“History is the sextant of states which, tossed by wind and current, would be lost in confusion if they could not fix their position” said Allan Nevins, an American historian and journalist. The sextant was invented in 1757 by John Campbell in Scotland. John Campbell innovated the octant, created by John Hadley, by increasing measuring angles. Sextant came from the Latin word “sextus” which means one sixth. Though the sextant was helpful for navigation, the design itself had many errors. The pros about the sextant are navigable, modern use, and relic. The main purpose of the sextant is navigation. The “instrument [is used] for determining the angle between the horizon and a celestial body… or… to determine latitude and longitude” (Sextant). …show more content…
Though the invention was useful for navigation, the design has many flaws that are non-correctable. “Graduation error… are caused by imperfections in machining the arc, cutting the gears, or marking the scale of the arc or micrometer drum” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). Another non-correctable error is the prismatic, which “is caused by the planes of a mirror not being parallel” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). The last non-correctable error is centering which occurs “when the index arm is not pivoted at the exact center of curvature of the arc” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). Another set of errors the sextant has is correctable ones. One of the correctable errors is the index error caused when “the horizon glass not being parallel to the index mirror when the sextant is set on zero” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). Error of perpendicularity is the “results from the index mirror not being perpendicular to the sextant frame” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). Similar to the error of perpendicularity, side error is caused when “the horizon glass not being perpendicular to the frame of the sextant” ((The Marine Sextant (Correctable and Non-Correctable Errors)). The design of the sextant is inconvenient due its size which took a proportion of space on boats. There are
In the book Chen and Hong travel down the Yangtze river and across the Grand Canal on their way to Beijing. When they near the end of the grand canal they’re told that they can no longer travel by river, hence the Yellow River has flooded. While unloading from the dock they see a beautiful ship coming into port “Her five masts were staggered off the middle and tilted forward and aft, this kept each sail from getting becalmed” (Bosse 132). This quote is talking about a type of warship used by the Chinese in Song era called a “Junk”. These ships usually had five masts and each were staggered to allow them to constantly be full of wind and also to reduce the chance of tipping. These type of ships were used by dynasties and merchants along the river for transport and war. According to Junk (Ship) “The sail-plan is also spread out between multiple masts, allowing for a powerful sail surface, with a low centre of effort which reduces the tipping moment.” (Junk (Ship)). This quote supports that Bosse wrote this book correctly because it shows that the author didn’t just make up the fact about junk ships and that he actually researched the time period. Bosse also depicts the use of the Imperial Exam well in this
Design the turtle brought up ever before seen challenges. You could not use candle for light as the flame will use up air. Designers need to find way to move on all 3 axis. Lastly and most importantly it had to be airtight. There were unique solutions that to us now seem obvious. To solve the light issue a type of wood fungus called fox fire, this created its own issue in that if it fisted over it would stop working meaning that the mission would have to go forth in summer. To move on all the axis the torte had 3 impellers, one on top and 1 on either side. The craft also had a rudder. Moving up and down was achieved by having a tank in the bottom that could be flooded with water to sink and pump water out to rise meaning that you can change the amount of weight. Making a watercraft was basically done by building something that they already knew would hold water a barrel, essentially the turtle was a large barrel. Another design element was the lead keel that kept the craft upright.
Many women today are doing more C-sections, also known as cesarean, than they are natural. Whether the reasons being because it’s more convenient or that some moms did not really have a choice, the percentage is still growing. “The cesarean delivery rate increased from 26% to 36.5% between 2003 and 2009; 50.0% of the increase was attributable to an increase in primary cesarean delivery (National Partnership for Women & Families, 201.)” There are many things to consider when deciding which is the right or safer choice. With both choices comes risks for the baby like, possible respiratory problems with a C-section. The mom has many risks to worry about for herself as well, like possibly hemorrhaging. There is also the recovery and the long-term effects that a woman has to put into consideration. They both have their pros and cons that should not be taken lightly.
Not unlike most debates, there are two major schools of thought when it comes to sex education in schools in the United States of America. One side believes that teaching abstinence to students helps them wait till marriage in a society that constantly pushes sexual imagery and language at them. Such people are supporters of what is known as abstinence based and abstinence-only education. The other side believes that students should receive comprehensive sexual education, where they are provided detailed information about intercourse, contraception, including abstinence, and STI transmission/treatment (Masland 2004). Sex education in the United States has consistently been a debate since the 1960 's. The controversy lies mainly in what schools should and should not be allowed to teach. The most common contention points are: birth control and contraception, Homosexuality (LGBTQ), abstinence-only, HIV awareness and education, and abortion. Objectively this
Mark I. It was actually a electromechanical calculation. It is said that this was the first potentially computers. In 1951 Remington Rand’s came out with the UNIVAC it began
There has been a heated debate over the years on whether sex education should be taught at schools instead of abstinence-only. Many believe that talking about sex in the classroom raises the initiation of such behavior, and by stressing discipline, self-control, and self-respect, advocates argue, abstinence-only programs build character in students. Others believe that ignoring the subject keeps teens in the dark which leads them to make unsafe decisions when they become sexually active. In order to fix this problem schools should teach Sex Education, but emphasize that abstinence is the only 100 percent effective way to prevent pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.
Female contraception was first defined in the late 1800’s as the deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by various techniques, drugs, or devices. The access of female contraception for women has been a subject of debate for thousands of years. Women should have access to contraception because of the health benefits it provides not only physically, but mentally. The use of female contraception supports gender equality, and lastly, the use of contraception provides new arguments against an aging Catholic church.
In the United States, there is a rising problem that is not going anywhere anytime soon, that is if we, as citizens, don 't change it. This problem is causing billions of dollars and people 's futures all because schools would rather teach ignorance than the truth. What’s the problem? Sex education. Although sex education may not seem like a rising conflict, it is actually one of the top controversial topics in our country regarding education. According to Brigid McKeon, “Each year, U.S. teens experience as many as 850,000 pregnancies, and youth under age 25 experience about 9.1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs)” (McKeon). This number is so unbelievable to any sane person, but somehow schools still won 't take the initiative to teach realistic sex education. Sex education can be taught in two different procedures- comprehensive or abstinence only. The difference between the two methods is that comprehensive sex education teaches abstinence as a secondary choice, so that teens who decide not to wait are well educated on how to keep themselves protected. Comprehensive sex education should be required in every single public school because it is the most effective method on how to keep teenagers well informed and prepared.
Additionally, comprehensive sex education programs are a way to educate young adults about right and wrong. A study by the American Association of University in 1993 stated that four out of five high school students have experienced sexual harassment (Lickona, 1993). Education is a powerful tool to teach young children between right and wrong. In the Havens, there is a confusion about what constitutes rape. According to the Havens, 77% of young men between 18-25 believed that having sex with someone who said “no” constituted rape. Due to this confusion, young men are looking more into porn magazines to gain information about sex (Cosslett, 2014). As schools only teach the bare minimal of staying abstinence, young adults are searching elsewhere
In recent decades there has been a significant amount of research conducted for and against single-sex education. The choice between coeducational or single-gender schooling has various implications for the academic, psychological and social development of the student. Single-sex education is a normal practice in other countries due to cultural or religious beliefs. Single-gender education fell out of fashion in the United States in the 1970’s. It regained popularity in October 2006, when federal funding for single-sex classrooms in public schools as long as they as they are (1) voluntary and (2) of "substantially equal" quality content and teaching (Morin). Single-gender education may not be right for every student.
Thorough sex education, an individual develops into a responsible adult with knowledge about sexual issues vital during the adult age. Again, it solves numerous sexuality problems, which people perceive in form of myths and hallucinations (Kendall 3). Despite the demerits of sex education, the merits are quite critical and positive in transforming lives of individuals and the general society.
In 1886 Dorr D. Felt (1862 - 1930) invented the "comptometer". This was the first calculator where the operands are entered by just pressing keys. In 1889 in also invents the first printing desk calculator.
According to World Association for Sexual Health, "to achieve sexual health, all individuals, including youth, must have access to comprehensive sexuality education and sexual health information and services throughout the life cycle" (Sexual Health for the Millennium 4). In the fifteenth century, scientists and educators raised the issue of sex education of children and adolescents. This topic particularly was discussed after the sexual revolution that occurred in the past century, when there were the first attempts to introduce sex education courses first as electives, and then as a mandatory class. Sex education should be taught in schools as a compulsory subject in order to develop knowledge about puberty as well as to prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
When are children first exposed to sex? It is hard to control what a child is exposed to with the growing trend of sexual imagery in advertising, television, movies, and in the general public. An article, Children Learn Best by Observing Behavior of Adults, written by Jodie Michalak states “While children will always have their own personality and emotions, they are constantly influenced by their environment” (2013). What and how children learn is a very significant part of how healthy our society will be in the future. School has been an integral part of a child’s progression into adulthood since the 17th century. Schools carefully build the curriculum that is proper for a child’s age group. The educational system adapts to societal changes and applies the necessary criteria to the curriculum. Sexual connotations being prevalent in society these days is bringing up the question about the importance of sex education classes in schools. Sex education is a necessary part of the information provided to our children and adolescents in public schools. Schools should require sexual education because there is a chance that children may not be getting educated by their parents about sex, they may not know how to approach their parents on questions regarding sex, and with the rising rate of younger kids having sex it is imperative for them to be taught about STD’s and pregnancy. On the latter, some would argue that sex education being taught in school could lead children to a higher interest and curiosity in sex, the worry that teachers would take a non-personal approach to teaching such personal subject matter, and that some children may not be mature enough to handle the adult content of the course.
Successful sex instruction projects have a few high focuses. The high indicates incorporate activities energize the examinations of qualities, and abilities in which understudies are taught how to arrange while in sexual circumstances.