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Assisted reproduction bioethics
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Challenges, choices, and alternatives keep the dream alive for couples wanting a family and considering embryo reproduction. New medical and science technology in the embryo industry across the nation provide opportunities for childless couples to utilize technology advancements to assist with reproduction but with religion, moral and legal considerations when selecting this extra-ordinary process in today's society. All four sources function with detailed information regarding embryo reproduction and the impact and process effecting many couples with fertility issues. These sources provide valuable information for couples and prospective donors covering various topics critical to decision making during the embryo reproduction process. …show more content…
What Happens To Embryo After IVF by Laura Bell by Parenting.com found at www.cnn.com/2009 states her knowledge and investigative work with health and science. Her article represents families who have experienced the process of embryo reproduction and the mental stress which can consume families. She makes a point to let her readers know decisions during this process are critical such as keeping, donating, or disposing of remaining embryos and to consider the financial cost to keep them in storage. Her examples provide public awareness of the mental effects that add to the choices couples need to make. Readers are aware not only is this a financial responsibility but a decision involving moral reasons which need to be respected. The writer uses a statistic from a study of 1,000 fertility patients and nine clinics which resulted in 20% expected to keep frozen embryos indefinitely. The writer also uses Ann Drapken Lyerly M.D. professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Duke University Medical Center. This credible source provides information regarding four options available for couples; donating to medical research, donating to infertile couples, thawing without donating, and postponing the decision. Each of the explanations provide a medical and science aspect of the leftover embryo process. The writer adds that each each decision has a mental and emotional impact. She doesn't take sides on the issue but states the facts and and difficult decisions couples face which also can benefit the medical field and science technology. Debates among researchers and President Obama restricted federal funding on stem cell research with science, ethics, and religious debates shortly after he took office. The writers information is powerful and factual. With state laws varying over policy she adds a additional source www.stemcells.nih.gov. This information from The National Institute of Health Guidelines is updated laws for readers to view. Lastly, this writer provides information for parents to explore through chat rooms, blogs, and websites. These resources for professionals, parents and prospective donors help find trained professionals in legal, medical, and mental health topics. Laura Bell provides informative and factual information throughout the article. She is open-minded and provides facts, statistics, and sources to confirm her article and provides opportunity for readers to further research. A different procedure explored is three-parent in-vitro fertilization presented in a newspaper article by The Cedar Rapids Gazette, This article titled FDA Weights Evidence on Producing Three Parent Embryos written by Sharon Begley. (Reuters) This article was published March 29, 2014. The editing was done by Michele Gershberg and Andre Grenon. She is a graduate of Yale University. Sharon previously covered science and medicine at Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal. She joined Reuters in 2012 and reports on neuroscience, genetics, cognitive science, and other research. She is also the author of several books which include Train Your Mind, Change your Brain and The Emotional Like of Your Brain (with Richard J. Davidson.) Sharon Begley is a recipient of many awards for her writing. She has received a honorary degree from University of North Carolina for communicating science and literacy to the public and Public Science Award From San Francisco Exploratory. Her readers include medical professionals, parents and donors. She speaks to large audiences on topics of science writing and literacy and neuroplasticity which include Yale University, Society for Neuroscience, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and National Academy of Sciences.
This informative article written by Sharon discusses another type of in-vitro fertilization called "three-parent in-vitro fertilization". The procedure involves one man donating sperm and its DNA and the would be biological mother contribute the egg and most DNA. However, if the mother carries mitochondria, a harmful genetic mutation in cellular structures then she is substituted with healthy mitochondria from another women. The study has become controversial with medical advisors seeking scientific justification which could prevent defects and critics focusing on designer babies and ethics. Outside advisors to the FDA have listened to hearings and a committee is to focus on the science and not the ethical issues. The authors informative thesis gives the reader a clear understanding of the procedure and the issue science vs ethics. She points out the role of the FDA and the procedure involved in this process. Allowing such procedure
"would produce genetically modified human beings," is stated by Marcy Darnovasky, executive director of the Berkeley, California-based center for Genetics and Society. This powerful quotation grabs the attention for readers to think about advance technologies and science vs mankind. The writer further provides information and scientific information on mitochondria. She adds a statistic with 4,000 children per year born with inherited mitochondria mutation adding that mitochondria diseases are incurable. She adds techniques used in clinical trials in England and with monkeys. She states the fact in her conclusion that for a decade FDA had not allowed three parent embryo in humans. The writer doesn't take a point of view on the article but states the facts and scientific method behind this procedure. Her sources and credentials make this an effective and reliable article providing information into a deeper aspect of embryo reproduction with three-parent in-vitro fertilization. Leftover embryo which is a critical issue is reviewed in a blog in the New York Times in the Mother Lode section. The article titled Unused Embryos, to Donate, Destroy or Debate written by KJ Dell' Antonia. The article was published June, 17, 2015 and the most recent article I found in my source search. The Mother Lode, Living The Family Dynamics section is lead by lead writer and editor KJ Dell'Antonio and invites others to explore how our lives and news effect our family. Articles, discussions, and blogs cover topics of education, childcare, mealtime, technology, sports with family contributions to various topics. This writer is from New Hampshire and previously worked for Slate magazine and Kiwi Magazine and attended The University of Chicago Law School. This article states the fact that hundreds of thousands of frozen embryo are preserved in storage facilities. The majority of these embryo are leftover from the reproduction industry even though many many are being preserved upon request from individuals. This write provides the effect of reproduction and leftover embryo and the choices that consume the individuals with ethic, science and religious choices determining embryo use. The writer provides the basic information for readers to be aware of research but provides a opening argument which questions the choices among individuals. She adds three additional sources for readers to search with explanations on others decisions how they use, preserve or donate embryo and personal experiences. Her conclusion confirmed the unclear government regulations in the United States with assisted reproduction. The abandoned embryo can become a subject of litigation and change of usage involving ethics or science but either way the status of embryo is unclear. The fourth source results from a legal case Fertility Preservation Patient Wins Custody Battle Over Frozen Embryo. This source link www.reproductivefacts.org was provided by the CDC which is a reliable source. This article was provided June 18, 2015, by Lisa Rinehart, RN,BSN,JD,Consultant/Attorney,LegalCare Consulting Inc; Chicago, Illinois. This was originally published in ASRM News June 2015. This writer examines the five year battle which began in 2010 Szafranski v. Dunston, 2015ILApp(1st)122975. A legal battle was a important source to analyze since this can provide a detailed description and understanding of the legal problems that can occur making this procedure complicated as mentioned in other source reviews. The writer provides a detailed description of the couples relationship and there break up occurring in a legal matter. After the patient was diagnosed with non- Hodgkin lymphoma she was told she might lose her fertility. She learned she could freeze her eggs with the use of donor sperm and the process was completed. They received legal consultation but no written agreement was signed. The writer explains more biological detail on the process and eventually the two ended the relationship. She points out that the communication deteriorated and eventually the ex boyfriend filed a lawsuit against former girlfriend Karla to enjoin her from using the embryo without his consent. The writer states the debates used in this case and court decisions throughout the lengthy trial. The writer has legal knowledge and states the key points used during this trial. Her audience is targeted to educate the public and make aware of the legal complications and importance of written documentation and legal representation. Embryo reproduction involves medical and science technology, ethics, legal issues and challenging choices for couples considering the procedure. Advancements in technology can provide opportunities for child-less couples to have a family and provide other couples with left over embryo. Donors, couples, and medical professionals have enthusiastic goals but yet ones own beliefs and choices can determine the impact involving each individual and the positive or negative impact from each individual experience.
When families are eating dinner the last thing they think about is how and where their food comes from. Even if they did think about it, they would never in a million years guess that what they are consuming could potentially be related to abortions and human fetuses. Apparently some major food companies have been fooling with the genes of human fetal matter in order to create better tasting food products. This sounds grotesque and surely it cannot be true, well it both is, and isn’t true, all at the same time.
During the process of research, professionals collect data or identifiable private information through intervention or interaction. While this is a vital part of the scientific and medical fields, every precaution must be taken by researchers to protect the participants' rights. Ethics, outlined by the Belmont report; requirements, described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); and regulations, laid out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are verified by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This procedure assures that all human rights are safeguarded during the entire research process.
In 2001 scientist attempted to create a cloned human embryo, they had consulted all the necessary sources before getting the “ok” to begin “creating”. Then they had to find a female subject to donate eggs. To start the process of cloning they need to use a very fine needle and get the genetic information from a mature egg. Then they inject it into the nucleus of a donor cell. The female donors were asked to take psychological and physical tests to screen for diseases and what not.
The addition of a child into a family’s home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents. Instead of waiting to see if the child had the mother’s eyes, the father’s hair or Grandma’s heart problem, the parents and doctors can select the best eggs and the best sperm to create the perfect child. Many see the rise of in vitro fertilization as the second coming of the Eugenics movement of the 19th and early 20th century. A process that is able to bring joy to so many parents is also seen as deciding who is able to reproduce and what child is worthy of birthing.
With the increased rate of integrating In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), there has been a steep inclination within the associated needs of specifications. Observably, the development of babies using scientific measures was initially formulated and specified for developing the diverse range of development associated with the same (Turriziani, 2014). However, these developments are noted to be creating an adverse impact on the natural course of events and subsequently, resulting with an adverse impact on the natural process of the development of babies. The initial integrations within the system of IVF for developing babies have further been initiated with the effective use of science to develop a healthy baby. Hence, the use of such progressions can be argued as not hampering the ethical needs associated with the same. Conversely, the initial progression within the same and the changes in the use of such practices are identified as unethical, as it has been acting as a threat in the natural course of development of embryos and altering the natural course of events, suspected to be imposing significant influence on infant mortality (Turriziani,
The advancement and continued developments of third-party assisted reproductive medical practices has allowed many prospective parents, regardless of their marital status, age, or sexual orientation, to have a new opportunity for genetically or biologically connected children. With these developments come a number of rather complex ethical issues and ongoing discussions regarding assisted reproduction within our society today. These issues include the use of reproductive drugs, gestational services such as surrogacy as well as the rights of those seeking these drugs and services and the responsibilities of the professionals who offer and practice these services.
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
The FDA is vital to our country, albeit makes mistakes. Sometimes the FDA can be too
Ingram, David, and Jennifer A. Parks. "Biomedical Ethics." The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Ethics. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha, 2002. N. pag. Print.
Dozens of couples in the United Kingdom are opting to have this done so they can give birth to free from disease
Rothman, D.J. (1987). Ethics and human experimentation. New England Journal of Medicine, 317: 1195- 9.
As a young adult, it may seem foolish to predict what your future family life will look like, especially in regards to children. Often times this reality is forced upon a select few, particularly homosexual couples; however, with the innovation of in vitro fertilization (IVF), a couple is met with promise and the hope of a successful family life. IVF can be described as a process by which a fetus is genetically formed in a laboratory setting. Though this process may seem unnatural in essence, it allows for a more diverse family arrangement through medical innovation. This procedure, though controversial, is seen by many as an advancement in the medical field and can be accredited to procuring a healthy child for an unfortunate family, whether
Why are ethics important to scientists? The answer stems from the belief that experts in particular fields have inherent responsibilities simply for being experts (Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, 2009). Scientists are obli...
Surrogate Motherhood is when one women carries to term the fertilized egg of another woman. This procedure is chosen by married couples who can not conceive a child in the “natural way”. In some occasions the mother may be able to produce an egg, but has no womb or some other physical problem which prevents her from carrying a child. Whether or not the husband can produce a large amount of sperm is not a problem. Once the egg and sperm are combined in a petri dish fertilization is very likely to occur.
Artificial Insemination is one of the newer forms of human reproductive technology that helps infertile couples to conceive a baby. The Artificial Insemination Technique creates a broad avenue to pregnancy for couples diagnosed with male or female infertility that have been trying to conceive a baby in a natural way. Nowadays, due to this new procedure, doctors can treat infertility problems. These advances have raised many controversies, bioethical, moral, and religious issues. However, Artificial Insemination had become a miracle for those couples, and brought a lot of benefits because: first, it offers the chance to start a family and second, sperm banks are options for infertile