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Fraternities and collegiate rape culture summary
The effects of peer pressure
Fraternities and collegiate rape culture summary
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Imagine leaving the library late, one night and passing a nearby alley…it seems that a stranger’s shadow is seen vaguely by the lights illuminated from the various lampposts located around your campus. You immediately glance around in paranoia frantic, thinking of each Dateline episode that you had watched, scary movie, or newspaper article that you had previously read. Your entire body is engulfed in anxiety, as you rack your mind on what to grab or do and who to call in this circumstance of emergency, because, let’s face it…as a female alone in the wee hours of the night, any other suspicious looking person, of the opposite sex, wandering out, that late, had to be an attacker. On the contrary, however, this isn’t precisely how it always happens.
Unfortunately, on college campuses it is very common and sadly also very much unrecognized. With only five percent being reported, the American Civil Liberties Union estimates that about ninety-five percent of college rape crimes are not reported. Many victims of sexual assault do not wish to come forward, in reporting their assault due to fear, humiliation, and even sometimes the unjustly feeling of deserving the abuse. Some victims are afraid to tell of their abuse, because of what their attacker may do or for fear of what fellow peers may think. Statistics also show that fewer than fifty percent of college women that met the definition of rape were not sure, because of lack of knowledge and myths on the subject, so they did not tell of their experience, from not considering what happened to them to be rape. So instead, they suffer alone in silence and find their own way to cope. The aftershock of being assaulted sexually may be depression, isolation, fear to get close to anyone else, or expectation of it happening
The majority of offenders are fellow students, perhaps the most popular, involved in many organizations, very known, and least expected or professors of similar superiority. It is usually this type because even though they can have consensual sex, they are not used to not being mutually wanted so from hostility, they inflict “rape to control and show power, dominate, humiliate, and degrade the opposing victim.” Clevelandrapecrisis, sourced below, even states that “1 in 12 college-age men admit having fulfilled the prevailing definition of rape or attempted rape, yet virtually none of these men identify themselves as rapists.” However, Sexual Assault is not ever the victim’s fault. No matter, what they may have been wearing or acting, if it is not consented, than it is not a mutual want and should not be forced upon. Sexual Assault is not a sudden urge or sexual desire either. Humans are fully capable of self-control; therefore, it is up to each individual how we decide to act, express, or carry out any of our
Public opinion leads society to believe in the “good woman – stranger rapist” stereotype. In actuality, females are typically victimized by known perpetrators. According to Catalano (as cited in Kappeler and Potter, 2005, p.43), of all rapes and sexual assaults, seventy percent of women were perpetrated by someone known to the victim; thirty percent were committed by strangers. Regarding homicide, women are nine times more likely to be killed by a family member, a previous or current lover, or an acquaintance. However, Alice Sebold’s case actually played into the stranger stereotype.
When university or police find out about the sexual assault, they immediately blame the victim or question what the victim was wearing, drinking, or doing. “Brownmiller identified four basic rape myths: (1) All women want to be raped; (2) a woman cannot be raped against her will; (3) a woman who is raped is asking for it; and (4) if a woman is going to be raped, she might as well enjoy it” (Helgeson, 2012, p. 432). In The Hunting Ground, the rape myth, which a woman who is raped is asking for it, is seen throughout the testimonies of the survivors. Clark, herself, was told by her dean that “rape is like a football game” and asked if “looking back, what would you have done differently?” (Ziering & Dick, 2015). These rape myths affect how many victims actually report and how seriously sexual assaults are taken within universities and the justice system. For example, some women, themselves, subscribe to rape myths because they see how current cases are handled. “Women who did not physically fight off the person who raped them and who subscribed to the rape myth that “it can’t be rape if a woman doesn’t fight back” were less likely to acknowledge that they had been raped” (Helgeson, 2012, p. 434). Universities need to teach first-year students about consent and how to
With one in five college students experiencing sexual assault during their college career who wouldn’t be afraid? This remains especially true for young women between the ages of 18-24 (“The Realities of Sexual Assault”). While a woman’s freshman and sophomore year of college are when she is at a most risk for assault, it can happen at any time. According to Robin Gray in the article on sexual assault statistics, “between 20% and 25% of women will experience a completed and/or attempted rape during their college career,” (Gray). At Northwest Missouri State University for the 2016-2017 academic year there are 5,618 undergraduate students enrolled. With the ratio of male to female students being 44% to 56%, there are about 3,147 female students. In terms of the statistics estimated by Gray, 630-787 of the female student population at Northwest Missouri State will experience rape during their college career (“Northwest Missouri State University”). This is a disturbingly large figure. Women are not the only ones susceptible to these acts, but men are too. It is said about “10%” of all sexual assault cases involve male victims (“The Realities of Sexual Assault”). While this number is slightly lower for men it is often believed that male victims of sexual assault do not often report their crime due to the social stigma surrounding their assault. Men may feel
In an article written by John Alan Fox, Fox makes the broad claim that sexual assault is in an era of, “...Hype and hysteria--far out of proportion with the actual risk…” and “The often - repeated yet exaggerated claim that one in five college females are sexually assaulted during their undergraduate years…” (Fox, para 1&2 ). The claims of sexual assault have become more constant in the past years, yes the claims are repeated, but in no way are most claims of sexual assault “exaggerated”. It truthfully takes the victim a while to even talk to a friend about their assault let alone report it, “When students nationwide were asked why they did not report incidents of sexual misconduct...because they were ‘embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult’...” (Campus Sexual Assault Survey Details Prevalence at UT Austin and 26 Other US Universities, para 16). The claim of the “one in five college females” is an often repeated claim that many see in sexual assault campaigns and is most common among college women, but, “Sexual violence happens to people of all ages, races, genders, sexual orientations, religions, abilities, professions, incomes and ethnicities” (Info and Stats on Sexual Assault, pg 9). In fact, “The rates of sexual assault and misconduct are highest among undergraduate women and transgender, gender queer
90 percent of the victims of sexual assault are women and 10 percent are men, and nearly 99 percent of offenders in single-victim assaults are men (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2010). According to https://www.justice.gov/ovw/sexual-assault, Sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Falling under the definition of sexual assault are sexual activities as forced sexual intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempted rape. () Sexual Assault can happen to anyone, not just women it can happen to men and kids as well. Sexual Assault these days are a big trouble and it is not being addressed in good order, and it is
According to Kathleen Hirsch, the author of “Fraternities of Fear: Gang Rape, Male Bonding, and the Silencing of Women” 1 in every 4 women attending college will be the victim of sexual assault at some point during her academic career. Or in another study reported in the “The sexual Victimization of College Women” there are 35.3 incidents of sexual assault in a group of 1,000 women in a time span of 6.91 months (Statistics). Obviously sexual assault is a huge problem that should be taken very seriously. Some colleges have wonderful programs put in place that provides great services to help those students who have been have been sexually assaulted and programs that help education and prevent sexual assault.
The first 38 pages talked a lot about terrorism and how it effected women today. I had a great interest in the article “Demon Lover” ( pg. 18). The article started off explaining how when a women walks, say to her car, and she hears foot steps behind her, her heart rate goes up and she feels fear. I deal with that fear everyday, I thought I was just being silly and weak. Whenever I go somewhere alone or with other girls, I am always aware of my surroundings and of men lurking for prey. When I say prey I mean it in a broad range from men who want a one night stand, to men that want to kill me for the sake of killing. When I walk in a parking my senses are up and if someone begins to walk towards me or behind me I began to fear and think of what could happen. I then squeeze the mace in my hand to reassure myself I do have some protection all though in some cases it may never do me good.
Sexual assault is defined as any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Falling under the definition of sexual assault are sexual activities as forced sexual intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and In the United States 80% of sexual assault victims are under the age of 30. Of that 80%, 44% are under the age of 18 (RAINN, 2016). That leaves 36% of victims between the ages of 18 and 30. These percentages become even more alarming when that 80% is of about 293,000 victims of secual assualt each year (RAINN, 2016). It is estimated that 1 in every 6 women in the US has been or will be victims of sexual assault in their lifetime. The risks of sexual assault increase on college campuses. Women ages 18-24 who are enrolled in college are 3 times more likely than women in general to suffer from sexual violence (RAINN, 2016). One would think that with all these women being sexually assaulted, one would hear more about it, or perhaps the police stations would constantly be busy. This is not the case. Sexual assault is one of the most unreported crimes, with 68% still being left unreported (RAINN, 2016). This could be because of every 100 rapists, only 2 will spend a day in jail. Of the 32 out of 100 that would be reported, only 7 are referred to an arrest (RAINN, 2016). Why would men or women want to report sexual assault when the system that is supposed to protect them fails so often, and why does this system continue to fail?
According to an interview by Beckett Brennan with Katie Couric “95 percent of victims that were sexual assault on college campuses do not report the sexual assault” (The Case). Majority of sexual assaults that happen on a college campus, will never be reported. Colleges should have more of a responsibility when it comes to the sexual assaults on campuses. Colleges need to own up to the sexual assaults, and take responsibility for the sexual assaults. Colleges need to stop pushing sexual assaults away, and need to stand up and do something about the sexual assaults on college campuses. Although sexual assaults are an individuals responsible, colleges should also be responsible in the sexual assaults that happen on college campuses.
Sexual assault is defined as a type of behaviour that occurs without explicit consent from the recipient and under sexual assault come various categories such as sexual activities as forces sexual intercourse, incest, fondling, attempted rape and more (Justice.gov. 2017). People often become victims of sexual assault by someone they know and trust (Mason & Lodrick, 2013) which is conflicting to the public’s perception and beliefs that offenders are strangers. Women are the main victims for sexual assault and are 5 times more likely to have been a victim of sexual assault from a male (Wright, 2017, p. 93). Men are victims of sexual assault however only 0.7% of men, compared to 3.2% of women, experience some form of sexual assault which highlights
... female victims in mind to raise safety awareness among female students living on college campuses. Women are primary victims of crimes more strongly influenced by the gender factor; they have been known to be easily overpowered by men (assuming the attacker is male!). A male victim may be able to fight back his attacker, but for a female it seems that their best line of defense is simply locking the door.
College campuses are one of the most popular scenes for crimes of rape to occur. A disturbing statistic resea...
Sexual assault is an offense that plagues many U.S. citizens. Although some studies show that rape is on the decline, other studies report that the phenomena actually occuring is that less rape victims are reporting the crime. In fact, approximately 68% of sexual assaults go unreported to the police according to the U.S. Department of Justice in a National Crime Victimization Survey from 2008-2012. It is common knowledge that rape victims are usually severely traumatized after the event, which leaves them susceptible to various emotions such as shame, anxiety, numbness, fear, denial, and guilt. Because of this, many rape victims decide to repress their experience and let it go unheard. However, not only does this prevent them from healing emotionally,
Caroline Heldman’s lecture, Confronting Campus Sexual Violence, really opened my eyes. The shocking statistic that one in five college women face assault/rape was a lot to take in. As she stated, college for us women is a risk factor, we face a higher risk that our non-college peers, and that frighten me. After sitting and lecture and taking in all of the statistics, I reflected upon on myself, and everyone I know on this campus, and I could not leave behind the idea that perhaps one of them have gone through that. Nonetheless, as captured in Sexual Assault on Campus: A Multilevel, Integrative Approach to Party Rape by Elizabeth A. Armstrong, Laura Hamilton and Brian Sweeney focus on the high rates of sexual assault on college campuses. Based on their study, they show that sexual assault is a predictable outcome. They focus on the gendered process such as fraternity control every aspect of their parties, in terms of themes, admission, access to alcohol and even the movement of guests (617). On the other hand, women are expected to be nice and grateful guests. Therefore, this demonstrates the idea of power, and how is in control of who and this is what generates room for sexual assault. From a personal experience my freshmen year, I went out with a group of friends, nonetheless, once we got to the fraternity party they only allowed my female friends and I in, and the
Fear in general drives human beings to be alert of the dangers surrounding us. A woman’s fear could easily be driven by a man just because he is simply a man. In our society we have painted the picture that as women we should be careful when we walk by ourselves at night and we should always be on alert with a weapon ready in hand. A recent study conducted in Canada proved that women were “three times more likely than men to be afraid when walking alone after dark.” (Women against Violence against Women, 2015). Though on one hand our mass media and culture have had an influence to stereotype men to play the “antagonist” when it comes to women walking home alone at night.