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Christian literature essay
Literary analysis on flannery o'connor
Literary criticism of flannery o'connor
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The short story “The Lame Shall Enter First” by Flannery O’Connor is a classic story of good vs. evil. The author introduces three characters engaging in a religious battle where healing is the main objective in the story. Satan is a fallen angel and is the opposite of God’s unblemished world. It appears that Satan only exists for the solitary purpose of keeping the balance of good vs. evil but if that were true, does that mean Satan doesn’t exist in any form in the story and that none of the characters were not similar to him?
In the story, Sheppard works as a City Recreational Director and during his weekends, he meets fourteen-year-old Rufus Johnson. Sheppard attempts to unite his son Norton with Rufus for the soul purpose that he thinks his son is self-centered and is completely spoiled. Sheppard believes if Norton has Rufus in his life it would be a huge awaking for his son. Sheppard believes that Rufus has a lot of good in him and thinks if he had a chance to succeed he would flourish. Sheppard instantly takes Rufus under his wing after the boy leaves reformatory. Sheppard doesn’t believe in heaven or God whereas, Rufus believes in good and evil but particularly Satan.
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Norton officially had Rufus as his new mentor in his life.
Rufus provided a disorderly idea of what heaven was and in the end ultimately destroyed Norton in his search for his mother. He told Norton if your mother believed in Jesus and was not a whore she was saved. In some sense, I believe Rufus’s character portrayed more than just a disciple of Satan but almost like Satan himself as he influenced Norton in his teachings of Heaven and Hell. Satan’s work appears to be throughout the story and when Rufus committed a crime, Satan exulted. When Rufus created havoc, or destroyed property entirely out of pleasure, Satan exulted. When we saw, Rufus abolish his life and lied to create further destruction, Satan
exulted. Rufus was pleased with his lawbreaking behavior and being mischievous among the police. Rufus knew his behavior was a turning point and opposite direction of God’s beliefs. He knew his actions were erroneous but insisted on bragging about his unlawful deeds. He thought of himself beyond worth saving and thought that goodness was out of his grasp. Rufus believes he has a future in hell and his wrong doings wouldn’t affect his position or where he stands with God. Satan’s goal isn’t just to do bad things sporadically but to stop God and his plans in every way possible. When Sheppard was counseling Rufus he was surprised to hear that Rufus’s problems were the cause of Satan’s control over him. Rufus declares, “I already know why I do what I do. Satan, he has me in his power.” Satan held a valuable part of Rufus and his actions defined his similarities with the devil. Rufus is a sinful young boy and has proved to be similar to Satan throughout the story. He is unquestionably diabolic and social values hold no interest in Rufus. Thus, Rufus has shown that Satan exists in many ways and holds many similarities to Satan. Rufus had many opportunities to rise above the Devil and his believes but chose to lead a path of wickedness. I believe good always triumphs evil but it’s the choices we choose that keep Satan from showing his true form.
Chris Crutcher, author of the short story “Fourth and Too Long”, demonstrates how important it is for players and coaches to have a mutual respect for each other on and off of the field. Over the course of the story, the main character, Benny struggles to find respect for himself as well as the coaches of his high school football team. Identically, the coaches lack respect for him as well. Benny woods is being penalized from playing football due to the length of his hair and his decision not to cut it. In the 1960’s long hair was said to have represented being a member of the hippie community. “It sends a message that the rest of the team can do any damn thing they want. First it’s the hair, then...who knows what”(160) is what Coach Greene
Stories usually include the archetype bad guys that seem to be evil, but in numerous stories, the “bad guy” persona becomes clouded. In the short stories, “Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Carol Oates and “A Good Man is Hard to Find” by Flannery O’Connor there are centralized antagonists, Arnold Friend and The Misfit, that are the archetype of a bad guy with a troubled past. Both short stories have subliminal messages hinting towards the devil. But if you start reading deeper you can see that’s not all they are portrayed, as seen in the short story, “A Good Man is Hard to Find”, the Misfit could also be portrayed as an archetype as a savior or a seer that has lost his way, although in “Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? “, Arnold Friend could be portrayed as a satyr, a mischievous demi god. While it can be argued that both characters are completely evil or not, they both have similar and their own personal qualities like the need to inflict pain upon others although they go about it in different ways.
The persona of the short story includes a young boy that lies to his church about feeling god through his soul. Hughes feels that betrayal of his family and the church itself and is a very scared boy of the actions that might be waiting for him.
He has the desire to attain materialistic goals, but leaving home was his alternative deviant route of achieving such. After he felt he had gotten as much as he could from the experience of living on his own, he moved back home to live with his family. He was in no hurry to devote himself to the church even as his parents and community played the part of his external social control by constantly asking when he would be joining the church. From parties consisting of hundreds of kids participating in physical activity, smoking, dressing English and driving cars to underage drinking and the use of illegal drugs, the Devil's Playground was full of deviant behavior and crime. It was interesting to witness the different repercussions each character had because of their own deviance, and to see what I learned in class portrayed in real situations.
...of what he has done. “He had ignored his own child to feed his vision of himself. He saw the clear-eyed Devil...leering at him through the eyes of Johnson. His image of himself shriveled until everything was black before him” (O'Connor 190). O’Connor used Sheppard as a representation of man. Norton’s suffeiring caused Sheppard to reexamine his spirutal beliefs. If Norton had not suffered for Sheppard then Sheppard would have not re-examined his walk with God. O’Connor used the suffering of Norton to represent Jesus Christ suffering for man so that we do not have to live in eternal punishment. Both Norton and Rufus were in Sheppard’s life as “an insrument for suffering”, so that Sheppard can fully realize his sins and repent. (McMullen 114). O’Connor saw the inporance of Jesus’ suffering on the Christ for man. She understood that thorugh jesus’ death we have grace.
This sources provides a well of content and most importantly a look at Satan. This in-depth look lends a great hand in the sorting of details. The timeline given will be a great help.
Wicked, dishonorable, corrupt, villainous, malicious, and vicious all have one thing in common: they define evil. A person or a group of people that display these qualities are often defined as evil beings or creatures. Two people that have many of these characteristics developed within them are Iago from Shakespeare’s Othello and Lucifer from the Bible. Both Iago and Lucifer are developed with many “evil” qualities woven intricately into their character development. The representation of each “evil” characteristic gives them something they have in common, allowing the description and portrayal of both Iago and Lucifer in literature show the audience they share common “evil” characteristics and that they lead to chaos and downfall.
Satan is an allegorical representation of God the Father. Both Satan and God are seen as Father figures; God as the Father of all that is virtuous, and Satan as the Father of all that is wicked. Just as God is the King of heaven, Satan claims himself King of Hell. God is the originator of Goodness, as Satan is the originator of Evilness. All in all, Satan is a perverse representation of God.
The main focus of the story “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne is the triumph of evil over good. A supposedly good man is tempted by evil and allows himself to be converted into a man of evil. This is much like the situation that arises in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, where two people are tempted to sin and give in thus submitting themselves to the power of the devil. In this novel, the area where the devil resides is strictly parallel to that in “Young Goodman Brown”.
The lame shall enter first , a short story written by Flannery O’Connor, concentrates on the relationship between Sheppard and from one side his son Norton ,a really lonely child , and from the other side Rufus , a ten years old boy that comes from a reformatory . Sheppard’s wife is dead and Norton misses her, however his dad can’t understand the reason why his son is still in pain , he thinks that is elfish and self-centered so he decides to take in and help Rufus instead of helping his own son. Rufus , on the other hand , is not a good boy and doesn’t want any help in fact , he tells to Sheppard that Satan has him in his power “A black sheen appears in the boy’s eyes “satan” he said. has me in his power”(O’Conner) , but Sheppard doesn’t believe him because he is an atheist. In this story , we can say that the main topic is Selfishness versus Compassion. In fact , Shepard at the beginning of the story does not show any sign of compassion for his poor son , he just wants to help Rufus even if his main goal is to tarnish Sheppard.At end of the story , though , Sheppard understands that his son needs love so he decides to go talk to him but it’s too late.
In considering Aristotle’s idea of hamartia, someone who is a good person, but fell from grace, and apply it to Satan then it seems reasonable to interpret Satan as having hero like characteristics. Aristotle would say that a courageous person is inspired by confidence, faces dangerous, and acts appropriately to this courage (Nicomachean Ethics). Not only is Satan a courageous figure, but starts off as a good character even though he makes mistakes along the way. In the first two Books Milton does this very thing of portraying Satan as a hero to appeal to the readers so that they are able to identify with his charact...
“Young Goodman Brown”, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, delves into the classic battle between good and evil; taking the protagonist, Goodman Brown, on a journey to test the resolve of his faith. Goodman ventures out on his expedition deep into the sinister forest, in order to repudiate the attempt of the devil to sway him from Christianity; a test he believes his devout faith is prepared to confront. Goodman Brown is forever altered in ways unforeseeable by taking a stroll with the ultimate antagonist, the devil himself. The prevailing theme in this literary work, which is common in Hawthorne’s gothic writing, is the realization that evil can infect people who seem perfectly respectable. Throughout the course of his journey, Goodman Brown discovers that even highly reputable people of Salem are vulnerable to the forces of darkness.
Milton uses many events like the ones listed above to encourage the reader to view Satan as a hero. "Satan is described to be the brightest and most important angel" (McColley 32). These traits of Satan show how one might recognize Satan as the second in power right below God, who was the highest power of all. Before Satan decides to give up what he has and to rebel against God, he was one of the wisest and most beautiful of all the angels in heaven (McColley 24). Although Satan was beautiful, the most important trait that makes him fit into the hero category is that he was the most powerful angel in heaven.
After Satan is worshipped by the other fallen angels, he begins his journey to the new land. He notices that there are nine gates of Hell and approaches the one guarded by Sin and Death. After convincing them to open the gate , he continues on to find Chaos, Night, Confusion, Discord and a few others. He once again uses his rhetorical skills to convince Chaos to show him the way to Earth. Now that he knows where he is going he continues the difficult journey : " So he with difficulty and labour hard/Mov’d on, with difficulty and labour hee;" (1021-1022). Satan will stop at nothing to get to Earth. Milton 's description of Satan 's journey shows us his determination and his intelligence . Even God takes account of Satan 's drive and mentions it to the Son
In Milton's Paradise Lost, he writes the story of the fall of Satan, his followers, and mankind. Many critics often view Satan as the unlikely or tragic hero of the epic poem. Satan is, obviously, the main character throughout most of the poem, but not necessarily the hero. Satan's main purpose is to fight G-d, and try to be on the same level as Him. The important thing is to realize that Satan is sin, and being humans, who are all born into sin, we can easily relate to a sinful character. G-d is holy and perfect. This is something which we, being fallible humans, cannot begin to comprehend. Satan does, at the beginning, follow many of the attributes which coincide with Aristotle's definition of a tragic hero; however, after the first few Books, Satan looses his status as a tragic hero rather rapidly. Along with this, Satan's thoughts parallel the idea of "Evil, be thou my good," (p76, line 110) which is the opposite of what G-d intends.