution of mate preferences. There are several theories to explain how differences in male and female mating strategies developed. This paper explores the parental investment theory, male mating effort as well as the role of different adaptive problems faced by males and females. The traits that humans find attractive in a partner are the ones that confer a reproductive advantage to the individual (Buss, 1994). Early in the literature there is evidence to support the theory that males and females differ in their mate preferences in such a way that males are unselective while females are choosy (Darwin 1871). However, there are also similarities in what each sex finds attractive. It is important to look at how these mating strategies evolved and why adaptive mate preferences continue to exist.
The attachment style that a child endures with their mother initially begins before the child is even born. In the mother’s womb, the infant becomes aware of their mother and father’s voices, where they begin to develop a bond with them and feel nurtured and comforted by the things they hear their parents sing and speak to them. According to Bowlby, the development of attachment takes place in four different phases and are reinforced as they grow older from the Preattachment (birth to age 6 weeks), attachment-in-the-making (age 6 weeks to 8 months), clear cut attachment (between 8 months to 1 ½ years of age) and the reciprocal relationship (from 1 ½ or 2 and on). As the child grows older, then begin to understand their parent’s feelings and motives and are able to organize their efforts and reciprocate the same i...
Psychologist, Richard A. Lippa, takes on the challenge of proving the concept that an individual’s idea of gender is derived from their brain, an issue otherwise recognized as “nature vs. nurture” in his book, Gender, Nature, and Nurture. Francis Galton, defines nature and nurture, as, “Nature is all that a man brings with himself into the world; nurture is every influence from without that affects him after birth.” Galton emphasizes the fact that nature produces the infant, with direct influences, determining both “growth of body and mind” (Galton) while nurture is an alteration of the environment for the comfort of the infant. Lippa establishes that each gender displays different levels of hormones, and physical capabilities, which will contribute to “nature.” An intriguing study conducted by Henry F. Harlow, whether the gender of a monkey can be determined, with or without the aid of parental influence. Regardless of whether the monkeys had a parent, the behaviors that they demonstrated in their natural environment were the same. The fundamental principle behind this is due to the fact that males were “influenced by the exposure to testosterone.” (122) As human beings, we vary in physical attributes, which subconsciously come into play when it comes to our preferences. This explains why the things that we do are gender
"Instinct." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
Our parents teach us the actions that are acceptable in society, these behaviours often become habit and dictate how we conduct ourselves and communicate with others. The mother or guardian and child bond is particularly strong and so from birth the child learns to imitate its mother, this is the earliest and most consistent socialisation the child receives and therefore is most important. The words of Kim Atkins come to mind when stressing the importance of the mother/child bond, “human beings come into existence quite literally through the bodies of our other human beings, and our early survival depends upon the most intimate human interactions.” (Narrative Identity and Moral Identity: A Practical Perspective, Kim...
The mother to child bond has been interpreted to be instinctive to all mothers. Meira Weiss quotes
"The Reproduction of Mothering; Feminism and Psycohoanalytic Theory; Femininities, Masculinities and Sexualities; The Power of Feelings (Book Reviews)." Http://www.apadivisions.org. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, 1999. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.