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The impact of the industrial revolution in Europe
The impact of the industrial revolution in Europe
Impacts of the industrial revolution in Europe
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The People’s Empire
In an era riddled with unrest, massive expansion, technological advances and widespread migration of people, the German Empire remains the quintessence of it. An empire of unparalleled impact, even today we are discovering more and more information about this empire. The German Empire was officially created in 1871 after the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War. The unification of the German people created an environment that allowed for the rapid development and rise on the global stage of the German Empire. The people under the rule of the German empire ultimately had their livelihoods increased because of it.
One way to measure the success of a nation is by its migration trends. During a time when much of Europe was emigrating to the United States, the German Empire actually had a decline in the number of people emigrating, and had the lowest emigration of any European country aside from France, which had a lower emigration rate but was experience a rise in emigration during the late 1800s (Wilcox, Ferenczi). There are a few reasons to explain the decline in people leave Germany for greener pastures in America. The rapid industrialization of the German Empire, the welfare programs established and the massive technological innovations in Germany all created reasons for people to stay.
The first and most likely the greatest reason people stayed and thrived in the German Empire was because of its rapid industrialization. Trailing the rest of the world in industry and technology it was not until the mid-1800s that Germany finally started to industrialize, but it was not until the creation German Empire that there was full-fledged industrialization (SJSU). Part of the reason that allowed Germany to in...
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...lfare State in England and Germany, 1850-1914: Social Policies Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print.
Langer, William L. "The Franco-Russian Alliance (1890-1894)." The Slavonic Review 3.9 (1925): 554-75. JSTOR. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. .
Lutz, Ralph Haswell. The German Revolution, 1918-1919. New York: AMS, 1968. Print.
Mitchell, Allan. The Great Train Race: Railways and the Franco-German Rivalry, 1815-1914. New York: Berghahn, 2000. Print.
Pounds, Norman John Greville. The Ruhr; a Study in Historical and Economic Geography. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1952. Print.
Taylor, A. J. P. Bismarck, the Man and the Statesman. New York: Knopf, 1955. Print.
Willcox, Walter Francis, and Imre Ferenczi. International Migrations. New York: Nat. Bureau of Economic Research, 1929. Print.
A bond between two nations is like a serious relationship between two people who are soul mates there is nothing that can be done to break up their passion or alliance. This is the best way to describe the selected cartoon from Punch Magazine that will be analyzed in this essay, “Trust Me!” August 13th, 1870. This essay will discuss England’s support of Belgium independence and neutrality from a political and diplomatic viewpoint from the mid to late Nineteenth Century. Accordingly this essay will predominantly focus on the build up to the Franco-Prussian War, English diplomatic actions during the Franco-Prussian War in defense of Belgian independence and neutrality. Also, to understand England and Belgium’s relationship, the Treaty of London signed in 1839 will be analyzed and discussed. Thus, this essay will cover or touch on events from 1830 to approximately 1872 and explain why England had to get involved between the belligerents of the time.
Between 1880 and 1920 almost twenty-four million immigrants came to the United States. Between better salaries, religious freedom, and a chance to get ahead in life, were more than enough reasons for leaving their homelands for America. Because of poverty, no future and various discrimination in their homelands, the incentive to leave was increasing. During the mid-1800's and early 1900's, the labor and farm hands in Eastern Europe were only earning about 15 to 30 a day. In America, they earned 50 cents to one dollat in a day, doubling their paycheck. Those lower wage earners in their homeland were st...
...dward Taylor. “Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium”. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.print
Fairchild H. P., 1930, ‘Immigration and the population problem’ , Annals of the American academy of Political and Social Science, New York University
Richard Bessel’s article stresses the political structure of Weimar Germany as the cause of its failure. Its structure was flawed in numerous ways, all of which contributed to its inevitable failure. First of all, the problems within Germany due to the First World War were massive. This caused economic, political and social problems which first had to be dealt with by the new Weimar government. The loss of the war had left Germany with huge reparations to pay, and massive destruction to repair. In order to gain the capital needed to finance efforts to rebuild, and repay the Allies, the economy had to be brought back to its prewar levels. This was not an easy task.
The Web. The Web. 20 March 2014. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwii/ahf/mineta/background.htm “Immigration Since the 1870s.” University At Albany.
From the 1790s to 1814 French troops successively conquered and occupied the area that later constituted the German Empire. French domination helped to modernize and consolidate Germany and -- toward the end -- sparked the first upsurge of German nationalism. In different ways the French emperor Napoleon I helped German unification. It was important that he encouraged many of the middle-sized German states to absorb huge numbers of small independent territories, mostly bishoprics, church lands, and local principalities.
Wilcox, Walter F. 1929. “Migrations According to International Statistics: Continental Migrations.” National Bureau of Economic Research I:219-227.
For starters, the Weimar Republic’s Rise and fall was bound to happen. “As World War I (WWI) drew to a close, Germany tottered on the brink of chaos. Under the threat of a socialist revolution, the Kaiser abdicated. Moderate leaders signed the armistice and later, under protest, the Versailles treaty” (Ester, 2010). In 1919, German leaders created the democratic government known as the Weimar Republic, this created by the constitution drafted in the city of Weimar. There were political struggles. Politically, the republic was weak because Germany had many small parties. “They longed for another strong leader like Bismarck” (Ester, 2010). “With help from Western power, the government did bring inflation under control. In 1924, the United States gained British and French approval for a plan to reduce German reparations payments” (Ester, 2010).
After years of trying to unify as one nation and countless failures, the German people now believed that they themselves were among the superior races of the world and it was Germany’s destiny to become the greatest nation the world had ever seen. Under Bismarck’s rule, the economy boomed. The German Industrial Complex, powered by its heavy war production, made many men and the nation very wealthy. This wealth and prosperity led to an intoxicating feeling among its people, a feeling that they were the next great world power.
One factor with somewhat minimal impact in the unification of Germany, however one still worthy of mentioning, was cultural cohesion and social change. During the nineteenth century the Romantic movement developed throughout Europe and in Germany it took the form of celebrating the German heritage and promoting cultural pride. Romantics such as Friedrich Ludwig Jahn glorified the rich history of the German peoples. Through literature and art romantics expressed the idea of Germany as “an organic folk community wrapped in a cloak of tradition” They strived to create a homogenous identity for all Germans. Another force with widespread social impac...
Walker, Bruce. "Bismarck 's Blood and Iron Speech 150 Years Later. “Bismarck’s Blood and Iron Speech 150 Years Later. New American Magazine, 30 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.
A.J.P Taylor, The Struggle For Mastery In Europe 1848-1918, (Great Britain: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1957), XIX.
Three wars determined the fate of Germany, the first one early in 1864 with Denmark, then in 1866 Austria, the final one, France. The last one, Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 directly led to the founding of Germany after French defeat. The Prussian victory was due much to the isolation of France. A.J.P Taylor commented that "France was isolated in 1870 as Austria had been in 1866", and actually, these two isolations was the art of Bismarck's foreign policies. There is no doubt that the favourable international circumstances benefited Bismarck's foreign policies, but like what Taylor had commented that it is "inadequate to explain Bismarck's success solely by the mistakes of his opponents", acknowledging his contribution to the isolation of France in the
Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. "1989." Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1874-1880. World History in Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.