Introduction
This report has been written to provide information to a client, and will advise on the integration of Mechanical & Electrical building services in a 2 storey office building. The building also has basement space available for plant allocation.
The areas which have been requested for consideration are:
Mechanical Heating, Ventilation and air conditioning systems
heat loading Calculating
Lighting Provision
Fire and Security Systems
Each section will be accompanied by a series of sketch designs showing installation methods and locations within the building.
Evidence shall be used from external sources to strengthen the document.
Reference to proposed building plans can be found in the appendix
Mechanical HVAC Services
Whether dealing with any building certain services need to be considered at the design stage to enable occupiers have reasonable conditions and a comfortable working environment. HVAC systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) are used to provide buildings with ‘conditioned air’ which is odourless and fresh, as well as ensuring the temperature, humidity and flow of the air is within a certain comfort range appealing to the occupiers. Figure 1 on page 5 is a diagram which explains a basic design process when designing a heating or ventilation system for a building.
Heating systems
According to the charted institute of building services engineers ‘a successful heating system design will result in a system that can be installed and commissioned to deliver the indoor temperatures required for the client.’ (CIBSE Guide B 2004) a heating service should also be designed to sustain its original performance capabilities over its planned life with little need for maintena...
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...working environment and minimal maintenance is necessary to both the system and the area of installation. The delay of water through transportation to the system must be taken into account, a quote from CIBSE Guide E states ‘the speed of water in the event of a fire should be carefully considered. A suggestion of a maximum pipe volume 2.5 m3 or a delivery of water to the sprinkler within 60 seconds should be fulfilled’ (CIBSE Guide E 2004) this shall be incorporated within the final designs.
By law a sprinkler system within a building must have its own water supply. A proposal of a water tank should be installed within the plant room for use of the system and shall be incorporated with the water heating system. In case of emergencies a connection shall be connected to the town’s mains water supply, further costs will have to be discussed with whom it may concern.
The automatic sprinkler system is the oldest and most widely utilized system in effect today. Through simple application of water onto a fire before it can grow it has saved countless lives and saved countless amounts of money in property and business. As its use grows in the commercial setting, it has also begun to grow in the residential setting. There are few areas that require automatic sprinkler systems in residential homes, but as they are proven to be safe, affordable, and effective, this will rapidly change. It will not be long before there is an automatic sprinkler system in every business as well as home.
A discussion on the HVAC heat loss calculations and miscellaneous supports. It was explained that the drawings showed an estimated tonnage, but the bidders were to size their units per their own calculations. The dual HVAC units as shown on the drawings represent N+1 redundancy as large VFDs are part of the building
The business and political atmosphere during this time was very corrupt. No one was really interested in the safety of their workers they were more focused on making more money. Precautions that would be used to prevent fires such as fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, or even working water hoses were not available. In the case of a fire it was nothing that could really be done. Triangle Factory owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Haris, had a history with their factories catching fire. Blanck and Haris would purposely set their businesses on fire so they could collect large insurance policies, which is one of the reasons why they did not install a sprinkler system. They needed something to help them just in case they were to burn down another
Standard Air Conditioner There are a number of standard air conditioner systems that are available on the market. One is a unitary system. The one room air conditioners sit in a window or wall opening, with interior controls. A large house or building may have several units, permitting each room to be cooled separately. Another type is the basic central air conditioning unit, which offers whole house-house cooling. It is usually a large, loud, mechanism that sits outside of the home. Although these standard air conditioners may be effective, they come with drawbacks. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, Americans spend $22 billion a year and use more than 183 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity to cool their homes with standard air conditioning. Also those air conditioners release about 100 million tons of carbon dioxide into the air annually -- two tons for each home that has one.
The first step to development is to survey the property in order to document and draw the bounds and land surface shapes. The property will be represented by various geometry elements such as points, lines, arcs, circles, and other defined geometry shapes. Surveyors use scope on tripods witch use projection of line Referenced point on a stick in order to measure the variations of the heights on the ground. This tool uses various angel theorems and postulates to find location of property boundaries, property corners, utilities and building layouts on the property. The surveyor uses the data collected to draw the property layout on a 36”x 24”sheet of paper.
Pikas, E. (2013). Building information modeling dcation for construction engineeng and managemet. ii; procedures and implementaion case stdy. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(11), 04013016-1 - 04013014-11.
Next, I tirelessly set up a drip-irrigation system that evenly waters the entire bed out of the tubing, piping, and fittings I picked up with my dad from Home Depot.
Therefore the intended audience which includes engineers, technicians, draftsmen, inspectors, etc. use these drawings to communicate with each
Despite the fact that novel technologies are continuously under development to complement existing practices in coming up with greener buildings, the universal intent is that such structures are designed to diminish the general effect on the built environment on health of the humans in addition to the natural environment via: Diminishing environmental degradation, pollution and waste, improving productivity of the employee and guarding occupant health, efficient usage of water, energy, in addition to other resources.
Summer is a great time to change out your heating system since you are not using it right now; by changing it out now, it will be ready when the nights start to get cool again. #2 Add Fire Escapes If your home has multiple stories, it is vital that you have a safe way out of every level in your home. If you don't have a safe way out of the upper levels of your home, contact a local contractor and see about having a fire escape installed that you can access through at least one room on every level. If you have multiple rooms in the upper levels in your home, you may want to consider installing multiple fire escapes.
As new demands for comfort emerged in buildings during the 1970's, adaptation concepts became more prevalent. The term adaptation is mentioned in architecture to describe the process performed by systems in which specific properties of a building are changed within a specific time frame in order to manage changing environmental conditions or occupant's demands. The environment is in a constant flux over time and space, thus there is a need to accommodate and manage the environmental changes for the occupant's satisfaction. For example, "an ideal cladding system would have quite different thermal and optical properties at different times of the day and night, at different outdoor temperature conditions, and in summer and winter" [Gregory 1986].
Peoples are always trying different techniques to beat the scorching heat, specifically in summer season. Recently, there many methods that proved their quality in reducing the atmospheric temperature to the required rates. There are three main types of evaporative cooling systems which are sprinkler systems, pad systems and Fogger systems. This project interested in the last one. Fogger system is defined as a type of nozzles that sprays water with high-pressure (up to 200 psi) or low pressure (less than 50 psi) to the air as a fine fog or mist. These fine fog or mist evaporates into the outdoor air in order to cool this air which is located beside the fogger (Giacomelli, 2003).
According to Wikipedia the term drafting water refers to the use of suction to move a liquid such as water from a vessel or body of water below the intake of a suction pump. Drafting water. (2015, April 20). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafting_water A rural fire department or farmer might draft water from a pond as the first step in moving the water elsewhere. The most common method of accessing water is by hooking up to a fire hydrant. There are actually different color coded fire hydrants, these color codes represent how many gallons per minute that particular fire hydrant is capable of producing. A blue colored hydrant can produce 1,500 GPM or greater, a green colored hydrant can produce 1,000 GPM or greater, a yellow colored hydrant can produce 500 to 1,000 GPM or greater and a red hydrant can produce up to 500 GPM. One of the first challenges that firefighters face when they arrive at a fire is finding a suitable water source that provides enough water for the type of fire they are fighting. Common sense tells us a car on fire will require much less water than a burning apartment building. There are formulas used by firefighters that will tell them approximately how much water is needed to fight a given fire. This allows for quick decision making when they are deciding which hydrant to access. Fire Hydrant Colors Actually Mean Something. (2013, January 09).
preliminary sketches of floor plan with rough dimensions, and sketch a view of the house
Hence, at this stage it is to explore and experiments with models, dummies and storyboards so that we can portray a glimpse of how the design will look like in reality, not to mention this method also can be used to convey ideas so that they can be understood in this context.