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Racial disparities and mass incarceration
Racial disparities and mass incarceration
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A lot of thoughts and observations come to mind while watching The New Asylums. This is a documentary about life in prison for people who have mental diseases, so some of the thoughts and observations are actually quite sad. Many of the prisoners shown in the documentary look sad and defeated, and they have a right to, because having a mental disease even in the real world is very hard. In prison, they are allowed to refuse their medication, although at least there are people who will try to help them. Still, it looks miserable, even more miserable than prison looks for people who aren't suffering from a disease like schizophrenia. Mental illness is often used as the punch line of a joke, but like most other punch lines, it isn't that funny because it offends and demeans a whole subgroup of people. Subgroups are actually what stick out the most and make up the previously mentioned thoughts and observations. While watching all of this sadness on the screen, it's hard not to notice that there are some trends. The documentary was filmed in an all-male prison, so trends in gender aren't shown by the movie, but even the casual observer will notice that most of the inmates who are interviewed or showcased are people of color. This could indicate one of two things: there is a higher number of people of color who are affected by mental disorders or there is a higher number of people of color who are persecuted and tried by the law, ending up in prisons such as the one in the movie. Studying criminology is important because those questions matter, not just to the ruling group of the legal system, but to the individuals affected by disease and persecution, to their families, and to their communities. Investigating an obvious trend helps ans... ... middle of paper ... ...ria, and Sellin, these groups are more interconnected than we know. Works Cited "African American Communities and Mental Health." Mental Health America. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. . Beccaria, Cesare. On crimes and punishments. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1767. Print. Sellin, Thorsten. "Race Prejudice in the Administration of Justice." American Journal of Sociology 41.2 (1935): 212. Print. The new asylums. Dir. Miri Navasky. Perf. Sigmon Clark, Fred Cohen. WGBH Educational Foundation: 2005. Film.
Lee, Alfred McClung. Race riots aren’t necessary/by Alfred McClung Lee in cooperation with the American Council on Race Relations. New York: Public Affairs Committee, 1945.
Goffman, Erving. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Aldine Transaction, 1968.
The stigma and negative associations that go with mental illness have been around as long as mental illness itself has been recognized. As society has advanced, little changes have been made to the deep-rooted ideas that go along with psychological disorders. It is clearly seen throughout history that people with mental illness are discriminated against, cast out of society, and deemed “damaged”. They are unable to escape the stigma that goes along with their illness, and are often left to defend themselves in a world that is not accepting of differences in people. Society needs to realize what it is doing, and how it is affecting these people who are affected with mental illness. If we continue to not help them, and to foster their illness, it will only get worse.
For many decades the mentally ill or insane have been hated, shunned, and discriminated against by the world. They have been thrown into cruel facilities, said to help cure their mental illnesses, where they were tortured, treated unfairly, and given belittling names such as retards, insane, demons, and psychos. However, reformers such as Dorothea Dix thought differently of these people and sought to help them instead. She saw the inhumanity in these facilities known as insane asylums or mental institutions, and showed the world the evil that wandered inside these asylums. Although movements have been made to improve conditions in insane asylums, and were said to help and treat the mentally ill, these brutally abusive places were full of disease and disorder, and were more like concentration camps similar to those in Europe during WWII than hospitals.
As the stigma against the mentally ill grew, societies across the world began to remove them from the community. Insane asylums became the primary source of treatment for those with severe mental illnesses. While the intention was to alleviate the burden on society, these institutions were ramped with cruelty and mistreatment of those with mental illness. The cruelty endured by the mentally ill spanned well over a century and most of western society. Asylums locked up individual in overcrowded unsanitary condition. These individuals were often used as test subject without consent for some of the cruelest treatments of mental illness.
Once upon a time, long ago in the mists of time, sprawling brick structures housed countless individuals with mental disturbances. These massive structures were known to the world as mental asylums for the insane. In reality, the majorities of these individuals were not insane, but in contrast were suffering from mild mental problems such as depression or anxiety. These people were looked down upon in society and were labeled as "freaks" or "batty" because of their mental disorder. In the early twentieth century, mental issues were considered taboo. If a family had a sibling or relative who was suffering from a mental disorder, they were swept under a rug; to be taken care of at another time. These days, these immense structures are an object of the past, a bygone era. Many asylums still stand tall as monuments to the world of health care, while many do not stand at all.
What comes to mind when you hear the words “insane asylum”? Do such terms as lunatic, crazy, scary, or even haunted come to mind? More than likely these are the terminology that most of us would use to describe our perception of insane asylums. However, those in history that had a heart’s desire to treat the mentally ill compassionately and humanely had a different viewpoint. Insane asylums were known for their horrendous treatment of the mentally ill, but the ultimate purpose in the reformation of insane asylums in the nineteenth century was to improve the treatment for the mentally ill by providing a humane and caring environment for them to reside.
Stevenson, Bryan A. Illegal Racial Discrimination in Jury Selection. Rep. Montgomery, Alabama: Equal Justice Initiative, 2010. Print.
In the article, “Counseling African American adolescents: The Impact of Race, Culture, and Middle Class Status”, the author’s share the following statement, “Recognition of the complex issues related to race, culture, and class will better position counselors to deliver more effective counseling services.” (Day-Vines, Patton, & Baytops, 2003, p.41). Through this article review I will look at some of the key psychosocial issues for African Americans as well as what central therapeutic approaches are appropriate.
African American (A.A) students in Alameda County are at risk of experiencing the negative health outcome from stress and anxiety. One third of A.A. live in high poverty neighborhoods in California (California Department of Community Services and Development, 2016). “Poverty cycles” create poor education and poor neighborhoods that lead to legal and justice inequalities, which led to stress, chronic health issues, and homelessness (California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, 2013).
These individuals were stripped of their identity, forced into identical uniforms, were called by their familiar name only, were restricted from their preferences, and their habits and activities were organized by the asylum (Mar. 9). Patients were unintentionally mortified when taken in by the asylums. The process of mortification would significantly affect the individual negatively when they left the institution. These individuals would not know who they are, what they like, or how to interact with family, friends, and
(R.M. Bains, 2014) The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of African American adolescents in dealing with mental health conditions and what led to or hindered their access to mental health services. (R.M. Bains, 2014) A metasynthesis of six qualitative studies was conducted using the meta-ethnographic approach by Noblit and Hare. They found four reciprocal themes illuminating the experiences of African American adolescents with mental health issues were revealed: uncertainty and soul searching, strength of the inner circle, shame and reluctance, belief in the system. The number of African American adolescents with mental health disorders and the lack of adequate utilization of mental health services are of great concern. The criteria for participation in the study included that the majority of the sample (over 75%) was African American adolescents, the studies were not focused on the experiences of a specific mental illness (R.M. Bains, 2014). Most adolescents were sensitive to the negative implications they perceived in the study and did not want anyone to know they were seeking mental health services.
Ogawa, Brian K. Color of Justice: Culturally Sensitive Treatment of Minority Crime Victims. Allen and Bacon: Needham Heights, MA, 1999.
The kirkbride plan for insane asylums. Dr. thomas Story kirkbride theory centered on what he referred to as the “moral treatment” of the insane, a constructive idea unique to the United States, for a mental asylum from the mid to late 19th century. He moved patients from overcrowded jails and almshouses, where patients were often chained to walls in cold dark cells.the design had long rambling wing tha provided therapeutic sunlight and air for comfortable living quarters so that the building themselves provided a curative effect. These facilities were designed to be entirely self-sufficient, providing the patients with a variety of outlets for simulating mental and physical activities. Henry Cotton doctor at Trenton State Hospital. Dr.Henry
The mental health and societal issues that encompass the African American community have inspired me to pursue a Master’s degree in community psychology. When I was 11 years old, I became a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). My encounters with this association opened my eyes to matters with which I am still enthralled by today. These matters include the social, educational, and political events that African-Americans face on a daily basis. During my youth, I would contemplate why there were constant instances of crime, violence, and disparity in Black communities. As I got older, I began to notice how these issues were affecting communities physically, mentally and emotionally. I became concerned