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Japanese society and culture
What factors lead to an increase in cultural exchange among civilizations due to political, economic, and social factors from 1000 to 1400 AD
Japanese society and culture
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During the Golden Age of Japanese poetry Japan was influenced by outside sources such as Korea and Vietnam, but its main literary influence was China. This influence would led to the idea that the Japanese culturally leached most of their societal concepts from China, but this is not the case. Despite having similarities between Literature and Culture Japan was still able to find a way to craft their country as their own. This individualism was mostly done through the use of literature. Despite the opposing argument that Japanese literature is a complete imitation of Chinese literature, The Man’Yoshu, Tale of Genji, and the Pillow Book, prove otherwise. Even though outside influences and cultures led to the creation of these literary pieces, …show more content…
One of the main outside influences of the Man’yoshu is China. During the creation of the Man’Yoshu, Japan and China were in a period of cultural exchange. This cultural exchange can be seen in the style that that the Man’Yoshu is written in. For example, within in the Man’Yoshu, Chinese literary elements such as the using of Chinese characters for the meaning, and sound enabled the authors of the poem to make it mutually intelligible amongst other cultures. Aside from the Chinese influences the Man’Yoshu was incorporated with one defining quality that epitomized the diversity of the Japanese culture. When the Man’Yoshu was created at the imperial court, only the most established poets had their work published in the anthology, but to avoid an elitist mentality, people other than the established hierarchs were able to publish their own poems. One purely Japanese idea within this poem includes the use of the Jewel-sash Mount, which was Japanese ceremonial attire for worship. By describing the use of the Jewel-sash the poet, alludes to the holiness of a particular mountain. With the incorporation of Japanese themes in the Man’Yoshu the poet was able to make a distinction of cultures between Japanese and Chinese
One of the key factors that all living organisms share is the ability to adapt and respond to their environment. Of course, humans are no exception to this. People are easily influenced by the things surrounding them. Think of a child raised in a harsh area compared to one raised in a wealthy household- their lifestyles are likely to be different. This rule can be applied to literature, too. In Passing, Romeo and Juliet, and The Book Thief, the characters discussed are shaped by their social environments.
However, not much is needed to be able to analyze these writings, as they contain so much important content. All of the parts just described share similar content, not only do they all have a creation story, but the characters are all very similar.
into their own dialect. One example of how Japan was influenced culturally from the Diary of
Throughout history artists have used art as a means to reflect the on goings of the society surrounding them. Many times, novels serve as primary sources in the future for students to reflect on past history. Students can successfully use novels as a source of understanding past events. Different sentiments and points of views within novels serve as the information one may use to reflect on these events. Natsume Soseki’s novel Kokoro successfully encapsulates much of what has been discussed in class, parallels with the events in Japan at the time the novel takes place, and serves as a social commentary to describe these events in Japan at the time of the Mejeii Restoration and beyond. Therefore, Kokoro successfully serves as a primary source students may use to enable them to understand institutions like conflicting views Whites by the Japanese, the role of women, and the population’s analysis of the Emperor.
Throughout the world, there are many diverse cultures, each of these distinct cultures have different backgrounds, rituals and practices. These cultures have a profound effect on the minds of their inhabitants. It's a person's culture which effects their thoughts, beliefs and their outlook upon life. It doesn't matter where you are from or where you go to, you always have a piece of your culture with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage's and background which molds your mind, and your thoughts of how you perceive the world around you. In every culture different aspects of the society are viewed differently. Some cultures share similarities with other cultures about how they view things. In many cultures sports plays a key role in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the sports. No matter where you are from, sports will always play a role in the society. Many times in literature you can tell where the setting is or where the author is from by the way the community or society in the literature view sports. If you look at the literature that authors produce and where they are from, you will notice a common trend in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the writer affects the perspective in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the writers perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the setting of the story and the everyday activities that the character go through. Two prime examples of how an authors cultural heritage affects the perspective that they write from is the South African author Bryce Courtenay and the American author Ernest Hemingway.
Greene, Carol. Enchantment of the World Japan, p. 97. 28 Pitts, Forrest R., Japan. p. 78. -. 29. Davidson, Judith.
Being a student interested in the field of biology, one knows that studying life in the past plays an important role in the history of organisms that lived on this earth. Similarly, being Japanese, studying the past of how Japanese were plays an important role in Japanese history. Despite all the general aspects of life that have changed from the Heian period, the one idea that has definitely not changed is the romantic relationships between a man and woman. Though the general concept is the same, from reading The Tale of Genji, it is what was considered the ideal woman and ideal man that were both surprising and thus worth discussing.
Donald E. Pease, in his article “Author,” suggests that the role of the author was, originally, that of a “cultural attaché” of sorts, defining, exploring, and connecting the thoughts and values of the culture. As the “ New World ” was discovered and explored, it became the job of the author to record and explain the new cultures and concepts that they saw, allowing them in essence to create an entirely new lexicon and way of writing. No longer was the author bound solely to his (or her) own culture; the author now had the power to incorporate several cultures and thoughts into a single work, or simply create an entirely new basis for thought and writing. It was...
The Heian period(794-1185), the so-called golden age of Japanese culture, produced some of the finest works of Japanese literature.1 The most well known work from this period, the Genji Monogatari, is considered to be the “oldest novel still recognized today as a major masterpiece.”2 It can also be said that the Genji Monogatari is proof of the ingenuity of the Japanese in assimilating Chinese culture and politics. As a monogatari, a style of narrative with poems interspersed within it, the characters and settings frequently allude to Chinese poems and stories. In addition to displaying the poetic prowess that the Japanese had attained by this time period, the Genji Monogatari also demonstrates how politics and gender ideals were adopted from the Chinese.
The Man'yōshū is the earliest collection of Japanese waka known to the world containing more than 2,500 waka. Man'yōshū introduced its own form of writing, Man'yōgana, which was the stepping stone for the Japanese writing system to progress into the use of kana. Until that time, Chinese kanji were only used for their meaning, but Man'yōgana allowed for kanji to be used phonetically as well as semantically. This drastic change in the writing system helped move Japan forward in its creative texts away from Chinese influence.
The United States and China are two very large countries that have cultures that are well known throughout the world. There are many differences between the United States and China, but there are many contributing factors that shape the cultures of these two countries. Language is universal, but there are different meanings and sounds, which vary from one culture to another. In China, citizens speak many languages, but about 94% speak the Chinese language. The difference in dialects was overcome by the written word and eventually a version of Mandrin became the “official speech” (The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 1996, p.304).
The Heian period was a peaceful era that is highly regarded in Japan’s history. At this time Japan was beginning to break away from Chinese influence, thus the culture of Japan was morphing into something unique and independent from that of China. An example of resulting change was Japan’s further development of their writing system known as kana, which allowed authors to express their feelings in a more Japanese way. The Japanese court also progressed independently from China and created unique concepts and values such as miyabi “courtliness,” makoto “sincerity,” and aware “sadness of impermanence” (Hooker). The expectations put on men and women in the court during the Heian period must have been concurrent with such values.
In his book Japanese Culture author Paul Varley describes the poems of the Man’yōshū as follows, “Some of the Man’yōshū poems are spuriously attributed to emperors and other lofty individuals of the fourth and fifth centuries, an age shrouded in myth, and a great many more are anonymous” (43). Many poem anthologies have come and gone over the rich history of Japan but there are some key features of the Man’yōshū that keeps it apart from the many other anthologies. One of the key features is that it can be said that the poems found therein were not just written by the nobility but the hand of many classes of society contributed to the works of poetry within the anthology. From the peasants to the frontiers guards men to even the paupers of Japans societies contributed to this great anthology. Though some modern scholars believe that it may have not been the case and that those of the lower classes in society did not or could not afford the cost of an education to produce some of these great works of art.
Although the political power shifted and dominant warrior class did not put as much emphasis on the arts as members of the court, Japanese literature was still preserved because the people held it in value and continued to view it as a denotation of refinement. As a result, there were various changes and innovations to Japanese literature when entering into the medieval period. This included literature written from new perspectives, the spread of religion, and new poetic devices (including one new form of poetry) were created.
During the course of this class, I have had the opportunity to read literature from authors who come from different backgrounds and places in the world. Some of the stories and poetry we read were straight forward while others were confusing and sometimes required a second look. But one thing is clear, it changed the way I think about literature in a few ways that I wasn’t expecting. Three works in particular stand out in my mind. “ I Wont Let You Go” by Rabindranath Tagore, “To New York” by Leopold Senghor, and Pedro Peramo by Juan Rulfo all had an impact on my thinking for similar yet different reasons. They all incorporate their cultural backgrounds into their work through the setting of their pieces. They also compose their pieces in a way that makes you want to research their history to find the deeper meaning. Finally, a couple of the authors write about things they are emotionally connected to. Some of the examples we will look at, really opened my eyes to going beyond a superficial understanding of literature.