Cameron succeeded in getting a new deal on the UK membership of the European Union, but the decision whether to leave was up to the citizens and thereby leaving the government without much control. The exit of the UK seems to challenge the idea of “integration” and brings the concept of disintegration into the picture, which Liberal Intergovernmentalism then would have to be able to account for. Due to the scope of this paper I will only briefly touch upon disintegration and how Liberal Intergovernmentalism deals with UK’s divorce with the European Union.
According to Ben Rosamond (2016), UK leaving the European Union has provoked speculations about a possible disintegration of Europe (Rosamond, 2016: 865). Most scholars have been engaged
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The British people rely on the EU in terms of stabilising trade, investments, travel, litigation, national security and political values (Moravcsik, 2016). Whether Brexit then should be seen as the first real example of disintegration in the EU is still hard to say as the negotiation-process on the terms of leaving and the future relationship between the European Union and the UK is still not clear. But still, why leave if the government did not want to? One could argue the decision to leave was not really a government decision. The preference of the UK government was to stay in the European Union, whereas Brexit registered a societal preference to leave. Liberal Intergovernmentalism should then however also have to be able to account for this societal preference which is not entirely economic rational and might also be linked to issues of identity, culture and maybe even irrationality. Arguments made by Euro-sceptics pull threads between e.g. EU, migration, economy and identity which then only partly seem to fit within the framework of Liberal Intergovernmentalism. However, according to Moravcsik’s 1993 article, “EC institutions have been deliberately designed to assist national governments in overcoming
This essay will address whether New Labour contained policies with which it wished to pursue, or was solely developed in order to win elections. It is important to realise whether a political party that held office for approximately 13 years only possessed the goal of winning elections, or promoted policies which it wished to pursue. If a party that held no substance was governing for 13 years, it would be unfair to the people. New Labour was designed to win elections, but still contained policies which it wished to pursue. To adequately defend this thesis, one must look at the re-branding steps taken by New Labour and the new policies the party was going to pursue. Through analysis, it will be shown that New Labour promoted policies in regards
Prutha Patel Mr. Lougheed Social Studies 09 February, 2016 Has Europe United? Do you believe that the European Union has united Europe? A supranational cooperation is when countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals. The European countries have used supranational cooperation to create the European Union because they want to prevent future wars, and rebuild the weak economy that had formed after the two wars. The European Union has united Europe because it has made Europe have a common currency called the Euro, has a common “government” for the European Union, and has all of the countries influenced when one country that is part of the European Union is in “trouble”.
So we have looked at various different Political Ideologies that have developed in modern times however not one of them proves itself to be superior to another. They all have certain strength’s and weakness to be taken advantage of by all governments. It is best to understand that different political ideologies serve different purposes, and that governments must remain ideologically flexible depending on current national conditions.
A Democratic Deficit in the EU The question over the legitimacy of the EU has been a nearly continuous debate and many commentators appear to agree that the EU suffers from a severe ‘democratic deficit’. There are many reasons why this perception is so widespread. As a multinational body it lacks the grounding in common history and culture upon which most individual polities can draw.
Broadly speaking, Britain’s conflicting promises and attempts to contain two nation-states under one mandate led to its fragmentation. Conflicting perspectives arise from views on Britain’s
On the other hand, UK is playing a major role in the single market. Thus, by leaving this market, UK
Peterson, J. and Shackleton, M. 2002. The institutions of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The United Kingdom was a member of the European Union. The European Union is an example of the second most integrated arrangement, the economic union. Therefore, voting to leave is a direct effort to reverse regional economic integration.
Cerutti, F and Lucarelli, S: The Search for a European Identity: Values, Policies and Legitmacy of the European Union, (2008) Routledge
...he squatter camps of the city which they are living. Moreover slums are also the source of all kinds of social evils such as drugs and prostitution because of the lowest security.
Senior, Nello Susan. "Chapters:4,15." The European Union: Economics, Policies and History. London: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.
On the one hand, without international relations from the EU, Britain is economically and socially vulnerable. While Britain’s exit from the EU may define Britain’s power according to British citizens, the type of power that matters is relative power, which is the power when it is being compared to other states. If the other states do not recognize Britain as a force of power, then its exit from the EU is pointless. On the other hand, by discontinuing the benefits granted by the EU, Britain declines the assistance that could have helped the country to become more powerful. In other words, Brexit decreases a source of gathering power for Britain, since the EU not only offers economic opportunities, but it also provides useful information so that the member states can behave accordingly. Overall, realism suggests that while Brexit increases Britain’s confidence in being powerful, it also decreases the country’s power in a way.
One reason why Britain should leave the EU is because of how it will advance their nation economically. By regaining full sovereignty it leads their country to advance economically, as they will be able to speak for themselves. As the EU sets specific regulations, it prohibits the UK from doing something that could help them. With their own rules, the UK can trade with whomever they please. The UK can additionally control all plans and legislations that can adhere to help them, rather than how 70% of UK laws were passed by the EU .
Because it could be quite complicated to look at the EU model from a point of classical democratic nation-state, it seems to be reasonable to discuss this problem, not by abstract reasoning, but by focusing on a concrete case. European Union is the best case available, which in recent decades has developed into a new type of political system with enormous consequences on democracy and governance in its member states. Despite repeated attempts for major institutional reforms, this system is likely to persist in its basic structures for the future and is unlikely to develop into a federal state or to disintegrate into a classic international organization. The present state of democracy and governance in the EU is therefore worth to be analyzed, as it is not a mere transitory state.
The debate about British Identity has been prominently featured in recent years as a public concern. The foundation of British Identity was based on the act of union in 1801 between England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland that created Great Britain. Heath and Roberts describe this identity as “a relatively recent construct and was gradually superimposed on earlier national identities of English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish” (2008:4). The four nations were unified mainly because of the political and economic project of the British Empire that developed a shared agenda and The Second World War which melted the distinctive differences between the constituent nations (Ward, 2004). According to Colley, the interests that unified the nations do not exist and even if they do” they are less distinctive” (1992). Although there is identification with Britishness, it is noticeable that Britons hold a stronger allegiance to their primary nation. The British Identity is decreasing as many writers suggested, and this is due to many different trends and influences such as globalization, immigration and communication (Heath and Roberts, 2008). This essay highlights some of the reasons of the decline in the British national identity and the rise of the consentient nation’s sentiment. This is approached by firstly considering the internal factors of the devolution of power to Scotland and Wales, and secondly the external factor of immigration and will analyze the relationship between age and identification with a nation.