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Sports influence on society
Ethics in sport questions
Ethics in sport questions
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In Foul Play: What’s Wrong with Sport, Joe Humphreys lists numerous reasons as to why sport is detrimental to society. His reasons range from sport being discriminatory all the way to sport promoting a decline into gang culture. While I disagree with Humphreys’ proclamation that sport is detrimental to society, there are unquestionably some components of sport which are detrimental to society, one of those components being the quota system.
The quota system was introduced in South Africa after the fall of Apartheid in order to bring “players of colour” into more areas of sport in the country. When this system was first introduced it was opposed and today there is a move to make the quota system more rigid in order to have more black players in the international cricket team.
For me this is a ludicrous concept that has numerous short fallings and will never be able to operate effectively. Aside from the quota system being completely immoral, it is also unsustainable and unable to yield any positive results.
In order to understand the ethics and morality behind a quota system we can...
Economic Theory Labor market theory is one of the most integral economic theories needed to dissect the inefficiencies in professional sports. Looking first at the type of market these leagues function in, one can see that they do not necessarily meet all the criteria that a competitive market requires. The big four sports leagues in the US have a set number of teams, which creates barriers to entry. Only when an expansion is agreed upon by the league, such as NHL has done for the upcoming season, are teams allowed to enter, and even then, it is limited to a maximum of a few teams in recent history. Additionally, the league makes it virtually impossible to exit, as selling a team is the closest they come to exiting the market.
The 2012 Heisman Trophy winner, Johnny Manziel, began the 2013 season sitting on the sidelines. Due to a half game suspension handed down by Texas A&M University, Manziel was only allowed to watch as A&M took the field versus the visiting Rice Owls. To “Aggies” fans, this half game suspension came as a huge relief. It had been feared that Manziel may receive a multiple game or year-long ban from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for violating NCAA Bylaw 12.5.2.1. The bylaw prohibits athletes from allowing their name or picture to be used in a commercial matter (Berkes, 2013). Luckily for him, a half-game suspension would be his only punishment. Manziel was put into this predicament after reports surfaced that he had accepted money in return for autographs. No proof of this was ever found, but it was proved that someone, probably a memorabilia collector, profited from his signature (Berkes, 2013). So wait, a man can’t receive money for signing his own autograph? The answer is “no”, if he is a student athlete following the strict rules of the NCAA. The only benefits he can accept are those included in a lucrative scholarship given by universities. As more incidents like Johnny Manziel’s have occurred, it has been debated by sports analysts and the news media whether or not these scholarships are a fair payment. Another Heisman Trophy winner, Cam Newton, was accused of trying to sell his services to Mississippi State University after his decision to transfer from a community college following his junior year. While an NCAA investigation would find that his father had indeed tried to shop Cam to prospective schools, Newton was cleared to play (Wojciechowski, 2010). The 2005 Heisman Trophy winner, Reggie Bush, was ...
Critics feel that the term amateurism is only a term used in collegiate sports to show the distinguish the difference between professional and collegiate so that they don’t have to pay college athletes. College athletes are just as talented and just as exposed as professional athletes. The argument is for there to be a share in the profits for wage compensation amongst players is know as pay-for-play. College athletics is a corporate enterprise that is worth millions of dollars in revenue. Pay-for-play is an assumption that colleges and universities receive huge revenues from marketing their collegiate sports programs and that the profits from these revenues are not shared with players who perform in the arena. Which some feel that they should.
The Civil Rights Era impacted the realm of sports in a great and powerful way. Throughout the mid 1900s, many minority athletes emerged through all odds and began to integrate themselves in the white dominated athletic business. These athletes endured constant hardships in order to achieve their goals and dreams; facing much racism, segregation, and violence. Minorities across the country began to look up to these sportsmen and realized that anybody could attain greatness despite the social troubles of the time. Stories depicting the struggles of minority athletes soon arose and grew popular among different cultures. These true accounts passed from generation to generation, each admiring the courage and bravery of athletes and how important they became in obtaining an equal society. Producers and directors soon found a way to revolutionize the film industry by retelling the racial discrimination that minority athletes faced. Remember the Titans, The Perfect Game, 42, and The Express are all examples of how minority athletes overcame racial adversities in order to obtain the championship. These Hollywood movies contain many inaccuracies that draw away from the true impact minority athletes had during the Civil Right Era. Although these films do depict the racial components of the time, they do not depict the accurate occurrences of the stories they try to recreate.
American culture places a large emphasis on athletics; including the popular sports football, basketball, and baseball. Many children are encouraged to participate in sports from a young age by their parents. Some parents believe that participation in team athletics instills in their children discipline, teamwork, and the values of hard work and perseverance. Prior to the 1970s, masculinity was a concept ingrained into athletics, and since the 1970s has only slightly subsided. In the early 1970s it became apparent that legislation would be required to further the cause of athletic equality between men and women. In 1972, a series of Educational Amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act were passed. One of the most influential portions of this amendment still is Title IX. Title IX states:
The failure of the NFL to disclose credible research linking concussions to permanent, hidden long-term brain injury to the players can be interpreted as both ethical and unethical. Ethical theories and traps influenced the NFL’s decision. Not disclosing the research is considered moral by the ethical theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarian ethics considers the best decision is one which maximizes overall happiness and minimizes overall pain is more ethical. Utilitarianism’s goal is to produce the best outcome for the largest number of people. The NFL’s failure to reveal the research connecting concussion to permanent brain injury’s is in line with utilitarian ethics. A larger population benefits from football compared to the small number of
Gender discrimination is prominent in every industry, but it is as though the sport industry is one of the worst. Women in the work force currently receive only 80 cents to every man’s dollar (Holmes, 2016). However, female athletes both in America and internationally receive a far lesser compensation for their attributes. The only difference of the sports being played is who plays them. There should be no reason why a male athlete receives better pay simply because he had a 50% chance of being born a man. At birth, no one controls the gender, but as they grow and mature, they control their personality and development. Payment should be on personal skills and not gender. As a female STHM student focusing on sport management and a former athlete,
In this essay I will consider whether or not quotas for job applicant selection are a solution to racial inequality in the United States of America. In considering this subject I will rely on In Defense of Quotas by James Rachels who argues that the use of Quotas is justifiable in certain circumstances. First I will qualify my use of the word race and clarify what I mean when I reference racial equality. Then I will present an argument that quotas will not work as the sole solution to racial inequality. After this I will support a premise for my main argument which is that not all of the races are equivalently qualified for potentially equivalent jobs. After this I will consider a possible objection to my argument which is that quotas should be enacted even if candidates are not equivalently qualified for a job. Finally I will conclude that, although quotas for job applicant selection could work if minority groups had equivalent qualifications, if quotas alone were enacted, they would most likely fail in solving the monetary inequality between different racial groups.
The Health and fitness industry have many ethical issues involved which was very interesting to me. I have never purchased a membership at a health club, but from the reading I learned a lot about how they operate. It amazed me that health clubs push their sales representatives to get 200-300 new members a month (Amend, 1992). This is a large amount of people for such a short amount a time, which means some members are not fully aware of the fine print of the membership agreement. Also the reading mentions that more than half of instructors at these clubs do not have valid certification (Copeland et al, 1988),. This is unethical because the members pay each month for the service of a qualified staff member to assist them in exercise and fitness. Safety of the members could also be at risk working out with a non-qualified trainer. Learning how these companies do business make me want to hold off as long as possible to join a gym.
No. Affirmative action plans do not impose quota; they simply seek to increase the pool of qualified applicants by using aggressive recruitment and outreach programs, setting goals and timetables and establishing training programs, among other measures. In 1976, Allan Bakke sued the University of California Medical School at Davis for denying his admission on the basis of reverse discrimination, because 16 out of 100 places in the medical school class were reserved for “economically and educationally disadvantage applicants.” The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bakke, holding that the policy of reserving ...
INTRODUCTION Racial diversification has become one of the many objectives of several sport organizations throughout the world. In New Zealand for instance, we have many parks, sports clubs, and recreations that are accessible to everybody, regardless of their ethnicity. However, on the other side of the spectrum, there are a few sports organizations in New Zealand, which only allows certain ethnic groups to be a part of it. In other words, racial discrimination remains as a plague in the sporting institution (Armstrong, 2011).
Dealing with the issue of sport and ethnology, three major factors come to mind; prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.
"Money makes the world go 'round." Sports could not exist without the presence of money. You have high paid athletes asking for multi-million dollar contacts, while at the same time you have doctors not even making close to that amount. There are corporations buying out sports teams, buying stadiums, and buying everything that has to do with sports. Someone may ask why they do this. Sports are one of the most profitable industries in the world. Everyone wants to get their hand on a piece of the action. Those individuals and industries that spend hundreds of millions of dollars on these sports teams are hoping to make a profit, but it may be an indirect profit. It could be a profit for the sports club, or it could be a promotion for another organization (i.e. Rupert Murdoch, FOX). The economics involved with sports has drastically changed over the last ten years. In the United States, we spend about 13% of all money on sports and entertainment. Sports has obviously done its job; entertained and drained money out of our pockets.
I think the idea of quotas is a very valid point. There needs to be something legally binding that will force companies to step up their game and become a more diverse workplace. I think it is sad that it has come to the point where ideas like this are being forced onto companies, though. According to “Gender Quotas feel Coercive but Appear to Work,” “[Deborah Hargreaves, founding director of the High Pay Centre] started off thinking that quotas weren’t the answer, but the pace of change [in the UK] is glacial,” she says. “Every board thinks that when it’s got one woman, that’s it.” This allowed me to reflect on what type of workforce I will be entering into as a woman in the next few years. I would like to live in a world where my rights and my capabilities as a woman are not questioned. Imagine a world where the topic of a woman making it to a high managerial position isn’t even news because it has become the norm, and it is just a part of society. That is the world I want to live in. An interesting quote in the article was “One German government minister has compared the forthcoming shake-up of German corporate culture to “swallowing a toad” (“Gender Quotas feel Coercive but Appear to Work”). I reflect on this thought and wonder what will be the designated moment or movement which will allow women to be truly equal in the workplace. In my opinion, quotas are only the first step. It is a milestone for women to be represented on boards or in a management position. However, just because they are present does not mean that they will be listened to, taken seriously, or
In today’s society, especially sporting activities involving youth and young adults, it is imperative to ensure the safety of those involved. When an individual is injured either physically, emotionally or both, there is the concern of legal action towards coaches and the association conducting the sporting activity (Wolohan, 2013). The litigious culture that Americans live under has produced a heightened awareness to avoid negligence in athletic activities through proper training and education (Wolohan, 2013). Negligence is defined as an unintended accident that has caused injury to a person or material goods without a premeditated plan of action to cause pain and suffering (Yiamouyiannis, 2008). For that reason, the