The Main Theory Of Power

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The Main Theory Of Power A broad distinction can be made between two types of power: 1. Authority is power that is accepted as legitimate - e.g. the power of Parliament to pass laws in a society where citizens accept the political system. 2. Coercion is based upon the imposition of power using force, or the threat of force, against people who do not accept it as legitimate. Weber defines power as the ability of people to get their own way despite the opposition of others. He distinguishes three different types of authority: 1. Charismatic authority is based upon what are believed to be the special qualities of an individual. 2. Traditional authority is based upon a belief in the rightness of accepted customs. 3. Rational-legal authority is based upon the acceptance of an impersonal set of rules, e.g. an exam system or a legal system. These are ideal types (idealised, pure forms of authority) which in reality will tend to be mixed together. Lukes (1974) provides an alternative, radical view of power. He sees Weber's views as being largely based upon decision making (the first face of power). The second face is non-decision making, where some issues are prevented from reaching the point where decisions are made. The third face power is ideological power, where people are persuaded to accept the exercise of power over them even when it is against their interests - e.g. women accepting patriarchal power. A problem with this definition is determining what is for or against somebody's interests if it is not base on the opinion of the person concerned. * Parsons ... ... middle of paper ... ... as society-centred: they examine the way in which society shapes the actions of the state. State centred theories see the state as an independent actor, able to exercise power in its own right and pursue its own interests. Skocpol (1985) argues that states have considerable autonomy, and their primary aim may be to increase their own power. They have administrative control over territory, the ability to raise taxes and the ability to recruit talented people to work for them. States such as the communist regimes in Chinaand Russia, and the Napoleonic regime in France, demonstrate the considerable power that states can possess. Critics argue that such approaches may exaggerate state power. They also point out that some supposedly society-centred approaches recognise that the state has some independent power.

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