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Childhood sexual abuse and its effects on adulthood
What are the effects of child sexual abuse
Effects of trauma essay
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Approximately 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Bull,2001). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. To get a better understanding of what sexual trauma can do to a child the website all about counseling asked us to imagine “ a 6 year old being abused by a family member, say Uncle Joe. Uncle Joe has been very nice to the child up until the other day. He then steps across sexual boundaries, or even becomes physically hurtful to the child. The child may have a hard time holding onto that experience and still function as a young child, playing and enjoying life (www.allaboutcounseling.com). According to the website (www.allaboutcounseling.com) “Children often protect themselves by blocking/repressing or dissociating these kinds of memories. Because of this experience, a child may develop depression or other kinds of symptoms like isolating themselves, or acting out with anger. These symptoms can continue into adulthood. Unless the memory is confronted, the person may continue to act out, not knowing the cause for their It has been stated “that having a traumatic dissociation or childhood sexual amnesia is very common and real. The human mind responds in various ways to trauma. People who have studied trauma and traumatic events have known for a long time that there are several kinds of amnesia that affects us. When something is overwhelming emotionally, some people block it out, separating the event from the rest of their memories”(www.allaboutcounseling.com). For example, people that were in a car accident forget parts of what happened. The psychological conclusion says that the stress of the moment was so traumatic that the person c... ... middle of paper ... ...ma. Virginian Pilot, vol.1 Ode.K. (2010) . Sexual Trauma: Women Vet’s Secret War. Star Tribune, 11 Rayeesa.A. (2011). Gulf News: Trauma of sexual assailt could scar young victims for life.General Interet Periodicals—United Arab Emirates.vol1.120-132 Salter. A. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Transforming trauma: a guide to understanding and treating adult survivors .192-246. Thousand Oaks. London. New Delhi Sebold.A. (1989). HERS; Speaking of the Unspeakable Retrieved March 12, 2011 from : http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE0DA113DF935A15751C0A96F948260#h[] Wonderlich, S., Crosby. R., Mitchell. J., & Thompson. K., (2001). Sexual trauma and personality: Developmental vulnerability and addictive effects. Journal of Personality Disorders,Vol 6, 496-504 Retrieved from www.allaboutcounseling.com getting all the help you need
Even though our bodies are in one place, our minds may be in another. In Martha Stout’s essay “When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday,” the author introduces us to the idea of dissociation. Dissociation is when one’s mind is away from the body and he or she does not know what is going on in the physical world. Those that have traumatic histories may experience this. But because of dissociation, victims may not know if they had a traumatic past because a memory of it never really formed. Stout also finds that individuals may use dissociation as a way to protect themselves from trauma. Sometimes the slightest and smallest piece of a traumatic memory may bring into play the dissociation. When these individuals experience dissociation and become their “flyaway selves,” they do not remember what happened to them in the time they were “away.” For example, whenever “Los Angeles” was mentioned to Julia, one of Stout’s patients, she would “flyaway” as a way to protect herself from remembering any of the traumatic experiences that happened to her when she lived in Los Angeles. But Julia did not remember going through any traumatic experiences in her history because the memory never really formed. When she would “flyaway,” Julia would blackout and not recall any of the things she had done in the days previous to her “waking up” again. Stout came to the conclusion that Julia was abused as a child and as a way to escape during the abuse, she would become dissociated with her surroundings and what was happening to her. To not remember one’s own past puts them on a very vulnerable and difficult trail; dissociation may seem a way to protect oneself, but at the same time it’s harmful.
The effects of childhood sexual abuse carry on with the children forever. To what extent and to what effect does abuse have on children during adulthood? What are the main issues that adults have been abused suffer from in adulthood? Do they have more of a physical issue with preforming with their partner in the bedroom or do they have more of a mental block due to their trauma? The world had been asking these questions for far too long and we need answers on how helping the children of our world. The questions that have been stated have been answered through the two articles that will be summarized below.
McNally, R. J., Clancy, S. A., Schacter, D. L., & Pitman, R. K. (2000). Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal Of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 355-359. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.355
It is believed by some that trauma can lead to amnesia, blocking memories that are too traumatic for the conscious mind to retain.... ... middle of paper ... ... Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 15(7), 493-497. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00707.x. Otgaar, H., Candel, I., Merckelbach, H., & Wade, K. (2008).
This paper outlines the consequences of child sexual abuse (CSA) based on the examination of results from multiple researches previously fulfilled concerning the psychological and physical impact of this crime, information of statistics, warning signs detected, victims’ performances, and emotional state. Sexual abuse causes severe trauma on child victims that will last for the course of their lives, therefore it is critical to identify and improve the therapeutic methods utilized to treat CSA survivors.
Recovered memories of childhood trauma and abuse has become one of the most controversial issues within the field of psychology. Controversy surrounding repressed memory - sometimes referred to as the memory wars – reached its’ peak in the early 1990s, where there was a rise in the number of people reporting memories of childhood trauma and abuse that had allegedly been repressed for many years (Lindsay & Read, 2001). There are a number of different factors that have contributed to the dispute surrounding recovered memories. Firstly, there is an ongoing debate about whether these types of memories actually exist or whether these accusations arose as a result of suggestive therapeutic procedures. In particular, this debate focuses on two main
Greeson et al. (2010) found complex trauma to be a significant predictor on tests for internalizing problems, for PTSD, and for having at least one clinical diagnosis. They recommend a “trauma-informed perspective, because of the negative effects of trauma on an already negatively-affected population” This means catering treatment, considering the client’s experiences and seeking out evidence based approaches to trauma-based treatments.
Recently there has been an extreme debate between "false" vs. "repressed" memories of abuse. A false memory is created when an event that really happened becomes confused with images produced by trying to remember an imagined event. The term false memory syndrome refers to the notion that illusionary and untrue memories of earlier child abuse can be 'recalled' by adult clients during therapy. In an increasingly polarized and emotive debate, extreme positions have been adopted, on one side by those believing that recovered memories nearly always represent actual traumatic experiences, for example, Fredrickson (1992) who argues for a 'repressed memory syndrome' and, on the other side, by those describing a growing epidemic of false memories of abuse which did not occur. (Gardner, 1992; Loftus, 1993; Ofshe & Watters, 1993; Yapko, 1994).
Child abuse is a serious issue in today's society. Many people have been victims of child abuse. There are three forms of child abuse: physical, emotional, and sexual. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detremental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse affect middle-aged adults? Many contradicting views arise from the subject of childhood sexual abuse. Researchers and psychologists argue on this issue. Childhood sexual abuse has the potential to damage a child physically, emotionally, and behaviorally for the rest of his or her childhood, and the effects have been connected to lasting into middle-aged adulthood.
Sexual assault is a traumatic event that can cause extreme psychological effects on the victim. These effects can be short-term, and they can manifest themselves into long-term effects, depending on the individual and how the sexual assault occurred. Victims of sexual assault can be either male or female, with both sexes having fairly similar psychological effects. In addition to these psychological effects, some individuals develop Rape Trauma Syndrome or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which can be more easily classified as short-term versus long-term responses. Every individual is different and may differ in their reactions to this event; there is no normal or common way to react (Kaminker, 1998, pg. 23).
A repressed memory is one that is retained in the subconscious mind, where one is not aware of it but where the memory can still affect conscious thoughts and behavior of that individual (skepdic.org). Many cases of repressed memory or False Memory Syndrome (FMS) pertain to incidents of childhood trauma. Memories of either child abuse, child molestation, or events of extreme shock may be pushed into some "inaccessible corner" of unconsciousness in the mind (Stanford News). These experiences may be repressed for years, or even decades, until one day they are triggered to emerge into consciousness. In the debate over the validity of repressed memories of childhood abuse or trauma, both genuine and fabricated memories seem to be recovered. Until
The conclusion of the study admits the truth that children may experience sexual abuse and trauma at childhood but the issue is how true those memories are and it also leaves a hanging question on the credibility of the methodology used to access this information by the therapists since there is a high level of misinformation.
The issue of trauma in sexual addicts has been the subject of many studies and research and those who have it prepared draw into conclusions and seeing the sexual addiction as a “…sickness involving any type of uncontrollable sexual activity.” (Laaser, 2004, p. 23) One of the things that caught my attention in your post is what you wrote about that: “Childhood trauma is one of the leading causes of sex addiction for most addicts.”
While many adolescence have disabilities that effect their way of life, the least spoken about disability is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder especially when pertaining to child sexual abuse. The article “Trauma Characteristics and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse” reveals the contexts of PTSD along with a randomized controlled case study of 83 female adolescents who undergone such abuse. This study was conducted by doctoral-level clinicians using various measures including but not limited to: Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire, and Trauma History Interview. In addition, a data analytic approach was used to subdivide each adolescent’s trauma by type, number of victimizations, as well as the relationship to the perpetrator.
More importantly, “60 percent of children who are sexually abused do not disclose and most are acquaintances but as many as 47 percent are family or extended family” (The Scope of, 2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse is difficult to determine because it is often not reported; experts agree that the incidence is far greater than what is reported to authorities (Child Sexual Abuse, 2012). Startling statistics represent the depth of the issue. Globally, prevalence rates show that a range of 7-36% of women and 3-29% of men experience sexual abuse in childhood (The Scope of, 2016). “The U.S Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau report child maltreatment 2010 found that 9.2% of victimized children were sexually assaulted” (Child Sexual Abuse,