The Physical Characteristics of a River
Introduction:
River Features are elements of the landscape produced by fluvial
processes-that is, the action of running water as it flows through the
channels forming the drainage network of a river basin, eroding,
transporting, and depositing sediment. (Source from Microsoft Encarta
Encyclopedia 2001)
A useful way to study a river is to look at its long profile and its
cross sectional profile. The long profile of a river is a section
drawn along the length of a river from its source to its mouth.
Usually, a long profile has three parts:
â— Upper course or mountain tract
â— Middle course or valley tract
â— Lower course or plain tract
However, in Hong Kong most of the rivers are short and their gradients
change abruptly. These rivers have two courses only, the upper and
lower courses. Not all rivers have three well-defined stages. Some
reach base level direct from stage 1 (Base level is the lowest level
down to where a river can erode). Others arise amid lowlands. The
diagram below shows typical changes in the river channel:
[IMAGE]
The table on the next page lists out the features produced by river
processes in each course.
The Long Profile of a River
Upper Course
Middle Course
Lower Course
* V shaped valley
* Steep gradient
* Vertical erosion
* Flows between interlocking spurs
* Flood water rises high in valley
* In flood, river moves boulders
* Small discharge
* Small boulders help to wear bed and banks
* Load more angular and larger
* Pebbels wear potholes in bed
* Uneven ...
... middle of paper ...
... which to adjust to the average flow of the river.
Whereas a shorter distance will only give the orange peel a small
amount of velocity. There is more chance of the reading of velocity to
be affected if it is taken in shorter distance as a tributary could
effect the amount of water flowing at that particular place whereas
the flow of the river is averaged out more over a longer distance.
Bibliography:
Chinese International School Geography Department Website:
http://www.cis.edu.hk/sec/ss/Geography/IGCSE/INDEX.html
World Wild Fund for Nature Hong Kong:
http://www.wwf.org.hk/eng/conservation/hab_protect/green_dragon/hoi_ha_wan.html
Text Book - New Geography 4A
Text Book - The New Wider World by David Waugh
Microsoft Encyclopedia Standard 2001 - WE
IGCSE River Investigation Field Guide 2001
Exploring the Channel Characteristics of the River Chess The aim of this investigation is to explore the channel
To measure the depth of the river we had to get two ranging poles and
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Imagine being on the borderline of not being able to sustain your children for lack of money or making the money you need through an illicit way. Frozen River, a film directed by the Grand Jury Prize winner, Courtney Hunt, and released in 2008, takes place during a cold East Coast winter. The film focuses in the stories of two single mothers, who go far and beyond in the search of financial stability, to be able to make ends meet, and offer better living conditions to their sons. Single mothers, Ray and Lila, everyday lack money to support their family, leading them to work as smugglers of aliens, disregarding the consequences this work can bring. Hunt shows through the cinematography, the script, and the scenery that Ray and Lila—as single
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“Don’t waste that water! Kids in Africa don’t even have water to drink!” Almost every American has heard this saying before. We have heard this because there are water shortages in third world countries like Africa, as seen in the movie “Blue Gold”. But why have we developed this notion that there are only water shortages in third world countries? When in reality, there is a shortage of water right here in our home country. The Colorado River’s water is high in demand as it serves millions of people, powers industries, and is home to all different kinds of wildlife. The Colorado River will not be able to keep up with the increasing demand of water and soon enough the river will go dry. Organizations like the Colorado River Water Users Association are trying to change the way that the water is used and adjust how it is managed. The Colorado River is drying up and the western states are running out of water, however, public policy is trying to regulate and preserve the Colorado River to make it more sustainable in the future.
"Step 1. Characterizations of the Watershed." Forest Service: 17 pars. Viewed 7 Nov. 2002. <http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/psicc/spl/south_platte_web/step_1.htm>.
The novel River God by Wilbur Smith is set in Ancient Egypt, during a time when the kingdoms were beginning to collapse and the Upper and Lower Egypt were separated between two rulers. The story is in the view-point of Taita, a highly multi-talented eunuch slave. At the beginning of the story, Taita belongs to Lord Intef and helps manage his estate along with caring for his beautiful daughter, Lostris. She is in love with Tanus, a fine solider and also Taita’s friend. Unfortunately, Lord Intef despises Tanus’s father, Lord Harrab, and Intef was actually the one who the cause of the fall of Harrab’s estate, unknowingly to Lostris and Tanus. Taita’s goal is to bring back Egypt to its former glory, but with so many bandits and invaders it would be a difficult task.
It’s a beautiful morning, as my group of friends and I wake up, we hear the pounding and the thrashing of the water slamming on the moss covered granite rock, I go down the eroded leaf covered pathway to fetch water just like I would do every morning, the sun had just begun to rise, the mixture of scarlet red, orange, and a bleach-like yellow beaming against the hurried water of the river that led into the waterfall shone like flakes of gold floating on top of the whitening water. The serene environment of the surrounding rocks overlooking the waterfall, the ambience of water clashing against the granite, and the aroma of the white pine filling the forest is an awe inspiring experience to all who dare make their way down the narrow and lengthy