The Investigation of Osmosis in Potato Chips
Osmosis will occur across a semi-permeable membrane whenever there is
a difference between the water concentrations on the two sides of the
membrane, and when this happens to cells they will either become
turgid if water flows into them, or plasmolysed if water flows out of
them, and therefore changing their mass.
Aim:
To investigate how changing concentration in a sugar solution affects
the rate of osmosis in potato chips.
Prediction:
I predict that as potato chip is placed in a solution of high water
concentration then the potato chips will increase in weight and if put
in a low concentration then it will do the opposite.
If the concentration of a solution into which a potato chip of 2cm of
a potato is placed is greater than a certain level the potato chip
will contract, and if the concentration is less than that level it
will expand. This can be seen in living cells.
The cell membrane in cells is semi-permeable and the vacuole contains
a sugar/salt solution. So when a cell is placed in distilled water
(high concentration of water), water will move across the
semi-permeable membrane into the cell (lower concentration of water)
by osmosis, making the cell swell. This cell is now turgid. If this
were done with potato cells the cells would increase in mass because
of the extra water. If these potato cells were placed in a solution
with a low water concentration, then the opposite would happen. Water
would move out of the cell into the solution. In extreme cases the
cell membrane breaks away from the cell wall and the cell is referred
to as plasmolysed. The potato cells will have decreased in length,
volume and mass.
The greater the concentration of water on the out side of the cell the
greater the amount of water that enters the cell by osmosis. The
smaller the concentration of water out side the cell the greater the
amount of water that leaves the cell.
Investigating Osmosis In A Potato Introduction: "Osmosis is typically defines as the flow of one constituent of a solution through a membrane while the other constituents are blocked and unable to pass through the membrane. Experimentation is necessary to determine which membranes permit selective flow, or osmosis, because not all membranes act in this way. Many membranes allow all or none of the constituents of a solution to pass through; only a few allow a selective flow. In a classic demonstration of osmosis, a vertical tube containing a solution of sugar, with its lower end closed off by a semi-permeable membrane, is placed in a container of water. As the water passes through the membrane into the tube, the level of sugar solution in the tube visibly rises.
Finding Out the Changes of Mass in Potato Chips Due to Osmosis Aim: We have been asked to investigate the effect that osmosis has on potato chips. Prediction: I predict that the potato cylinder in the lowest sugar solution (water) will gain the most mass through osmosis, whereas the 80% sugar concentration will lose the most mass through osmosis. I predict this because I think that the potato chips will try to gain and lose water between the two sides of its cell wall in order to reach an equilibrium between them. Because the 80% sugar solution has a high amount of sugar molecules, which can not diffuse through the membrane, I think that the potato will lose water in order to make the solution on the outside of its membrane equal to the water concentration on the inside (thus losing mass). I also predict that the other concentrations (60%, 40%, and 20%) will lose mass, but in lower numbers compared to the 80% sugar solution (the lower the concentration, the higher the mass).
Measuring The Rate Of Osmosis In Potato Cells Skill Area P. Osmosis is defined as free water molecules diffusing from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Variables - The rate of osmosis effected by many different living things, temperature of the solutions, surface area over which it can occur, Volume of solution, Volume of potato, distance through which the free water molecules have to pass and finally the difference in concentration of the solutions. This final factor is the one that we are going to test during the experiment. The temperature increase causes the cells to expand so the whole potato expands. Different volumes of potatoes at different temperatures could be measured, however trying to measure the temperature of a potato effectively without causing defects in other results would be quite hard with the equipment we are using.
is put in pure water it will become turgid and it will not burst due
Osmosis Experiment Planning Aim: The main subject that I will be planning to investigate is the effects of a concentrated sucrose solution on potato cells on the basis of the Osmosis theory. Background knowledge: The plant cell and its structure To understand osmosis in detail I will need to explain the plant cell (which is the cell included in the osmosis experiment) and its cell membrane. Below I have a diagram of a plant cell: [IMAGE] Osmosis is about the movement of particles from a higher concentrated solution to a lower concentrated solution to create an ethical balance via a partially or semi permeable cell membrane. Osmosis in simple terms is the exchange of particles between the cytoplasm inside the cell and the solution outside the cell. What makes this exhange is the partially permable cell membrane.
I would also use what I have concluded at the end of the experiment to
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
Osmosis in Carrots Background Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane, which allows the pass of water molecules but not solute molecules. [IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE]If a cell is placed in a less concentrated solution water enters because the less concentrated solution will have a high concentration of water than the inside of the cell. Once the cell takes in maximum water the cell becomes turgid. If the cell was to be placed in a high concentrated solution, water would leave the cell because the cell would contain a low concentrated solution. So in the low concentrated solution there will be a high concentration of water and in the high concentrated solution there will be a low concentration of water.
I am going to carry out an experiment to measure the change in mass of
Investigate the Osmosis of Potato Cells in Various Salt Solutions. Introduction I have been asked to investigate the effect of changing the concentration of a solution on the movement of water into and out of potato cells. I will be able to change the input of my experiment. The input variable is the concentration of the solution.
The Effect of Water Concentration on the Mass of Potato Tissue Aim: The aim of this investigation is to discover the effect of water concentration on the mass of potato tissue, and also to investigate the movement of osmosis through potato tissue. Scientific Knowledge: When a substance such as a sugar dissolves in water, the sugar molecules attract some of the water molecules and stop them moving freely. This, in effect, reduces the concentration of water molecules.
When doing this experiment I was able to see the effect of different concentrations on the rate of osmosis, each was done by measuring the initial mass and length of the potato cylinder and after osmosis, the results were conducted to show that as the sucrose concentration increases the rate of osmosis also increases as I said in my hypothesis thusly making a direct decrease in mass.
At point A the graph shows that no change in mass, of the potato, would have have occurred had we used a 0.2 (m) sucrose solution. This suggests that the concentration of water inside the potato would have been equal to the solution outside the potato. At point B (plain water), there is no indication that the cell is increasing in mass. This is because the cell is fully turgid and no more water can enter.
Prediction I think that when the potato is placed in distilled water the potato mass will increase. This is because water, has, if pure, a weaker concentration than the potato, and the water molecules move in through a partially permeable membrane by osmosis. If the potato is in a high concentration salt solution, the potato mass will decrease because the potato is less concentrated than the salt solution, and the water will move through the partially permeable membrane into the stronger solution. However, if the potato mass stays the same after the experiment, this means that the water/salt solution and the potato must be of equal concentration.
The Effect of Solute Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis Aim: To test and observe how the concentration gradient between a potato and water & sugar solution will affect the rate of osmosis. Introduction: Osmosis is defined as, diffusion, or net movement, of free water molecules from high to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. When a substance, such as sugar (which we will be using in the experiment we are about to analyse), dissolves in water, it attracts free water molecules to itself, and in doing so, stops them from moving freely. The effect of this, is that the concentration of (free) water molecules in that environment goes down. There are less free water molecules, and therefore less water molecules to pass across a semi-permeable membrane, through which sugar molecules and other molecules attached to them are too big to diffuse across with ease.