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Police authority and power
An essay on Authority
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The Meaning of Authority
Authority:
This can be defined as the power or right to give orders or make
decisions an example of this being used is "he has the authority to
issue warrants".
Authority is what maintains discipline; it enforces rules and
regulations (helps to maintain it). Authority can come from one person
or a group of people. Authority can have different meanings depending
on the context in which it’s used in, it can mean:
Y When somebody’s opinions is accepted because they have better
knowledge on the subject area
Y The right to enforce obedience on others
Y Or when a person in authority passes power onto another person, then
people follow the commands given.
How I would personally define authority:
I would personally define authority as the quality that allows you to
hand out orders and have people followed them due to the respect they
have towards you.
Authority in the public services:
It is vital that authority within the public services in maintained.
Police Complaints authority:
There is a commission in charge of complaints made about any of the 43
Police forces in England and Wales. This is knows as the Police
Complaints Authority (PCA), this is an independent commission, it was
setup by the government back in 1985,
The PCA doesn’t only investigate complaints about the police force it
also investigates complaints about any of the following:
Y National Crime Squad
Y National Criminal Intelligence Service
Y British Transport
Y Ministry of Defence
Y Port of Liverpool
Y Port of Tilbury
Y Royal Parks Police
The PCA set standards for the way...
... middle of paper ...
...the
events that occurred in Nazi Germany if more people had questioned
what they where doing many lives could have been saved.
So basically obedience can be a very good positive aspect of everyday
life, especially within the public services.
Nevertheless there can also be tragic consequences of obedience if it
used in the wrong way. People obey and carry out actions that they
may think are wrong because People in authority who issue the orders
take away the responsibility from those who obey.
For example, the person who obeyed would probably say 'I was only
carrying out orders' or because the people in authority often possess
visible badges or signs of their superiority. These consist of special
uniforms and titles. Having such obvious reminders of who's in charge,
most people find it difficult not to obey.
Obedience is when you do something you have been asked or ordered to do by someone in authority. As little kids we are taught to follow the rules of authority, weather it is a positive or negative effect. Stanley Milgram, the author of “The perils of Obedience” writes his experiment about how people follow the direction of an authority figure, and how it could be a threat. On the other hand Diana Baumrind article “Review of Stanley Milgram’s experiments on obedience,” is about how Milgram’s experiment was inhumane and how it is not valid. While both authors address how people obey an authority figure, Milgram focuses more on how his experiment was successful while Baumrind seems more concerned more with how Milgram’s experiment was flawed and
Obedience may be a simple word, yet it has a powerful impact on the daily lives of millions. Obedience is simply when one follows the orders or directions of another figure, presumably in an authoritative position. This is something nearly everyone bows to everyday without even realizing it - and it can drastically change our lives as we know it. Obedience is, for example, how the holocaust happened. The Germans were ordinary people turned into murderers because they followed the orders of one man - their dictator, Adolf Hitler. Of course, obedience does not always result in horrid results such as the holocaust or result in such a large catastrophe. Obedience can have drastic effects on the lives of only a few men as well; this is showcased in the movie A Few Good Men.
Obedience and disobedience play a huge role in our lives as humans. We begin with disobedience. With that, though, we develop the ability to choose to obey or disobey. In doing this, we obey the highest calling that we must: human nature. No matter how we modernize as a society, the primal instincts and decisions that rise up in every human being are very much the same as they have always been.
Obedience is a widely debated topic today with many different standpoints from various brilliant psychologists. Studying obedience is still important today to attempt to understand why atrocities like the Holocaust or the My Lai Massacre happened so society can learn from them and not repeat history. There are many factors that contribute to obedience including situation and authority. The film A Few Good Men, through a military court case, shows how anyone can fall under the influence of authority and become completely obedient to conform to the roles that they have been assigned. A Few Good Men demonstrates how authority figures can control others and influence them into persuading them to perform a task considered immoral or unethical.
To hold authority is to possess power, and when one has power over a person or people he or she is generally feared. In t...
The concept of authority is tied to an original source or a genesis that stands at the foundation upon which other structures are based on. This idea was offered a further credence by Hannah Arendt and her discussion on authority in the context of Roman experience. In her essay on ‘What is Authority’ Arendt argued that the word autoritas was coined from, a Latin verb augere or augment, and those in authority augment the democratic foundations of a state such as the ancient Roman polis. She argued that those who are in authority obtain their power by descent and by downward transmission from those who founded it. Coining from the political philosophies of Plato, Arendt argued that while the leaders amplified the foundations of authority, they are not the original creators. Rather, authority is based beyond the creation and control of rulers, kings, and philosophers, being analogous to natural laws or God’s commands. The mystical authority made it legit the exercise of power and the enforcement of obedience. Arendt sets an authority against both violence and non-violence by staging an opposition to authority as persuasion as well as coercion. Authority, neither entails the use of external force, so that,
As I have written about over the last few months: A Raisin in the Sun is a play of many themes. Besides the central idea of the blacks trying to get out of the ghetto, it has many side plots. One of the most predominant of these side-plots is the role and effects of power and authority. In general, most people strive for power and control, whether they can handle it or not. Humans don’t like to be subservient to one another.
C. Wright Mills in his article “ The Structure of Power in American Society” writes that when considering the types of power that exist in modern society there are three main types which are authority, manipulation and coercion. Coercion can be seen as the “last resort” of enforcing power. On the other hand, authority is power that is derived from voluntary action and manipulation is power that is derived unbeknownst to the people who are under that power.
This paper will study the different facets of leadership and power in small group interactions. The variety and number of studies that have focused on leadership and power attest to the importance and ambiguousness that surround any attempts to define their origins or implications. First, the definitions of leadership and power from a social psychological viewpoint will be presented. Then a discussion will follow examining the effect of different variables on the leadership effectiveness and then a look at the convergence of power and leadership and their interrelationship.
Liberty and power were seen as adversarial terms when it came to republican government in the 1800’s. The American people of this period did not have a strict definition for liberty, but instead a group of values and ideas they associated with it. These values were freedom to improve yourself, morally and materially, freedom of religion, freedom from a privileged aristocracy, and freedom of expression. Personal liberty was allowed to prosper, as long as it stayed within state and federal constitutions and did not infringe on another man’s liberty. The biggest threat to liberty was power, often used by governments and private authorities to remove rights they did not have control over. The issue of promoting liberty while restricting power was maintainable when America was largely an agrarian society. The yeoman mentality, of a self-sufficient farmer, growing crops to sustain his family, and with any surplus he could sell or trade for what he could not make himself, was the ideal image of personal liberty. As commerce and industry began to create a new economy, the distance between liberty and power became more indiscernible.
Individuals often yield to conformity when they are forced to discard their individual freedom in order to benefit the larger group. Despite the fact that it is important to obey the authority, obeying the authority can sometimes be hazardous especially when morals and autonomous thought are suppressed to an extent that the other person is harmed. Obedience usually involves doing what a rule or a person tells you to but negative consequences can result from displaying obedience to authority for example; the people who obeyed the orders of Adolph Hitler ended up killing innocent people during the Holocaust. In the same way, Stanley Milgram noted in his article ‘Perils of Obedience’ of how individuals obeyed authority and neglected their conscience reflecting how this can be destructive in experiences of real life. On the contrary, Diana Baumrind pointed out in her article ‘Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience’ that the experiments were not valid hence useless.
Authority cannot exist without obedience. Society is built on this small, but important concept. Without authority and its required obedience, there would only be anarchy and chaos. But how much is too much, or too little? There is a fine line between following blindly and irrational refusal to obey those in a meaningful position of authority. Obedience to authority is a real and powerful force that should be understood and respected in order to handle each situation in the best possible manner.
The intersection between social psychology, history, and memory has always been a fascinating subject. Common sense would tell a person that psychology and memory are inextricably linked, but the question remains of how this relates to history? One interesting area of social psychology is Cognitive Authority. The theory of cognitive authority is helpful in elucidating why the troubling aspect of World War II memory called Holocaust Revisionism is more prominent than it really should be. In this paper, I will take a look at the tactics employed by the infamous and discredited historian, David Irving, which gained him a significant, underground movement and how these tactics relate to cognitive authority and World War II memory in general.
Have you ever wondered why we believe certain things to be true? What we believe to be true is heavily influenced by many factors. Beliefs varies geographically, socioeconomically, and among intellectual experts. For example, a boy raised in America may more likely share a Christian belief system, compared to if he was raised in Iran (he will more likely share a Muslim belief system). People generally spend time seeking out the truth, however, we use different methods. A scientist will most likely use empiricism techniques (the process of learning things through direct observation or experience, and reflection of those experiences). Whereas, a philosopher may use the priori method (beliefs are deduced from statements that is thought to be true
Silence is authority’s stamina to rule, however authority is strongly reliant on obedience, fear and respect. In every society an authority figure is present, without a doubt his/her power is given them by the people of their society. When an individual disobeys an authority, thus strengthening their self-authority, they will be socially ostracized. The fear of this concept can force one to submit to peer pressure; one of the leading abusive authorities. These three texts indicate the efficacy on authority when silence is a factor, this supports Leonardo Da Vinci’s quote ‘Nothing strengthens authority as much as silence.’