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Essay on female authors
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Pulitzer Prize winner Beth Henley is a Southern playwright that has created a newer approach to realism to show that misfortune in feminist theatre is not a reproduction of life but a reevaluation of it. By portraying the love between the sisters in the play, the author illustrates the existence of a female awareness to find and form yourself as a woman.
Within Crimes of the Heart, a remarkable aspect is how the author depicts the sisters in their quest to form a fresh self in the new world. Henley is noted to be quite the comic and her genius can be seen in the contradiction portrayed in the opening of the play, where the situation improves before becoming worse. We see that the sisters are able to feel one another’s pain without forgetting their own character and they never dive so deep into another sister’s situation that they lose site of just how ridiculous it truly is. This similarity can also be seen in their individual problems; they feel the pain of life but yet maintain enough detachment to see the irrationality in their woes.
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We see the presentation of this contradiction in act-three sequentially. We see Babe heading upstairs with the intent to suspend herself and die in the same fashion that her mother did, but quite suddenly runs back downstairs to answer the telephone with a broken rope around her neck. She decides to then attempt to suffocate herself in the oven, but thought into the suicide of her mother causes her to injure her head and then fall to ultimately be rescued my Meg. Within the play the author offers domestic humor through an absurdist perspective and the blending of these aspects is secondary to the use of a divided, disjointed style of dialogue.
She has truly conquered the ability to depict grotesque comedy via mixing grave, life-threatening situations with daily events. The use of this style allows Henley to (some degree) give more importance to daily occurrences and reduce the seriousness of certain situations to a less severe degree. It is the immense bias between the characters’ value system that leaves the audience in a state of ambiguity, but it should be noted that this ambiguity does not lead to hopelessness. It ends up as a simple state of being that is to be accepted. The audience merely goes on to laugh at the series of misfortunes inflicted upon those who simply lack the ability to avoid them. Ultimately, we can see that the author is successful in combing comedy with
violence. Henley also makes it a point to insert a great deal of confusion into the beginning of the play. The news of Babe’s endeavor to kill her husband is suddenly replaced by the concern of the passing of a horse and then this is followed by the information that Old Granddaddy’s health has worsened. So ultimately the audience is hit with a sequence of terrible events, which include attempted murder, illness, sexual abuse, and suicide. These events are not seen as being very substantial until the author presents the occurrences of these alarming incidents in an ordinary world. This causes the events to then have a certain level of intimacy to them and they no longer are to be experienced at a distant but instead seen as occurrences that could take place in the most ordinary place or community. Ultimately, increasing the level of intimacy of these events is Henley’s goal and through this she is able to convince the audience that in reality we do face these horrible events in day-to-day life to some degree. By successfully exhibiting these elements, the author causes the feeling of a widespread relief to flood the audience. These elements are truly in place for a serious drama regarding the alienation of woman. It also implies that the insensitivity of males has pushed many women to the verge of their own self-destruction, similar to that of the mother to the sisters. But, the play does take a comic direction with the exception that it truly doesn’t heal the wounds made by the experience. Thus the feeling of relief comes only after worries or the solving of a mystery, like when Babe discovers the reasoning for why her mother strangled the cat alongside next to herself. Also note that the feverish laughter post the new of Old Granddaddy’s predictable death comes after Meg announcing it in defiance. “He [her granddaddy]’s just gonna have to take me like I am and if that sends him into a coma, that’s too just down bad” (pg.99). Ironically enough, he has just been sent into a coma and Meg’s line causes hysterical laughter among the sisters. The difficulty in performing such a scene that blends a fine line between comedy and terror is directly linked to the contradictory feelings of the sisters in terms of an absent father figure. It’s this paradox that portrays yet another problematic point. Lenny’s remark that the laugher of the sisters was just for a moment can be seen as a reminder to the audience of the uncertainly of the fates of these sisters and it raises doubt in the continued survival of their new selves.
Susan Glaspell was an American playwright, novelist, journalist, and actress. She married in 1903 to a novelist, poet, and playwright George Cram Cook. In 1915 with other actors, writers, and artists they founded Provincetown Players a group that had six seasons in New York City between 1916-1923. She is known to have composed nine novels, fifteen plays, over fifty short stories, and one biography. She was a pioneering feminist writer and America’s first import and modern female playwright. She wrote the one act play “Trifles” for the Provincetown Players was later adapted into the short shorty “A Jury of Her Peers” in 1917. A comparison in Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” and “A Jury of Her Peers” changes the titles, unfinished worked, and
The story begins with and is enveloped by Walton’s letters to his sister. His sister is very close to him; as can be seen by the affection terms used for her and the comfort level that Walton has with her; terms such as “dear sister” and “my sister”. This relationship that Walton has with his sister is placed on the reader through his expressions and use of language.
Pellegrini, Ann. “The Plays of Paula Vogel.” A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama. Ed. David Krasner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 473-84.
Louise, the unfortunate spouse of Brently Mallard dies of a supposed “heart disease.” Upon the doctor’s diagnosis, it is the death of a “joy that kills.” This is a paradox of happiness resulting into a dreadful ending. Nevertheless, in reality it is actually the other way around. Of which, is the irony of Louise dying due to her suffering from a massive amount of depression knowing her husband is not dead, but alive. This is the prime example to show how women are unfairly treated. If it is logical enough for a wife to be this jovial about her husband’s mournful state of life then she must be in a marriage of never-ending nightmares. This shows how terribly the wife is being exploited due her gender in the relationship. As a result of a female being treated or perceived in such a manner, she will often times lose herself like the “girl
Women in Literature: Reading Through the Lens of Gender. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003. Print. The. Bailey, Carol. "
“The Tell-Tale Heart is one of Edgar Allan Poe’s greatest fictional short stories. It is known for its repulsive and insane homicide; a very wild and thrilling tale. Likewise, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s well-known novel, The Scarlet Letter, is famous for its directness on sexual conflict. Both writings possess similarities with regards to modified characters, connected symbolism, and significant midpoints. Due to these comparisons, it is quite certain that Hawthorne found inspiration in writing The Scarlet Letter after reading “The Tell Tale-Heart”.
For readers who observe literature through a feminist lens, they will notice the depiction of female characters, and this makes a large statement on the author’s perception of feminism. Through portraying these women as specific female archetypes, the author creates sense of what roles women play in both their families and in society. In books such as The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the roles that the main female characters play are, in different instances, both comparable and dissimilar.
Mrs. Mallard’s repressed married life is a secret that she keeps to herself. She is not open and honest with her sister Josephine who has shown nothing but concern. This is clearly evident in the great care that her sister and husband’s friend Richard show to break the news of her husband’s tragic death as gently as they can. They think that she is so much in love with him that hearing the news of his death would aggravate her poor heart condition and lead to death. Little do they know that she did not love him dearly at all and in fact took the news in a very positive way, opening her arms to welcome a new life without her husband. This can be seen in the fact that when she storms into her room and her focus shifts drastically from that of her husband’s death to nature that is symbolic of new life and possibilities awaiting her. Her senses came to life; they come alive to the beauty in the nature. Her eyes could reach the vastness of the sky; she could smell the delicious breath of rain in the air; and ears became attentive to a song f...
(Essay intro) In the modern day, women have the luxury of belonging to themselves but unfortunately this was not always the case. During his life, William Shakespeare created many positive female characters who defied the traditional gender roles and brought attention to the misogynistic patriarchy of Elizabethan England. One of these true feminist icons is ‘Much Ado about Nothing’s. Beatrice. The women in ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ defy traditional gender roles. Beatrice represents a brave and outspoken woman who defies the oppressive, traditional gender roles for the female sex. Her cousin Hero, however, represents those women who were successfully oppressed by the patriarchy and accepted the traditional gender roles without much complaint.
Jane in her younger years was practically shunned by everyone and was shown very little love and compassion, from this throughout her life she searches for these qualities through those around her. Due to Jane’s mother’s disinheritance she was disowned by Mrs. Reed and her children, and was treated like a servant consistently reminded that she lacked position and wealth.
The pointedness of the play is created through a distinct plot path. The observer is lead through the story, seeing first how greatly Amanda Wingfield influences her children. Secondly, the play-goer notes how Tom Wingfield desperately struggles and writhes emotionally in his role of provider- he wants more than just to be at home, taking care of his all-too-reminiscent mother and emotionally stunted sister. Tom wants to get out from under his mother’s wing; his distinct ambitions prevent him from being comfortable with his station in life. Lastly, Laura struggles inside herself; doing battle against her shyness, Laura begins to unfurl a bit with Jim, but collapses once again after Jim announces his engagement and leaves her, again. Each character struggles and thrashes against their places in life, but none of them achieve true freedom. This plot attests to the fact that true change and freedom can only come through the saving power of God Almighty and Jesus Christ, and by letting go of the past.
Fisher, Jerilyn, and Ellen S. Silber. Women In Literature : Reading Through The Lens Of Gender..
In her younger years, Jane shows that girls do not need to follow society’s normalities through the defiance of her aunt, Mrs. Reed. As a young orphan, Jane lives with her aunt and her three children, and due to Jane’s “plain looks” and “quiet yet passionate character,” she is disliked among the entire Reed family (Gao). Her cousin, John, constantly reminds her of her social standing, calling her a “dependent” who should not “live with gentlemen’s children” like her cousins (Bronte 10). Rather than acting in accordance with her cousin, Jane, in rage of how she is treated with “miserable cruelty” (Bronte 36), Jane compares him to a “murderer...a slave driver...like the Roman emperors” (Bronte 10). Because of her refusal to submit to John Reed’s aggressiveness and accept that she is lesser than him and his family, Jane is punished for the night by her Aunt Reed. Mrs. Reed’s punishment of Jane demonstrates her part in the oppression ‘machine.’ Mrs. Reed should have understood Jane’s refusal to be docile, being a woman herself, but ...
The book encloses the philosophy of “The Butterfly Effect.” This theory elaborates on the idea that one small event can lead to much greater consequences. Rory Remer illustrates this in his article when he claims “The butterfly effect...states that small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run…” The cause being Marianne’s rape makes each character go through emotional turmoil.
...her defiance to no longer comply with the gender constructions of society. Ibsen, therefore, criticises society’s compliance with the constructions of the culture and urges us to be more like Nora is at her epiphany. Lady Bracknell is memorable for her comically masculine traits and character. Not only does Wilde shatter our gender expectations, but ridicules the compliance of individuals in the performances that they make for society. Both plays raise questions regarding the submission of men and women to society’s presumptions and pressure regarding gender, and criticise individuals for conforming without asking questions. Each play makes us question our own performances for society and the performances of others in our lives. Nora’s realisation that she has married a construction is as unnerving now as it was to its contemporary audience because it forces us to look at our own behaviour and that of others around us, presenting us with a frightening and menacing awareness that we also may be existing in false and constructed lives.