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Genesis of labor unions and industrial action
Rise and fall of labor unions
Labor unions 1750-1900
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ABSTRACT:
Labor Unions have become an important factor in our industries. For many years, labor unions have served as the main voice of the workers to their employers. The continuous effort of labor unions in helping the laborers ensure their rights in their jobs, acquire all the benefits they need and to eliminate the injustice experienced by workers in their workplace is still an ongoing process. In order to understand labor unions in general, knowing the roots of it is the best way to start. In this paper, the progress of the labor unions throughout history, the issues faced the developments it achieved, laws passed and the problem faced by today’s unions will be tackled.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction………………………………………………………….…1
II. Historical Development of Labor Union in the United States
a. The first unions………………………………………...…….…2
b. After the Civil War…………………………….……………….3
-The NLU
c. The Knights of Labor…………………………………………….3
d. 1880’s -1900’s
-The AFL...............................................................................3
-The IWW...............................................................................4
- The Department of Labor and Laws formed.............................4
· Norris-La Guardia Act…...……………………....……4
·National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933......................5
· National Labor Relations Act of 1955...........................5
·Taft-Harley Act...............................................................6
·Landrum-Griffin Act.......................................................7
-The CIO..............................................................................5
e. AFL-CIO Reunification.................................................................5
f. The Decline in Union Membership.................................................8
III. Conclusion................................................................10
Workers are the most important aspect in the business world because no business can function without their employees. In return, employers should fulfill their workers needs and in order to negotiate the workers demands, they need a certain sort of representation who can negotiate with the employers and their fellow workers. The representation that every worker asked for was fleshed out by the creation of labor unions. Labor unions b...
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...cline of Union Power.” About.com
11. “The Labor Movement inAmerica.”
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Eco_Unionization.htm
12. “Decline of Labor Unions Linked to Rise of Globalization”. VOANews.com
13. Sleigh, Stephen. “What Do Unions Do?”
WORKS CITED:
“Labor Movement.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 5th ed. 2005. 4-13.
“Labor Unions in the United States.” MSN Encarta. 1993-2005. 25 Oct. 2007.
< encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553112/Labor_Union.html>
Pride, William, Robert Hughes, Jack Kapoor. Business. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007.
Sleigh, Stephen R. "What Do Unions Do?--A Unionist's Perspective." Journal of Labor Research 26.4 (Fall 2005): 623-640. Business Source Premier. EBSCO. La Guardia Comm. College, Long Island City, NY. 21 October 2007. .
“The Decline of Union Power.” About.com: Economics. 2 Nov. 2007
< http://economics.about.com/od/laborinamerica/a/union_decline.htm>
“The Labor Union Movement in America.” The Social Studies Help Center. 2 Nov. 2007. < http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Eco_Unionization.htm>
The Great Depression wreaked havoc on the economy, and in light of this President Hoover and President Franklin D Roosevelt Both initiated programs and policies to counter act the effects, however both had very different approaches with varying degree of efficacy. Through their actions, the American people would generally perceive both men quite differently, and cultivated fear in direct respect to both men's approach--both men would earn their critics as the long term effects played out. Hoover and FDR had fairly opposite approaches to solving this horrid depression.
The Industrial Revolution that took place after the Civil War made for a more economically sound country. American workers, however, were becoming more and more dependent upon their wages; a fear of unemployment also stemmed from this. Workers didn’t share in the benefits that their employers reaped. In a chart representing the hours and wages of industrial workers, from 1875 to 1891, it shows that even though their wages were subtly increasing, their 10-hour work day remained the same (Doc. A). Factories were headed by large corporations; this, in turn, meant that new machines lessened the amount of workers in certain fields. As a result of these unsuitable conditions, labor unions were formed. The challenges that these unions faced weren’t easy. If the workers involved in organized labor got too far out of line, these corporations could get federal authorities involved. Moreover, these companies could enforce “ironclad oaths” upon their employees. In a Western Union Telegraph Company employee contract, in 1883, it states that the employee will not be affiliated with any societies or organizations (Doc. E). Despite such setbacks, by 1872 there were over 32 national unions.
In fact, Hoover is ranked 9th place in the worst presidents list, according to U.S. News. Perhaps of his shy and introverted personality, he decided not fix the Great Depression because he did not want to make the situation worse. Although, doing something is better than doing nothing. Also, he sent the Army to clear America’s WWI veterans from their campsite in Washington D.C. The infantry and cavalry paired with six tanks were ordered to clear out the veterans and their families, Hoover killed his own people. On the other hand, fortunately, Franklin Delano Roosevelt came into office on January 30th, 1882. Instead of doing nothing, FDR fought the Depression with his New Deal; which was a group of U.S.government programs whose purpose was to help the country recover from economic problems. The New Deal was a success and brought relief to many Americans. With this in mind, President Herbert Hoover’s presidency was a
Wallerstein, M. & Western, B. 2000. Unions in Decline? What Has Changed and Why? Annual Review of Political Science. 3: 355-377.
Unions have an extensive history of standing up for workers. They have advocated rights of steelworkers, coal miners, clothing factory employees, teachers, health care workers, and many others. The labor movement is based on the idea that organized workers as a group have more power than individuals would have on their own. The key purpose of any union is to negotiate contracts, making sure workers are respected and fairly compensated for their work. “In theory” unions are democratic organizations, resulting in varying inner authority. Workers look for security within a job a...
During the Great Depression the task of being president of the United States became even greater, because of the suffering economy. Herbert Hoover was one of the president’s who was faced with this challenge. In fact, he was President during the time of the stock market crash. During his time as president there were many controversies that surrounded him. Many people felt that he wjhnot reaching his full potential as president through some of the things he helped organize in order to help the struggling economy. In actuality, he was doing more than others before him for the economy, but unfortunately it was not enough and what little help he did provide came too late. Part of the reason he acted too late was, because of his opinions and thoughts on the Depression and how the government should go about remedying it. President Hoover’s thoughts and views greatly affected the economy and the ways it was dealt with during his presidency.
Beginning in the late 1700’s and growing rapidly even today, labor unions form the backbone for the American workforce and continue to fight for the common interests of workers around the country. As we look at the history of these unions, we see powerful individuals such as Terrence Powderly, Samuel Gompers, and Eugene Debs rise up as leaders in a newfound movement that protected the rights of the common worker and ensured better wages, more reasonable hours, and safer working conditions for those people (History). The rise of these labor unions also warranted new legislation that would protect against child labor in factories and give health benefits to workers who were either retired or injured, but everyone was not on board with the idea of foundations working to protect the interests of the common worker. Conflict with their industries lead to many strikes across the country in the coal, steel, and railroad industries, and several of these would ultimately end up leading to bloodshed. However, the existence of labor unions in the United States and their influence on their respective industries still resonates today, and many of our modern ideals that we have today carry over from what these labor unions fought for during through the Industrial Revolution.
The paper will discuss minicases on ‘The White-Collar Union Organizer’ and ‘The Frustrated Labor Historians’ by Arthur A. Sloane and Fred Witney (2010), to understand the issues unions undergo in the marketplace. There is no predetermined statistical number reported of union memberships in this country. However, “the United Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) excludes almost 2 million U.S wages and salary employees, over half of whom are employed in the public sector, who are represented at their workplaces by a union but are not union members. Not being required to join a union as a condition of continued employment, these employees have for a variety of reasons chosen not to do so. Nor do the BLS estimates include union members who are currently unemployed” (Sloane & Witney, 2010, p.5). Given this important information, the examination of these minicases will provide answers to the problems unions face in organizational settings.
With Herbert Hoover in office at the time of the crash of 1929, he believed it was not the government’s responsibility to get involved in helping the millions of Americans affected by this national crisis. However with elections coming up, Americans believed in a time for change. Franklin D. Roosevelt saw a chance to help save the American people and bring this nation of suffering back to a once thriving, prospering nation. With his election in 1932, he brought with him his plan, and this plan was the New Deal. He implemented twenty-five programs to aid Americans get back on their feet. Banks were closing, millions were out of jobs, and housing markets were closing. I saw three programs he developed helping millions of Americans with jobs. Through the lack of jobs created the lack of revenue which in turn was needed for the banks to survive to furnish loans for houses. The people needed a fresh start, and FDR, along with his cabinet members, facilitated a new beginning.
He brought hope to the people when he promised prompt, and vigorous action, he asserted in his Inaugural Address that, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself" (The White House). The main drive of Roosevelt's administration was toward a balance of the economic interests for the American people. He believed that he should represent all the people equally. That being the farme...
After the Civil War, many ideologies developed into the United States of America. Some of these ideologies included the free labor ideology and the producerist ideology. Free labor endorsed the belief that by removing slavery, or any other kind of barrier, everyone had an equal chance to try to get wealth (Farless). The producerist ideology tried to stay to the customary view of society and it stressed the importance of viewing the community instead of an individual (Farless). With these two ideologies, they had an impact on labor. By believing in the producerist ideology, people would be staying with tradition, and that leaves no change for our world. Many laborers wanted change, which led to problems for the laborers.
Unemployment rates were at an all time high. 23.6% of people in America were unemployed during the Great Depression. President Roosevelt was elected president in 1932. Roosevelt made the American citizens feel secure about themselves when he said “The only thing we have to fear is itself” (Roosevelt “First Inaugural”). He explained what his plans were for his presidency. “Our greatest primary task is to put people to work” (Roosevelt “First Inaugural”). Roosevelt believed in the American spirit. He knew that America was s...
A rise in crime, unemployed individuals had to look toward petty theft to put food on the table, suicide rates increased, malnutrition, prostitution, no adequate Health care, Alcoholism increased with Americans in search of ways to escape the crisis, prohibition and much more unfortunate situation unfolded during the time of The Great Depression. This troubling time lasted from 1929-1939. The Great Depression was a time of worldwide economic depression, the most disastrous of all economic crisis in the history of the United States. The Nation was falling apart, and something needed to be done about the crisis facing the country. The American people needed a change in the situation. After winning the election and defeating Hoover, President
As stated before, one would become familiar with plagiarism in middle school, when a teacher assigns a student to write a paper. Mostly at that time it would be said, do not copy, or paste someone else words into your papers, use your own words. Or use citations in the paper. A student is told what the consequence of doing it, which is a failing grade. As a person gets further in their educational level, the use of plagiarism is more detailed and have different consequences of
Flanagan, R. J. (2005). Has Management Strangled U.S. Unions? Journal of Labor Research, 26(1), 33-63.