1. Introduction
This report is on the subject of the “Northbridge Curfew” policy which was implemented in Western Australia, under the Labor Government in 2003. The report will discuss a number of points, such as, what the curfew is, why it was created, and both the positive and negative reactions from the public after the curfew was put in to action. The report will also include a recommendation as to whether or not the Curfew should be extended to include areas outside of the Northbridge area.
2. What is the Curfew?
The “Northbridge Curfew” or otherwise known as “The Young People in Northbridge Policy” is a curfew that was created under the circumstances for the number of unsupervised children in Northbridge - one of Perth’s main entertainment districts - after dark.
2.1. Where does it apply to?
The “Young People in Northbridge Policy” is applied in the Northbridge district. From the Office of Crime Prevention’s 2003 report, this area “is defined as that area bounded by Roe Street to the south; Beaufort Street to the east; Newcastle Street to the north; the Mitchell Freeway to the west; and, William Street extending to Brisbane Street.”
Source: Look At WA website (http://www.lookatwa.com.au/Zones/northbridgemap.html)
2.2. Who it applies to?
The policy was aimed mainly to apply to the youths of Western Australia, specifically those who frequently loitered in the Perth/Northbridge area. The policy prohibits children 12 or under to be in the area after sunset, and children between the ages of 13 to 15 after 10pm – unless under the care of a sober or responsible guardian. The policy is something that has also been directed to those all less than 18 years of age, who engage in what is said to be anti-social beha...
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...n to have lowered the rate of young people in the Northbridge area, from the help of both the Police and groups in the Northbridge community, it is seen to be something of a discriminative “re-packaged policy” towards the Indigenous youth.
In regards to recommending if the policy should be extended to areas outside of Northbridge, I believe that unless there is a significant amount of research placed on the specific areas which are believed to need a curfew, then yes, it should be extended. Despite this though, from the research above, showing that there was a drop in the amount of people apprehended, it was set out on a specific racial group, from low socio-economic areas, and not areas in which middle class people reside, as it is usually believed that people from low socio-economic background are more commonly at a higher risk of crime than that of middle class.
There was a debate about this that people have been complaining that this act hasn’t been doing their job properly and there have been lots of anti-social behaviour going on and nothing is done about it. For the community in March 2003 the government had publish on the news that the Anti-social behaviour act tends to challenge Anti-social behaviour done by the society and are doing a good job of it and have now a have a bigger group that makes this act much more efficient. Also the people were very happy and said they feel much relaxed and safe at that time. For the public service such as the PCSO’s who could be the ones who could take care of these situations about anti-social behaviour and can be relied on to make sure it doesn’t happen and they also need to confirm that they have a good understanding of what happens and how to solve the situations. The offenders who do all this can be instantly punished by the ASBO’s by them taking the offenders to court and could possibly give a
As shown above, curfew laws can play a very critical role in a teenager’s life. It can assist with keeping the city safer, help them get enough sleep, and help them build their personal skill under a well-structured system routine. A lot of people might find curfew laws for teenagers unconstitutional and contradict the first amendment, so they decide not to abide with it. But by doing so, they are placing more a bigger experience to teenagers who are still working on developing their skills to take on new challenges. After all, Teenagers are the future of our society if we don’t teach, coach, direct, and offer guidance their future will be unstable and unproductive and that will affect the entire nation.
2002 Controlling Crime The Open University, Sage publications (Chapter 1 p.28) Wilson, J, Q and Kelling G, 1982 “Broken Windows” The Police and neighbourhood safety printed in Criminological Perspectives: Essential Readings 2nd edition 2004 pages 400 410 edited by John Muncie, Eugene McLaughlin Personal experience as Hertfordshire County Council representative on Watford and Three Rivers Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships
...een family problems, address the lack of appropriate education initiatives, progress the development of adequate employment opportunities, and alleviate problematic self-conceptions of cultural identity are realistic endeavors, which support cooperative relationships across cultures. Fostering these circumstances through engagement that warrants features of social bonding to be achieved by providing support in a way that does not minimize the experience of Aboriginal oppression will facilitate positive social change. This results in the possibility of ameliorating the complex injustices experienced by Aboriginal peoples today that are entrenched in the conditions of the past. Ultimately, these positive advancements will enable the adoption of pro-social values and solidify an environment that subsequently inhibits Aboriginal youth from resorting to gang involvement.
...to introduced the Toronto Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy. The strategy involves a two-pronged approach: old-style community policing combined with a continued, heavy presence wherever and whenever required. This strategy is risky because 9 out of 10 kids stopped and documented on a street corner could be good kids and as a result may leave them violated or make them feel like a criminal. Police have improved the number of minority recruits and have promoted members of visible minorities into higher ranks. They’ve also embarked on a unique partnership with the Ontario Human Rights Commission to improve human resources practices, and how police serve the public. One good reason for this is when the Toronto Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy is being forced; people would feel more comfortable speaking to someone of their own race rather than someone that isn’t.
Opinions such as those found in the Smith Family Youth Unemployment Report (2003) which hypothesize that juvenile crime is directly connected to the high rates of youth unemployment in Australia cannot be neither accepted nor critiqued until there is a clear understanding of what the terms “Youth Unemployment” and “Juvenile Crime” mean in the context of this essay. In this essay youth unemployment is generally taken to include the entire 15-24 age cohort – not just 15-19 year old teenagers – who are no longer at school or university and who are without a job. I have chosen to include 20-24 year olds under the banner of “Youth”, as it gives a fairer picture of the performance of all young people in the labor market and takes into account the pattern of employment both during and after leaving school or university.
...al departments actually reaches first nations” (Assembly of First Nations 2007:1), with 11 percent of funding being spent on INAC departmental overhead (Assembly of First Nations 2007). In order to improve the conditions of Aboriginal life, and subsequently improve the parenting abilities of Aboriginals, we must first address and repair the underlying psychological, emotional, and social problems within Native communities. This process of repair should be facilitated through the development of a long-term strategy, designed to increase government spending towards beneficial social and medical programs, with a primary focus on addressing the traumas inflicted by the residential school system. In the words of Lloyd Robertson (2006: 21), “Concomitantly, community development work needs to be done to mitigate the disastrous effects of the residential school experiment.”
White, R., & Sutton, A.: Crime prevention, urban space and social exclusion. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 31(1): 1995: 82-99. Print
Crime has become an ongoing trend, which has become an issue in society today. However, crimes can be prevented through various prevention strategies. The case study regarding the Kings cross shooting, where youths of indigenous background were joyriding in a stolen car in Kings Cross. They were spotted by police and lead to a police chase that resulted in two pedestrians being injured and the youths getting shot by police.
"Edmonton considers expanding outdoor smoking ban." Canadian Broadcasting Corporation [CBC] 13 June 2011. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 24 June 2011.
Curfews help the streets of many cities all around the U.S. More than 146 U.S cities, according to findarticles.com, have curfews that require kids under the age of 18 to be off the streets and in their house at a certain time. According to youthservicesslc.wordpress.com the U.S Conference of Mayors sent out a survey to other Mayors in 347 cities and discovered that 83 percent of the cities alleged that gang-related crime in some of the cities had decreased. For example, police in Phoenix say that gang affiliated murders, drive-by shootings, robberies, and major assaults have shrunk by 42 percent since the curfew law has been in effect according to findarticles.com. Even in Michigan curfew have been known to reduce teen crime, In Ludington, according to Capital News Service, “When Lake County had a problem with mischievous youth, the police department stepped up curfew enforcement for those under 16 and it paid off. The number of youth crimes decreased, Lake County Sheriff Robert Hilts said. Similar effects have been reported elsewhere. After curfew laws are put in place, youth arrests drop ...
spraying graffiti on public places, ect. In many cities crime rates among teens have declined at substantial amounts. The U.S Conference of Mayors surveyed mayors in 347 cities with curfews and found that 88 percent of the cities found that curfews made their streets safer for residents. While only 72 of the 347 cities had daytime curfews, 100 percent of those cities showed a decrease in truancy and daytime crime. Gang related problems also d...
Sherman, L. (n.d.). Communities and Crime Prevention . NCJRS. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from https://www.ncjrs.gov/works/chapter3.htm
Daily Mail (2012) claims that offenders under the age of 18 commit a quarter of all crimes, accounting for more than a million in a single year. The Home Office found that juveniles were responsible for half of the robberies, 32 per cent of burglaries, 31 per cent of vehicle crimes and 28 per cent of criminal damage offences (Daily Mail, 2012). Moreover, the warning alert is that there is a chance of reoffending by the young criminal. As stated by Daily Mail (2012), about three quarters of young criminals return to crime within a year. With regard to the evidence provided it could be stated that youth crime is a serious issue with the possibility of developing into a severe problem in the UK and the significance of emphasizing the issue of juvenile delinquency, therefore, is crucial. This essay will outline and review the causes, effects and possible solutions to such an ominous subject as you...
According to McClain, Kansas City police and officials implemented a curfew for minors. This curfew restricts teenagers the rights that they’re are able to take part in. The curfew refuses teens the right to dine, watch movies, talk with friend, or walk around the plaza after 9 p.m. The curfew was implemented due to a shooting that occurred involving a number of teenagers. This article informs the reader that not only are teens having the freedoms that other people are able to enjoy taken away, but they are also being discriminated against because of their age. These restrictions are not only discriminative, but they’re unconstitutional. The 14th amendment to the constitution has a clause, called the Equal Protection Clause. The Equal Protection Clause states, “The constitutional guarantee that no person or class of persons shall be denied the same protection of the laws that is enjoyed by other persons or other classes in like circumstances in their lives, liberty, property, and pursuit of happiness” (thefreedictionary.com). The Equal Protection Clause also prevents a class of people from feeling inferior. This clause could easily be extended to teens as well because they are viewed as intellectually inferior by majority class. Adolescents are thought to be incapable of making an appropriate solution to a situation. This misconception has been formed due to parents and elderly people forcing children to follow strict rules and do as the parent or elderly person says; this prevents the child from creating their own solution to problems and causes the child to lack problem solving skill. The lack of problems solving skill could affect them more substantially in life, due to them no longer being minors and having their punishment more severe. Teens are widely regarded as trouble-makers, but they only cause trouble in their pursuit to experience life. Not only do curfews force children to