Before the mid-1600s, Government Monarchies looked to expand their colonies for two main motives: to ensure their own political and military power and to create access to markets for various goods. However, during these times Europe called for new regimes and consolidation of territory’s after conflicts such as the Thirty Years War occurred. From 1618-1648 tensions between the German Catholic and Protestant churches ensued thus creating a civil war. The war was mostly fought in Germany, however, it expanded to various European countries such as France, Sweden and Spain. What began as a religious issue soon transformed into constitutional matters because of higher powers using the influence of war to expand their empire. The role of the Thirty
Years War can be discussed through the Bellicist Theory. Without competition or warfare, limited progression would ensue. As Charles Tilly famously said, “War Made the State and the State Made War”. Nonetheless, the rise of state developed as a response to lack of sovereignty within territories. A treaty entitled the Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War by embarking upon the idea of control over legal, territorial and administrative structures. Its significance served as a factor which terminated counter-reformation whilst eliminating domination from the Holy Roman Empire. The Treaty of Westphalia included provisions such as renewed terms from the Peace of Augsburg, which allowed each state to decide upon its own religion while also inputting Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Calvinism as legal practices. Furthermore, all 300-2000 German states were declared sovereign (Germanic liberty), therefore given the opportunity to participate in trade with one another. Overall, it was proclaimed that declarations (including war) cannot be sanctioned without the consent of the head of states. Today, the Peace of Westphalia is a benchmark for modern political and legal concepts regarding the formation and importance of a State. International relations thrive upon how States organize and discuss public affairs. Without diplomatic recognition, a region may not declare sovereignty over a territory, therefore cannot participate in politics from a global perspective.
There was tremendous competition between European states for power and wealth. England wanted to limit France in the new world and as time went on, the conflict grew and the French and English colonies got involved as well as the Spanish ones. Both King Williams’s war and Queen Anne’s War ended in a negotiated peace and had little effect on the colonies, but both had accompanying wars in Europe. King William’s was the War of the League of Augsburg in Europe and Queen Anne’s War was the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In the eighteenth century, the European states depended on borrowing to fund their wars, but the English were the first not to pay off the debt when the war was over. The English instead just paid the interest on the debt, but as the debt
There was a short time where all was calm right after the civil war. king charles the second and his father were both dead so Charles brother took over. this is king James the secondf and he was a Catholic sao he appointed many high positions in the government. Most of his sibjects were protestant and did not like the idea of Catholicism being the religion theyd have to abide by. like his father and brother king james the second ignored the peoples wishes and ruled without Parliament and relied on royal power. an English Protestant leader wanted to take the power away from james and give it to his daughter Mary and Her husband William from the Netherlands. William saled out to the south of england with his troops but sent them away soon after they landed
In the mid 18th century many different powers in Europe were trying to spread their influence and gain global power. However, this was not without difficulty. There were many regional issues that these powers needed to overcome such as economic complications, struggles with native and conquered peoples, and competing with other European powers.
Absolute monarchs ruled though the policy of absolutism. Absolutism declared that the king ruled though divine right with a legitimate claim to sole and uncontested authority (French State Building and Louis XIV). On this basis, Louis XIV of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire were both absolute monarchs. Each ruler believed that his power belonged to him and him alone due to divine right. They showed their absolute power by living lavishly, increased their power by waging wars, and kept their power by ensuring complete loyalty of their subjects.
The Inquisition run by Tomas de Torquemada persecuted other religions and was a base of counter-reformation
Prior to the 1650’s, the Dutch Republic was the wealthiest and most powerful province in Holland through Amsterdam, the leading force in trade and banking. Many European nations were jealous of their success and wanted it for themselves which resulted in conflicts between the Dutch and many European powers. As a result, the Dutch Republic entered a period of decline until the Peace of Utrecht of 1713. The expensive wars with England and France, decline in trade and distrust between the Dutch provinces led to challenges in security, unity and prosperity of the Republic.
The new government of United States of America was formed in 1789 and George Washington was elected as America’s first president and John Adams was elected as first vice-president of America. It was the period which America’s first cabinet was formed along with the departments of war, treasury and State. Also, an Attorney Journal was selected. As it was the beginning of the new government, therefore, there were various problems faced by the U.S. government and that lead to many aspects which weakened the systems of the government.
The war started out as a dispute over a declaration by Duke Ferdinand and escalated to a large-scale war between Catholic versus Protestant, Calvinist, and Lutheran religions. While the war began due to religious motivation, the war ultimately ended up being a political tool used to limit the Hapsburg power in Spain. France, a Catholic power, and other anti-Catholic entities throwing their support behind Gustavus Adolphus, who was a deeply religious Protestant fighting the largely Catholic Spain. This led to a division of the Holy Roman Empire and left Germany divided as Sweden, France, and the Catholic Church carved out their territories through political means to increase their own party’s
European monarchs from the Early Modern Era were indeed justified in their decision to wield complete power over everyone else. Absolute monarchs have proven time and time again that their ruling style greatly benefits their people if done correctly. While many people in today’s society would argue that having an absolute ruler would be an unwise decision, you must take in consideration the fact that they have a bias opinion based of their current government. Rulers like Catherine the Great and Maria Theresa are known for doing great things and that further proves the advantages of establishing a monarchy. Even though absolute rulers are rare now, that doesn’t change the fact that it is every efficient.
Within 1650 to 1713 the Dutch Republic underwent a formidable transformation, which changed its status as a major influence in Europe. The Dutch Republic was a political union of seven provinces that was not only an impressive banking and commercial capital, but the Dutch also had a great navy as well. Additionally, the center of flourishment in the Dutch Republic was Amsterdam, which was the foremost trading and banking center in all of Europe. The changing environment of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries forced the Dutch Republic into a position of conflict and unbalance, which proved detrimental to their country as a whole. One of the first challenges to the Dutch Republic dealt with military and how countries, such as the English, wanted to snatch the Dutch’s profitable sea trade routes for themselves. As a result of military conflicts, the Dutch Republic’s economy decreased as a whole due to the fact that wars burdened the previously flourishing trade routes and wealthy cities. Another challenge to the Dutch Republic was unity and how Dutch cities began to doubt other provinces of loyalty to one another, which destroyed most efforts of unification for retaliation against the countries attacking the Dutch. Overall, the major decline of the Dutch Republic was a great example of when one part of a nation goes down, the rest of the nation followed suit.
During the early 1600s, a series of crop failures termed the "little ice age" wrecked havoc in Europe. This period was quickly followed by the Price Revolution, a massive inflation due to a currency surplus, which destroyed the European economy. Both of these events greatly weakened the current feudal government, allowing absolute monarchs to establish power over their countries. Many of these monarchs took similar paths when gaining power, mimicking each other in their ideas and actions. In the 1600s and 1700s, absolute monarchs similarly grew and consolidated their power by supporting the image of divine right, asserting control over the nobility, and growing their militaries.
In 1642, King Charles raised his royal standard in Nottingham, marking the beginning of the English Civil War. The next ten years saw the Cavaliers (supporters of the King) and the Roundheads (supporters of the parliament) engaged in a vicious battle for their respective leaders with the Roundheads ultimately victorious. This essay will attempt to explain why civil war broke out in England while summarizing the story behind the antagonism of the two parties.
An Analysis of the Absolute Monarchy of France in the 17th Century This historical study will define the absolute monarchy as it was defied through the French government in the 17th century. The term ‘absolute” is defined I the monarchy through the absolute control over the people through the king and the royal family. All matters of civic, financial, and political governance was controlled through the king’s sole power as the monarchical ruler of the French people. In France, Louis XIII is an important example of the absolute monarchy, which controlled all facts of military and economic power through a single ruler. Udder Louis XIII’s reign, the consolidation of power away from the Edicts of Nantes to dominant local politics and sovereignty
The Monarchy is Outdated and Expensive Discuss The phrase "the monarchy is outdated and expensive" immediately congers up a republican view. This immediately is wrong, I think this statement can be true without having to believe in abolishing the monarchy. To agree with the statement could be asking for moderate reform, that the monarchy be kept but its budget be cut, or on the other hand, as most people think, it could call for the formation of a republican Britain. I think the monarchy has uses, even though currently there are flaws in the system that critics can easily pick at, I think the monarchy should be kept, yet I do agree that their self proclaimed status and cost to the country are too high. The monarchy as its stands now could be considered out of date.
When one thinks of Britain, perhaps the first thing that comes to mind is the iconic figures of the Royal Family. This hallowed line of descendants makes up the British Monarchy, serving above the people of the Commonwealth under the control of Britain. With such fanfare and dignity come an equally great responsibility. While the structure and ceremonial hype surrounding the British Monarchy has remained nearly unchanged since its creation, the role and powers of Britain's current Monarchy is significantly different.